Superior intestinal integrity and limited microbial translocation are associated with lower immune activation in SIVmac239-infected northern pig-tailed macaques(Macaca leonina)

Microbial translocation is a cause of systemic immune activation in HIV/SIV infection. In the present study, we found a lower CD8+ T cell activation level in Macaca leonina (northern pig-tailed macaques, NPMs) than in Macaca mulatta (Chinese rhesus macaques, ChRMs) during SIVmac239 infection. Furthermore, the levels of plasma LPS-binding protein and soluble CD14 in NPMs were lower than those in ChRMs. Compared with ChRMs, SIV-infected NPMs had lower Chiu scores, representing relatively normal intestinal mucosa. In addition, no obvious damage to the ileum or colon epithelial barrier was observed in either infected or uninfected NPMs, which differed to that found in ChRMs. Furthermore, no significant microbial translocation (Escherichia coli) was detected in the colon or ileum of infected or uninfected NPMs, which again differed to that observed in ChRMs. In conclusion, NPMs retained superior intestinal integrity and limited microbial translocation during SIV infection, which may contribute to their lower immune activation compared with ChRMs.

Analysis of immunoglobulin, complements and CRP levels in serum of captive northern pig-tailed macaques （Macaca leonina）

The northem pig-tailed macaque （NPM, Macaca leonina） has become a widely used animal model in biomedical research. In this study, we measured serum immunoglobulin IgG, IgM, IgA, complement C3, C4 and CRP levels in 3-11 year old captive northem pig-tailed macaques using HITACHI 7600-20 automated chemistry analyzer in order to determine the influences of age and gender on these items. The results showed that serum IgA, IgM, C3 and C4 levels were not correlated with age （P〉0.05）, while serum IgG levels increased progressively with age （r=0.202; P=0.045）. Serum IgG, IgA, IgM and C3 levels were higher in females than in males （P〈0.05）. Moreover, serum C3 concentration was both positively and strongly correlated with that of C4 （r=0.700; P〈0.0001）. This study provides basic serum immunoglobulin and complement data of captive northem pig-tailed macaques, which may prove useful for future breeding efforts and biomedical research.

Flow cytometric characterizations of leukocyte subpopulations in the peripheral blood of northern pig-tailed macaques （Macaca leonina）

Pig-tailed macaques(Macaca nemistrina group) have been extensively used as non-human primate animal models for various human diseases in recent years, notably for AIDS research due to their sensitivity to HIV-1. Northern pig-tailed macaques(M. leonina) are distributed in China and other surrounding Southeast Asia countries. Although northern pig-tailed macaques have been bred on a large scale as experimental animals since 2012, the reference value of normal levels of leukocytes is not available. To obtain such information, 62 blood samples from male and female healthy northern pig-tailed macaques at different ages were collected. The normal range of major leukocyte subpopulations, such as T lymphocytes, B lymphocytes, natural killer(NK) cells, monocytes, and the expression levels of activation or differentiation related molecules(CD38, HLA-DR, CCR5, CD21, IgD, CD80 and CD86) on lymphocytes were analyzed by flow cytometry. The counts of B cells decreased with age, but those of CD8+ T cells and NK cells and the frequency of CD38+HLA-DR+CD4+ T cells were positively correlated with age. The counts of leukocyte subpopulations were higher in males than those in females except for CD4+ T cells. Males also showed higher expression levels of Ig D and CD21 within B cells. This study provides basic data about the leukocyte subpopulations of northern pig-tailed macaques and compares this species with commonly used Chinese rhesus macaques(M. mulatta), which is meaningful for the biomedical application of northern pig-tailed macaques.

