Isolation of Picocyanobacteria (Order Synechococcales) and Occurrence of the Cyanotoxin Anatoxin-A in a Shallow Mesotrophic Pond

We have verified the use of a serial filtration method to isolate picocyanobacteria for analysis. We used eDNA metabarcoding to confirm the picocyanobacteria as members of the Order Synechococcales, Genus Cyanobium, specifically Cyanobium 6307. Fluorometric analysis using accessory pigments phycocyanin and phycoerythrin described periods of excess biomass, where the net growth rate model confirmed these conditions. The total anatoxin-a concentrations in the picocyanobacterial sample ranged from 0.0074 - 6.41 μg·L-1 representing a 40-fold difference over the entire sampling season. Sampling frequency of every three days appeared to be an important factor in capturing these changes in anatoxin-a concentration. During a period of excess biomass, we were able to establish a linear correlation between cyanobacterial biomass and Anatoxin-a concentrations.

Isolation of Picocyanobacteria (Order Synechococcales) and Occurrence of Cyanotoxins (Anatoxin-a) in Saline Microhabitats at Martha’s Vineyard, MA

We have used serial filtration to isolate picocyanobacteria from brackish and marine microhabitats for analysis. We used 16s metabarcoding to confirm the picocyanobacteria as members of the Order Synechococcales, Genus Cyanobium 6307 (Upper Chilmark Pond) and differing abundances of Cyanobium 6307 and Synechococcus 9902 (Chilmark Pond, Edgartown Great Pond, Tisbury Great Pond and Tashmoo Pond). The proportion and composition of (pico)cyanobacteria in water samples were influenced by the salinity concentrations at various sites, as evidenced by fluorometry and 16s metabarcoding analysis. The cyanobacterial neurotoxin anatoxin-a was present in the picocyanobacterial samples from all studied sites. Additional analyses using fluorometry and 16s metabarcoding described members of the Order Nostocales, including a halotolerant population of Dolichospermum sp., Sphaerospermopsis spp. and Nodularia spp. in Upper Chilmark Pond. We were able to establish a positive linear correlation between cyanobacterial biomass (phycocyanin) and anatoxin-a concentrations using samples taken from Upper Chilmark Pond.

Small temporal variation in abundance of virioplankton compared to bacterioplankton and phytoplankton in two bays in the northern South China Sea

Variations of picoplankton groups were investigated over a one-month period in Daya Bay and Sanya Bay,in the northern South China Sea.The two coastal regions exhibited different variation patterns in physicochemical parameters.Moreover,the diel variations of picoplankton groups were different between the two bays.The abundance of the picoplankton in Sanya Bay displayed a pronounced diel variation,while it was not significant in Daya Bay.In addition,some similar patterns of picoplankton abundance were discovered.In the two bays,virioplankton exhibited the smallest fluctuation range,whereas picocyanobacteria fluctuated most markedly.The fluctuation range of picoplankton groups was larger in spring tide than in neap tide,especially in Sanya Bay.Random forest model analysis demonstrated that the variation of picoplankton groups was attributed to physical and chemical factors in Sanya Bay and Daya Bay,respectively.Therefore,our findings suggest that virioplankton abundance can persist more stably in response to changing environmental conditions compared to bacterioplankton and picophytoplankton.

抚仙湖超微型浮游藻类群落结构空间分布特征

2016年7月对抚仙湖进行采样调查,研究抚仙湖超微型浮游藻类(超微藻)的空间分布特征及关键影响因子。结果表明,抚仙湖超微藻平均丰度为(8.58±3.25)×10^(3)个/mL,其中超微蓝藻丰度显著高于超微真核藻。超微藻丰度在沿岸带较高,敞水区相对较低,北部最深点低于南部最深点;垂直方向上,超微藻丰度在水下10 m处达到最大值,随着深度的增加丰度逐渐下降。通过方差膨胀因子分析和建模得到超微藻丰度和环境因子的相关关系,水体的浊度、pH以及总磷对超微真核藻丰度有显著影响,而超微蓝藻的丰度主要是受到总磷的影响。结合流式细胞分选和高通量测序得到了抚仙湖超微真核藻的群落结构特征,主要是金藻纲、硅藻纲、甲藻纲等,其中金藻纲占绝对优势。在空间上,不同湖区和不同深度超微真核藻的群落组成也存在差异:表层水体以金藻纲、硅藻纲、甲藻纲为主;而在深层水体中超微真核藻的多样性降低,金藻纲为优势种。超微藻作为贫营养湖泊初级生产力的主要贡献者,对其组成和分布的研究有助于更全面的认识抚仙湖生态系统结构和功能。

