Active Vibration Control of Beam Using Electro-magnetic Constrained Layer Damping

This paper investigates vibration control of beam through electro-magnetic constrained layer damping （EMCLD） which consists of electromagnet layer, permanent magnet layer and viscoelastic damping layer. When the coil of the electromagnet is electrified with proper control strategy, the electromagnet can exert magnetic force opposite to the direction of structural deformation so that the structural vibration is attenuated. A mathematical model is developed based on the equivalent current method to calculate the electromagnetic control force produced by EMCLD. The governing equations of the system are obtained using Hamilton＇s Principle and then reduced with the assumed-mode method. A simulation on vibration control of a cantilever beam is conducted under the velocity proportional feedback to demonstrate the energy dissipation capability of EMCLD, and the beam system with the same parameter is experimented. The results of experiment and simulation are compared and the results show that the EMCLD is an effective means for suppressing modal vibration. The results also indicate that the beam system has better control performance for larger control current. The EMCLD method presented in this paper provides an applicable and efficient tool for the vibration control of structures.

Influence of active constrained layer damping on the coupled vibration response of functionally graded magneto-electro-elastic plates with skewed edges

This article makes the first attempt in assessing the influence of active constrained layer damping(ACLD)treatment towards precise control of frequency responses of functionally graded skew-magneto-electroelastic(FGSMEE)plates by employing finite element methods.The materials are functionally graded across the thickness of the plate in terms of modest power-law distributions.The principal equations of motion of FGSMEE are derived via Hamilton’s principle and solved using condensation technique.The effect of ACLD patches are modelled by following the complex modulus approach(CMA).Additionally,distinctive emphasis is laid to evaluate the influence of geometrical skewness on the attenuation capabilities of the plate.The accuracy of the current analysis is corroborated with comparison of previous researches of similar kind.Additionally,a complete parametric study is directed to understand the combined impacts of various factors like coupling fields,patch location,fiber orientation of piezoelectric patch in association with skew angle and power-law index.

VIBRATION CONTROL OF FLUID-FILLED PRISMATIC SHELL WITH ACTIVE CONSTRAINED LAYER DAMPING TREATMENTS

Active constrained layer damping （ACLD） combines the simplicity and reliability of passive damping with the light weight and high efficiency of active actuators to obtain high damping over a wide frequency band. A fluid-filled prismatic shell is set up to investigate the validity and efficiency of ACLD treatments in the case of fluid-structure interaction. By using state subspace identification method, modal parameters of the ACLD system are identified and a state space model is established subsequently for the design of active control laws. Experiments are conducted to the fluid-filled prismatic shell subjected to random and impulse excitation, respectively, For comparison, the shell model without fluid interaction is experimented as well. Experimental results have shown that the ACLD treatments can suppress vibration of the fluid-free and fluid-filled prismatic shell effectively. Under the same control gain, vibration attenuation is almost the same in both cases.

DYNAMIC CHARACTERISTICS OF A CANTILEVER BEAM WITH PARTIAL SELF-SENSING ACTIVE CONSTRAINED LAYER DAMPING TREATMENT

The equations of motion governing the vibration of a cantilever beam with partially treated self-sensing active constrained layer damping treatment(SACLD) are derived by application of the extended Hamilton principle. The assumed-modes method and closed loop velocity feedback control law are used to analyze and control the flexural vibration of the beam nle influences of the bonding layer and piezoelectric layer thickness, material properties, placements of the Diezoelectric patch and feedback control parameters on the actuation ability of the vibration suppression are investigated. Some design considerations for pure passive, pure active control, and self-sensing active constrained layer damping are discussed.