Molecular cloning and anti-HIV-1 activities of APOBEC3s from northern pig-tailed macaques(Macaca leonina)

Northern pig-tailed macaques （NPMs, Macaca leonina） are susceptible to HIV-1 infection largely due to the loss of HIV-l-restricting factor TRIM5a. However, great impediments still exist in the persistent replication of HIV-1 in vivo, suggesting some viral restriction factors are reserved in this host The APOBEC3 proteins have demonstrated a capacity to restrict HIV-1 replication, but their inhibitory effects in NPMs remain elusive. In this study, we cloned the NPM A3A-A3H genes, and determined by BLAST searching that their coding sequences （CDSs） showed 99% identity to the corresponding counterparts from rhesus and southern pig-tailed macaques. We further analyzed the anti-HIV-1 activities of the A3A-A3H genes, and found that A3G and A3F had the greatest anti-HIV-1 activity compared with that of other members. The results of this study indicate that A3G and A3F might play critical roles in limiting HIV-1 replication in NPMs in vivo. Furthermore, this research provides valuable information for the optimization of monkey models of HIV-1 infection.

HIV-1 can infect northern pig-tailed macaques(Macaca leonina) and form viral reservoirs in vivo

Viral reservoirs of HIV-1 are a major obstacle for curing AIDS. The novel animal models that can be directly infected with HIV-I will contribute to develop effective strategies for eradicating infections. Here, we inoculated 4 northern pig-tailed macaques （NPM） with the HIV-1 strain HIV-1NL4.3 and moni- tored the infection for approximately 3 years （150 weeks）. The HIV-l-infected NPMs showed transient viremia for about 10 weeks after infection. However, cell-associated proviral DNA and viral RNA persisted in the peripheral blood and lymphoid organs for about 3 years. Moreover, replication-competent HIV-1 could be successfully recovered from peripheral blood mononuclear cells （PBMCs） during long-term infection. The numbers of resting CD4~ T cells in HIV-1 infected NPMs harboring proviruses fell within a range of 2- to 3-1oglo per million cells, and these proviruses could be reactivated both ex vivo and in vivo in response to co-stimulation with the latency-reversing agents JQ1 and prostratin. Our results suggested that NPMs can be infected with HIV-1 and a long-term viral reservoir was formed in NPMs, which might serve as a potential model for HIV-1 reservoir research.

磁BAF工艺深度处理养猪废水生化尾水

为实现养猪废水生化尾水资源化,取荆州市某养猪企业污水处理站A~2O工艺出水,将其混凝预处理后分别送入以磁性陶粒、普通陶粒为填料构建的曝气生物滤池,探究磁场作用下装置去除污染物的效果以及磁场对微生物比耗氧速率、硝化速率的影响。实验结果表明,在m(污泥):m(高岭土):m(磁粉)=3:1:4,预热温度为300℃,焙烧温度为1 000℃条件下制备所得的磁性陶粒的机械性能最好;在相同条件下,磁场通过提高微生物比耗氧速率、硝化速率使得曝气生物滤池启动挂膜时间更短,且稳定阶段对污染物去除效果较普通曝气生物滤池更优;当陶粒充磁为2.8 mT,HRT为8 h,DO为4~5 mg/L时,系统运行最佳,对COD、NH_(4)^(+)-N的去除率可分别达76.1%、93.8%,出水中溶解性微生物副产物与类富里酸物质几乎消失,仅存少量分子结构复杂、化学性质较稳定的腐殖酸类物质,满足《污水综合排放标准》(GB 8978—1996)中一级标准。

10F猪尾引流管在单孔胸腔镜肺叶切除术中的应用

目的 探讨10F猪尾引流管在单孔胸腔镜肺叶切除术中对患者术后切口疼痛及引流效果的影响。方法 选取河北中医药大学第一附属医院120例采用单孔胸腔镜肺叶切除的肺癌患者,分为对照组和观察组,每组60例。术后对照组患者采用28F硅胶引流管1根从偏向手术切口的一侧放置于后纵隔;观察组患者采用10F猪尾引流管于腋后线第7肋间水平放置于后纵隔(若为上叶或中叶切除,于锁骨中线第2肋间加放1根10F猪尾引流管)。比较2组患者术后第1、3、5天疼痛评分及术后手术切口愈合情况,拔管时间,总引流量。记录2组患者术后皮下气肿、肺不张、再次插管发生率。结果 2组患者术后总引流量,拔管时间,皮下气肿、肺不张、再次插管发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);观察组患者术后切口愈合优于对照组(P<0.05),术后切口疼痛评分明显低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论 单孔胸腔镜肺叶切除术后应用10F猪尾引流管,可以减轻术后切口疼痛,保证术后胸水、积气的引流效果,同时不增加肺部并发症。