海洋微微型蓝藻与异养细菌相互作用的研究进展

菌藻相互作用是海洋生态学领域研究的重要方向之一。海洋微微型蓝藻(Marine picocyanobacteria)是遍布全球海洋的重要初级生产者,在全球碳循环和微食物网中发挥重要作用。原绿球藻属(Prochlorococcus)和聚球藻属(Synechococcus)是海洋微微型蓝藻最重要的两个类群。原位调查和培养实验均证实微微型蓝藻与异养细菌之间存在复杂的相互作用关系。两者相互作用的物质基础包括有机碳、维生素、氨基酸及无机营养盐等,主要作用方式是互惠共生:海洋微微型蓝藻通过初级生产能够为异养细菌提供重要的有机碳来源,异养细菌矿化生成的无机营养物能够被微微型蓝藻再吸收利用,与异养细菌的相互作用是微微型蓝藻实现生存优势的重要保障。本文总结了当前海洋微微型蓝藻与异养细菌主要相互作用的相关研究,并对未来研究领域中应该关注的问题进行了展望以期深入解析其生态学功能。

聚球藻共栖细菌群落结构与功能特征

聚球藻与共栖细菌能够通过功能互补实现互惠共生。本研究通过分析原位聚球藻富集培养体系除菌处理前后的藻菌体系的群落结构及生理指标差异,探究了稳定共栖优势菌群的功能特征及其生态影响。结果表明:培养体系聚球藻以S5.1_Ⅷ类群为主,优势共栖细菌属于α-变形菌、γ-变形菌和拟杆菌;除菌后重建的稳定共栖细菌群落结构趋于一致,优势种群是Ruegeria和Marianobacter,功能解析发现碳和氮循环功能类群相对丰度分别为88.47%和11.08%。受共栖菌群影响的聚球藻藻胆蛋白含量和最大光合能力发生显著变化,光能转化效率提高。此外,聚球藻培养过程中释放了大量硅,可能为微微型浮游植物的聚集下沉提供压载物,促进海洋碳循环。

丰水期东洞庭湖超微型浮游藻类时空分布特征及其影响因子

超微型浮游藻类(<3μm)主要包括超微蓝藻(PCY)和超微真核藻(PPEs),是浮游生态系统的重要组成部分,在水体物质循环和能量流动中起着重要作用.为了解通江湖泊中超微藻动态变化特征及其关键影响因子,于2019年洞庭湖丰水期(5~8月)每月对东洞庭湖进行采样调查,研究了丰水期间东洞庭湖超微藻生物量和丰度的时空演变规律及其与环境因子的关系.结果表明,东洞庭湖丰水期超微藻生物量和丰度均表现出显著的时空演变规律(P<0.05).整个丰水期间,超微藻Chla平均浓度为8.52μg·L^-1,其对总浮游藻类Chla的贡献率平均为41.6%;从5~8月,随着水温的增加,超微藻Chla浓度不断增加,尤其是东洞庭湖北部湖区和南部湖区;东部行洪道超微藻Chla浓度全湖最低.PCY是东洞庭湖超微藻的主要优势藻,其丰度平均是PPEs的3.4倍.PCY和PPEs丰度表现出相似的时空分布规律:时间上,从5~8月均呈现先增加后降低的趋势;空间上,随着丰水期的推移,超微藻丰度峰值由北部湖区向南部湖区迁移,到8月丰水期末期超微藻丰度逐渐降低,北部湖区超微藻丰度最高.分析结果表明,丰水期超微藻表现出了显著的时空分布规律,水位和N∶P比是影响东洞庭湖PCY和PPEs丰度组成比例变化最重要的因子.