Acoustic radiation from the submerged circular cylindrical shell treated with active constrained layer damping

Based on the transfer matrix method of exploring the circular cylindrical shell treated with active constrained layer damping（i.e., ACLD）, combined with the analytical solution of the Helmholtz equation for a point source, a multi-point multipole virtual source simulation method is for the first time proposed for solving the acoustic radiation problem of a submerged ACLD shell. This approach, wherein some virtual point sources are assumed to be evenly distributed on the axial line of the cylindrical shell, and the sound pressure could be written in the form of the sum of the wave functions series with the undetermined coefficients, is demonstrated to be accurate to achieve the radiation acoustic pressure of the pulsating and oscillating spheres respectively. Meanwhile, this approach is proved to be accurate to obtain the radiation acoustic pressure for a stiffened cylindrical shell. Then, the chosen number of the virtual distributed point sources and truncated number of the wave functions series are discussed to achieve the approximate radiation acoustic pressure of an ACLD cylindrical shell. Applying this method, different radiation acoustic pressures of a submerged ACLD cylindrical shell with different boundary conditions, different thickness values of viscoelastic and piezoelectric layer, different feedback gains for the piezoelectric layer and coverage of ACLD are discussed in detail. Results show that a thicker thickness and larger velocity gain for the piezoelectric layer and larger coverage of the ACLD layer can obtain a better damping effect for the whole structure in general. Whereas, laying a thicker viscoelastic layer is not always a better treatment to achieve a better acoustic characteristic.

Finite Element Modeling of a Fluid Filled Cylindrical Shell with Active Constrained Layer Damping

On the basis of the piezoelectric theory, Mindlin plate theory, viscoelastic theory and ideal fluid equation, the finite element modeling of a fluid-filled cylindrical shell with active constrained layer damping (ACLD) was discussed. Energy methods and Lagrange’s equation were used to obtain dynamic equations of the cylindrical shell with ACLD treatments, which was modeled as well with the finite element method. The GHM (Golla-Hughes-McTavish) method was applied to model the frequency dependent damping of viscoelastic material. Ideal and incompressible fluid was considered to establish the dynamic equations of the fluid-filled cylindrical shell with ACLD treatments, Numerical results obtained from the finite element analysis were compared with those from an experiment. The comparison shows that the proposed modeling method is accurate and reliable.

MULTI-LAYER PIEZOELECTRIC ACTUATOR AND ITS APPLICATION IN CONTROLLABLE CONSTRAINED DAMPING TREATMENT

A kind of novel multi-layer piezoelectric actuator is proposed and integrated with controllable constrained damping treatment to perform hybrid vibration control. The governing equation of the system is derived based on the constitutive equations of elastic, viscoelastic and piezoelectric materials, which shows that the magnitude of control force exerted by multi-layer piezoelectric actuator is the quadratic function of the number of piezoelectric laminates used but in direct proportion to control voltage. This means that the multi-layer actuator can produce greater actuating force than that by piezoelectric laminate actuator with the same area under the identical control voltage. The optimal location placement of the multi-layer piezoelectric actuator is also discussed. As an example, the hybrid vibration control of a cantilever rectangular thin-plate is numerically simulated and carried out experimentally. The simulated and experimental results validate the power of multi-layer piezoelectric actuator and indicate that the present hybrid damping technique can effectively suppress the low frequency modal vibration of the experimental thin-plate structure.

Finite element formulation of active constraining layer damping plate using laminate theory

A new finite element modeling method has been developed using laminate theory in a virtual work principle for active constraining layer damping plate. The frequency dependent modulus of viscoelastic material is described by introducing a few dissipation coordinates, known as GHM (Golla-Hughes-McTavish) method, a standard linear system with constant coefficient. The effectiveness of this method is validated by experimental model. Compared with conventional methods, this method can reduce a number of degrees of freedom and improve accuracy, provides a good model for analogous configurations.