面向长尾分布问题的猪只上方体况研究

针对猪只养殖的无人化、智能化问题,本文对传统猪只体况评分方法做出改进,提出一种通过上方进行猪只体况评分的方法,并使用线性插值法作为新的体况评分方式。以Resnet-50网络为基础,引入卷积核注意力机制模块增强对不同体况猪只的特征提取。加入标签平滑算法以及特征平滑分布算法以解决猪只上方体况中存在的长尾分布问题。此外,使用猪场采集的数据制作猪只上方体况数据集,实验结果表明,改进后网络在测试中可达到85.5%的准确率,较原网络提升了3.5%;平均绝对误差和均方误差分别为42.7%和28.5%,较原网络分别降低12.7%和18.7%。通过实验验证猪只上方体况研究的可行性以及所使用方法在提升模型处理长尾分布问题上的有效性。

改良FIASCO方法筛选砷超富集植物蜈蚣草SSR分子标记(英文)

蜈蚣草（Pteris vittata L.）是目前用于砷污染土壤修复最好的超富集植物,但其分子水平上的研究数据较少。为了开发蜈蚣草特异性SSR遗传标记,本文采用改良的FIASCO方法从蜈蚣草AG和AC微卫星富集文库中随机挑选100个克隆,分离得到51个微卫星位点,其中60%为完美型（Perfect）SSR。根据这些位点设计、合成了25对引物,并对江西庐山及湖北恩施两地蜈蚣草种群各20个个体进行了遗传多样性检测,结果发现：其中8个完美型及1个间断型（intermittent）SSR位点的引物能够扩增出清晰、稳定且具有多态性的条带。9对引物共扩增出41个等位基因,各位点等位基因数在2~7之间,平均等位基因数为4.56个;期望杂合度在0.0494~0.8169之间;没有连锁不平衡现象发生。采用大叶井栏边草（Pteris multifida Poir.）进行跨种扩增,结果发现其中6对引物能够进行种间扩增。这些SSR分子标记的开发有助于蜈蚣草生态适应性进化分析、揭示蜈蚣草地理分布格局以及探讨蜈蚣草遗传多样性,还可用于品种鉴定及选育等。

北平顶猴(Macaca leonina)血液学和血液生化指标参考值的测定与分析

平顶猴是重要的非人灵长类实验动物,广泛应用于艾滋病等重大疾病的动物模型研究。平顶猴分为明打威猴、巽他平顶猴和北平顶猴三个种。我国及周边东南亚国家分布的平顶猴为北平顶猴。该文测定和分析了青幼年(2～4a)和成年(5～10a)北平顶猴的血液学和血液生化指标参考值。结果表明个体性别、年龄和体重等对该指标均有影响。雌性个体的红细胞数、血红蛋白和碱性磷酸酶均低于雄性个体。青幼年个体的白细胞数、淋巴细胞数、单核细胞数、血小板分布宽度、碱性磷酸酶、天冬氨酸转氨酶和胆固醇均高于成年猴,而肌酐和甘油三酯则低于成年猴。个体体重与青年猴的平均血红蛋白含量和肌酐正相关,与成年猴的平均血红蛋白含量、粒细胞百分比、血红蛋白和肌酐正相关,而与成年猴的淋巴细胞数、淋巴细胞百分比、红细胞分布宽度变异系数、天冬氨酸转氨酶和胆固醇负相关。该研究提供的北平顶猴血液学和血液生化指标参考值范围,对其基础研究、疾病诊断和模型建立等具有重要意义。

改良胸腔引流方式在单孔胸腔镜下肺癌根治术后患者中的应用

目的探讨改良胸腔引流方式在单孔胸腔镜下肺癌根治术后的应用效果。方法便利抽样选取某院胸心外科2018年2月至2019年6月收治的单孔胸腔镜下肺癌根治术后患者100例,采用随机数表法分为观察组和对照组各50例。观察组采用猪尾巴导管于切口下2肋间置管后3M弹力胶布高举平台法固定,对照组采用传统24 FR胸腔引流管于单孔切口处置管并予缝线结扎固定,比较两组患者的临床疗效、疼痛程度、并发症发生率、引流效果及术后住院时间。结果两组患者的临床疗效差异无统计学意义(P=0.755);观察组患者的疼痛程度、肺不张及切口愈合不良的发生率低于对照组,引流管留置时间及术后住院时间短于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05或P<0.01)。结论单孔胸腔镜下肺癌根治术后采用改良胸腔引流方式,不仅减轻了患者的疼痛,而且引流效果充分,降低了切口愈合不良、肺不张等并发症的发生率,有助于缩短住院时间,促进患者康复。

Replication potentials of HIV-1/HSIV in PBMCs from northern pigtailed macaque （Macaca leonina）

The northern pig-tailed macaque （Macaca leonina） has been identified as an independent species of Old World monkey, and we previously found that PBMCs from M. leonina were susceptible to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 （HIV-1）, which may be due to the absence of a TRIM5 protein restricting HIV-1 replication. Here we investigated the infection potentials of six laboratory adapted HIV-1 strains and three primary HIV-1 isolates in PBMCs from M. leonina. The results indicate that these strains are characterized by various but low replication levels, and among which, HIV-INL4-3 shows the highest replication ability. Based on the abundant evidence of species-specific interactions between restriction factors APOBEC3 and HIV/SIV-derived Vif protein, we subsequently examined the replication potentials of v/f-substituted HIV-1 （HSIV） in M. leonina PBMCs. Notably, HSIV-vifmac and stHIV-lsv chimeras, two HIV-1Ni.4-3-derived viruses encoding the viral infectivity factor （Vif） protein from SIVmac239, replicated robustly in cells from M. leonina, which suggests that HSIV could effectively antagonize the antiviral activity of APOBEC3 proteins expressed in cells of M. leonina. Therefore, our data demonstrate that M. leonina has the potential to be developed into a promising animal model for human AIDS.

猪尾巴导管留置行腹腔热灌注化疗治疗恶性腹水

目的:探讨药学干预结合猪尾巴导管在腹腔热灌注化疗中的应用对患者生存质量的影响。方法:将2009年8月至2013年8月216例接受腹腔热灌注化疗的患者随机分为两组,试验组采用药学干预结合猪尾巴导管留置行腹腔热灌注化疗,对照组采用传统腹腔穿刺法。对患者的近期疗效、不良反应以及生存质量进行对比。结果:试验组的总有效率(RR=CR+PR)为67.3%,对照组为58.5%,差异无统计学意义(P=0.142)。两组间不良反应差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。试验组的KPS评分提高率为68.5%,对照组为54.6%,差异有统计学意义(P=0.036)。试验组患者总健康状况评分较对照组明显提高(P=0.029),恶心、呕吐和食欲丧失的症状评分较对照组降低(P=0.026,P=0.044)。结论:使用猪尾巴导管留置结合药学干预对腹腔热灌注化疗近期疗效及不良反应无影响,可提高患者生存质量。

猪尾巴导管加负压引流与传统胸腔闭式引流治疗液气胸的效果比较

目的探讨猪尾巴导管(一次性引流导管)加负压引流治疗液气胸效果与临床价值。方法将78例液气胸患者采用随机数字法分为两组,39例给予猪尾巴导管加负压引流(观察组),39例给予传统胸腔闭式引流(对照组),比较两组治疗效果及其他指标。结果猪尾巴导管加负压引流治疗液气胸在疼痛程度、手术时间、手术切口等方面的疗效优于传统胸腔闭式引流,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论猪尾巴导管加负压引流治疗液气胸疗效确切明显,具有手术时间短、患者痛苦程度轻、无明显并发症、无手术切口的优点,可改善患者生活质量。