MODELING AND DYNAMICS ANALYSIS OF SHELLS OF REVOLUTION BY PARTIALLY ACTIVE CONSTRAINED LAYER DAMPING TREATMENT

A new model for a smart shell of revolution treated with active constrained layer damping （ACLD） is developed, and the damping effects of the ACLD treatment are discussed. The motion and electric analytical formulation of the piezoelectric constrained layer are presented first. Based on the authors~ recent research on shells of revolution treated with passive constrained layer damping （PCLD）, the integrated first-order differential matrix equation of a shell of revolution partially treated with ring ACLD blocks is derived in the frequency domain. By virtue of the extended homogeneous capacity precision integration technology, a stable and simple numerical method is further proposed to solve the above equation. Then, the vibration responses of an ACLD shell of revolution are measured by using the present model and method. The results show that the control performance of the ACLD treatment is complicated and frequency-dependent. In a certain frequency range, the ACLD treatment can achieve better damping characteristics compared with the conventional PCLD treatment.

Analysis and active control of low frequency booming noise in car

For Lightweight body,sound radiation and sound insulation performance have negative effects on interior noise by the deterioration of local stiffness and modality.So the research on the active control of vibration and noise for car body panels is useful for engineering.Analysis and active control of booming noise in car is researched by using a new active damping vibration reduction technology named smart constrained layer damping(SCLD).According to the vibration characters of body roof,an optimal placement of actuators is distributed.Based on dSPACE hardware in loop environment,an adaptive active control system is designed.Selecting vibration signals of engine mounting point as the reference input of adaptive controller,an active control experiment of booming noise for mini-car is carried out.Experimental results show that,when the engine speed is at 3700 RPM and4250RPM,the interior booming noise decreases 4.2dB(A),and 3.5dB(A) separately.It proposes new methods and techniques for intelligent control of car body NVH in the future.

智能约束层阻尼结构动力学建模及振动主动控制研究

基于耗散坐标与GHM(Golla-Hughes-Mctavish)模型建立智能约束层阻尼悬臂梁结构的动力学模型,并研究智能约束层悬臂梁结构的振动主动控制。针对结构模型自由度过高问题,分别在物理空间和模态空间对结构模型进行联合降阶处理。先通过具体算例验证了该研究建模方法的正确性,然后比较研究了压电片和黏弹性层铺设位置对系统振动控制效果和控制成本的影响。最后验证了结构简化模型的普遍适用性。研究结果显示,在控制器反馈增益相同的条件下,压电片和黏弹性层的位置越靠近固定端,系统控制效果越好,控制成本越小。简化的模型对含有噪声的输入信号也有较好的控制效果。

含主动约束阻尼悬臂梁两种减振机理的模拟

以部分贴敷主动约束阻尼(active constrained layer damping,简称ACLD)悬臂梁为对象,研究了其所包含的两种减振机理的模拟方法。首先,通过分析ACLD结构的受力及变形,描述了ACLD减振中所包含的黏弹性层剪切耗能和压电层反相阻滞作用两种减振机理;其次,将黏弹性剪切变形体现在形函数中,再结合压电方程与力学公式推导出压电阻滞力,创建了包含两种减振机理的ACLD处理复合梁的动力学模型;最后,通过组建的ACLD悬臂梁减振实验系统对仿真分析结果进行了验证,同时对比分析了仅包含被动约束阻尼或压电反相阻滞单一减振机制以及ACLD处理时复合梁的时域响应。结果表明:仿真计算与实验值的最大偏差为18.6%,证明了所创建的包含两种减振机理分析模型的合理性;ACLD由于同时包含两种减振机理,其减振效果要优于单一的振动控制方法。

主动约束层阻尼薄板有限元建模及振动控制

为了解决薄板结构在应用于各个工程领域所产生的振动过大问题,以主动约束层阻尼(active constrained layer damping, ACLD)薄板结构作为研究对象,进行振动控制研究。首先,构造4节点28自由度单元对该结构进行离散,其中黏弹性层采用复常数剪切模量本构模型,引入等效Rayleigh阻尼表示基层的阻尼,通过Hamilton原理推出了ACLD薄板结构的动力学模型;其次,针对建立的动力学模型自由度过大的问题,采用物理空间下动力缩聚和状态空间内平衡联合降阶保证模型具有良好可控性和可观性;最后使用最优二次型LQR(linear quadratic regulator)控制对系统进行振动控制。研究结果表明,该文建立的有限元模型在不同边界条件、覆盖方式不同情况下仍然具有有效性,使用联合降阶法后模型依旧能够准确、可靠的表述原系统动态特性。在脉冲激励和带限白噪声下依旧能够抑制系统振动。

主动约束层阻尼振动控制技术现状及展望

本文在建模、控制策略、系统实现和应用等多方面对主动约束层阻尼振动控制技术的历史、现状进行了分析 ,指出了实施主动约束层阻尼振动控制技术继续发展的技术及待解决的问题。

充液压电阻尼圆柱壳的有限元建模

基于M ind lin板理论、压电理论、粘弹性理论和理想流体方程,对充液圆柱壳主动约束阻尼结构在流固耦合条件下的建模进行了研究。利用拉格朗日方法得到结构的动力学方程,利用GHM方法描述粘弹性阻尼的本构关系,结合流体方程建立主动约束阻尼结构在流固耦合条件下的动力学方程。建立从压电材料的电压到流固耦合边界下的圆柱壳结构振动的频响函数,利用实验结果对理论计算加以验证,结果表明该建模方法是可行的。

主动约束层阻尼振动控制研究进展

主动约束层阻尼（Ａｃｔｉｖｅ Ｃｏｎｓｔｒａｉｎｅｄ Ｌａｙｅｒ Ｄａｍｐｉｎｇ， ＡＣＬＤ）是以可控的压电材料代替被动约束层中不可控的约束层，通过可控的约束层主动地控制黏弹性材料的剪切变形以进一步增大其对振动能量耗散的主动阻尼形式，它充分结合了主动控制与被动阻尼作用各自的优势，使得其在结构振动控制方面显示出极好的应用价值．本文首先解释了ＡＣＬＤ的基本结构和阻尼机理，然后综述了最近几年有关ＡＣＬＤ在结构建模，控制方案及结构优化等方面的最新研究进展，最后指出了应用前景并总结了进一步研究的问题．

采用压电和黏弹性材料的杂交阻尼控制的研究

杂交阻尼控制技术是许多工程结构减振和改善性能的重要方法之一.本文主要从杂交阻尼结构的几个特征方面:阻尼结构形式、建模假设、黏弹性材料建模、响应分析方法、控制方法、参数研究和结构选择来研究杂交阻尼结构的研究进展和主要研究成果.研究发现绝大多数的文献只局限于研究梁板的问题.因此很有必要加强对壳体等复杂结构的研究.最后文中指出了有关杂交阻尼结构继续发展的有待深入研究的几个方面。

主动约束层阻尼板的振动控制研究

研究局部附加主动约束层阻尼 (activeconstrainedlayerdamping ,ACLD)结构板的振动控制问题。基于Hamilton原理 ,提出一种新的建立主动约束层阻尼板动力学模型的方法 ,同时给出一种用于确定粘弹材料GHM (Golla Hughes Mctavish)模型参数的优化问题。采用GHM方法描述弹性材料的本构关系 ,将粘弹性材料的动力特性描述与工程上最常用的有限元分析结合起来 ,推导得到ACLD结构的动力学方程为标准二阶定常线性系统方程。应用LQR控制理论进行结构振动控制仿真 ,结果表明 ,本文给出的新建模方法是准确可靠的 ,ACLD结构能够有效抑制结构振动。

主动约束层阻尼梁的有限元建模及模型简化

将有限元方法与粘弹性材料的GHM模型相结合 ,从而避免因粘弹性材料导致的非线性微分方程。为进一步设计控制器 ,先在物理空间通过迭代进行动力缩聚 ,将系统降至适当的维数 ,然后在状态空间用鲁棒降阶的方法进一步降阶。这样能使降阶后的系统既可观性 ,又可控性。