响应曲面法对泡椒猪尾工艺的优化

以猪尾为原料,采用响应曲面法,以泡椒猪尾的感官评分为指标,优化了泡椒猪尾的工艺条件。结果表明,优化后的最佳工艺条件为食盐添加量5.30%,乳酸添加量1.00%,泡制时间32 h。在此条件下生产的泡椒猪尾外观形态完整、色泽洁白或淡黄色,口感酸咸适中、嫩脆,具有明显的泡菜清香味和泡椒肉制品独特的香气,感官评分为9.30分,与模型的预测值9.26分接近,表明该模型可行。

基于YOLO v3与图结构模型的群养猪只头尾辨别方法

在利用视频监控技术对群养猪只进行自动行为监测时,对猪只准确定位并辨别其头尾位置对提高监测水平至关重要,基于此提出一种基于YOLO v3(You only look once v3)模型与图结构模型(Pictorial structure models)的猪只头尾辨别方法。首先,利用基于深度卷积神经网络的YOLO v3目标检测模型,训练猪只整体及其头部和尾部3类目标的检测器,从而在输入图像中获得猪只整体及头尾部所有的检测结果;然后,引入图结构模型,描述猪只的头尾结构特征,对每个猪只整体检测矩形框内的头尾部位组合计算匹配得分,选择最优的部位组合方式;对部分部位漏检的情况,采取阈值分割与前景椭圆拟合的方法,根据椭圆长轴推理出缺失部位。在实际猪场环境下,通过俯拍获得猪舍监控视频,建立了图像数据集,并进行了检测实验。实验结果表明,与直接利用YOLO v3模型相比,本文方法对头尾定位的精确率和召回率均有一定提高。本文方法对猪只头尾辨别精确率达到96.22%,与其他方法相比具有明显优势。

卤制猪尾的加工工艺

主要讨论了软包装卤制猪尾的加工工艺及技术要点。

基于头尾定位的群养猪运动轨迹追踪

猪的头/尾位置直观反映了猪的进食、饮水、争斗、追逐等日常活动。从群养猪俯视视频中有效分割粘连的猪个体,找出猪的头/尾部,并以头/尾坐标实现较精准的运动轨迹追踪有着较大的难度。该研究采用改进分水岭分割算法分割视频图像帧中的粘连猪个体;对分割后的猪体提取头/尾轮廓,分别用类Hough聚类和圆度识别算法识别每头猪的头/尾,用运动趋势算法修正头/尾识别的误差,生成以头/尾部为定位坐标的运动轨迹。运算结果和人工标记对比证明类Hough聚类和圆度识别算法的头尾识别正确率分别为71.79%和79.67%;经过运动趋势修正后,以头部为定位坐标生成的运动轨迹与人工标记生成运动轨迹吻合良好;对比头/尾轨迹和质心轨迹可以发现,头/尾轨迹能够更多获取猪个体和群体活动、运动信息。该研究对于实现自动记录和分析猪个体和群体的活动行为提供新的思路和方法。

平顶猴直肠脱的综合防治措施

介绍了在人工驯养繁殖过程中平顶猴发生直肠脱疾病的主要原因,并提出了有效的综合预防及治疗措施。

猪尾巴管在胸腔积液行胸腔闭式引流术中的应用研究

目的探讨猪尾巴管在胸腔积液行胸腔闭式引流术中的应用。方法选取2015年1月至2017年5月间在我院因胸腔积液行猪尾巴管的胸腔闭式引流术患者168例作为观察组,同期用常规胸管行胸腔闭式引流术患者44例作为对照组。比较两种手术方式对胸腔积液治疗效果、拔管时间、切口愈合时间、并发症等。结果两组患者的疗效、治疗费用无统计学意义(P>0.05)。观察组的手术时间、切口愈合时间、拔管时间短于对照组,术后并发症少于对照组,疼痛程度轻于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论猪尾巴管的治疗胸腔积液的效果与常规胸管相当,但其创伤小,导管舒适度和并发症方面显著优于常规胸管,值得临床推广。