Distribution and ultrastructure of pigment cells in the skins of normal and albino adult turbot, Scophthalmus Maximus

The distribution and ultrastructure of pigment cells in skins of normal and albino adult turbots were examined with transmission electron microscopy （TEM）. Three types of pigment cells of melanophore, iridophore and xanthophore have been recognized in adult turbot skins. The skin color depends mainly on the amount and distribution of melanophore and iridophore, as xanthophore is quite rare. No pigment cells can be found in the epidermis of the skins. In the pigmented ocular skin of the turbot, melanophore and iridophore are usually co-localized in the dermis. This is quite different from the distribution in larvae skin. In albino and white blind skins of adult turbots, however, only iridophore monolayer still exists, while the melanophore monolayer disappears. This cytological evidence explains why the albino adult turbot, unlike its larvae, could never resume its body color no matter what enviroumental and nutritional conditions were provided. Endocytosis is quite active in the cellular membrane of the iridophore. This might be related to the formation of reflective platelet and stability of the iridophore.

Characterization of a New Methodology Based on the Intensity of Skin Staining of Ornamental Fish with Applications in Nutrition

The colors presented in ornamental fish determine their acceptability in the market, which is one of the main factors which determine their price. Selecting the fish by only looking at them makes the result analysis based in statistics difficult. Thus, it has become necessary to develop a method of quantification for practical use, which will apply minimal stress to the fish while being economically feasible. The proposed method uses a technique which converts the colors of interest to numerical indexes usable in statistical methods of higher precision. The results increase the abilities of fish nutrition researchers aiming to intensify the color characteristics of fish through selective breeding and genetic engineering with the intent of reliably achieving the desired visual characteristics for commercialization.

Acne on Pigmented Skin: Epidemiological, Clinical and Therapeutic Features in Dermatology in Benin

Purpose: The aim of this work was to describe the epidemiological, clinical and therapeutic features of pigmented skin acne in Benin. Methods: This was a prospective, cross-sectional and analytical study conducted in the dermatology departments of the Borgou-Alibori Departmental Teaching Hospital and the National Teaching Hospital Hubert Koutoukou Maga from January 2017 to December 2018, which has included black-skinned patients who were diagnosed with acne and gave their free and informed consent. The ECLA score was used for clinical evaluation of the severity of the acne. Results: We collected 129 patients including 35 men and 94 women. The median age of the patient was 24.6 years ± 8.5 years. The median age of onset was 17.9 years ± 7.6 years. The main triggering of worsening factors was inadequate self-medication (53.5%), excoriation (48.1%), certain foods (34.9%) and lightening cosmetic (32.5%). Most patients had inflammatory (51.9%) or comedonal (31.8%) acne associated with post-inflammatory hyperpigmentations (70.5%) and excoriated lesions (31%). In the majority of cases, acne was moderate in women (52.1%) and severe in men (62.8%) with p = 9 × 10-3. The lesions were electively seated in the face (95.3%), mainly on the forehead and cheeks. Active cosmetics (76.7%), retinoids (58.9%), oral antibiotics (55.8%), and benzoyl peroxide (48.9%) were the most commonly used therapeutic classes. Conclusion: The majority of young and adult women consulted for predominant inflammatory acne on the forehead and cheeks, moderate in woman and severe in men in Benin. The therapeutic arsenal consisted mainly of active cosmetics, retinoids, antibiotics and benzoyl peroxide.

Validation of a Questionnaire to Diagnose the Baumann Skin Type in All Ethnicities and in Various Geographic Locations

The Baumann Skin Typing System diagnoses patients as having one of 16 skin types based on their answers to a validated questionnaire [i] known as the Baumann Skin Type Indicator [ii]. The BSTI questionnaire has been tested over the last decade on over 200,000 people of various ages and ethnicities in different geographic locations around the world. In this study, data were collected from 52,862 patients to compare skin type prevalence between those who presented to doctor’s offices and those who took the quiz without supervision online. The most common skin types varied only slightly between patients that took the quiz online and those that completed the questionnaire in their doctor’s office. This indicates that the prevalence of skin types seen in the doctor’s office is similar to that in the general population and that supervision is not necessary to get an accurate result on the BSTI. [iii] In addition, comparison of data gathered in China, Korea, and the US did not show a significant difference in skin type prevalence between Asian and Caucasian skin types. [iv] This study demonstrates that the English version of the BSTI is valid for English speaking patients online, and in doctors’ offices in the US, China and Korea.

Biomedical overview of melanin.1.Updating melanin biology and chemistry,physico-chemical properties,melanoma tumors,and photothermal therapy

Melanins(eumelanin,pheomelanin,and allomelanin)represent a very,if not themost,important group of biological pigments.Their biological roles are multiple,from photoprotection to antioxidant activity,heavy metal disposal or the myriad uses of color in organisms across all Phyla.In the first part of this review,eumelanin biology and some chemical aspects will be presented,as well as key physico-chemical features that make this biological pigment so interesting.The principal characteristics of the melanocyte,the melanin-synthesizing cell in mammals,will also be introduced.Transformed melanocytes are the cause of one of the most devastating known cancers:the malignant melanoma.Epidemiology and molecular signaling aspects will be presented next,as well as the principal advances in promising oncotherapies designed and applied for the treatment of melanoma.In particular,on account of the photo-physical properties of melanin,special details will be provided regarding the use of photothermal therapy for melanoma treatment.

Skin photobiological effect induced by BL:Clinical manifestation,mechanisms,and protection against photodamages

Over the last decade,the rapid advances of life sciences have significantly increased public awareness and comprehension of dermatological knowledge,resulting in widespread acceptance of scientific skincare in society.The scope of photoprotection has expanded to encompass not only ultraviolet radiation but also visible light(including blue light).Furthermore,photoprotection methods have evolved from light blocking to the repair of cellular damage caused by prolonged light exposure via biological signaling pathways.Blue light(BL)is the portion of sunlight between 400 nm(violet)and 500 nm(cyan),that can penetrate deep into biological tissues,with up to 20%reaching subcutaneous tissues.Similar to UV damage,BL can cause oxidative stress,persistent pigmentation,and extracellular matrix degradation,resulting in skin symptoms such as hyperpigmentation,dullness,lack of radiance,uneven skin tone,and wrinkles.This study investigates the clinical manifestations of BL-induced skin photodamages,as well as the underlying biological mechanisms and proposes rational photoaging prevention strategies.

Pigmented hidroacanthoma simplex:A diagnostic pitfall

Hidroacanthoma simplex(HAS) is a rare skin appendage tumor and is recognized as an intraepidermal variant of poroma. Pigmented HAS is an extremely rare variant with dendritic melanocytes and/or melanin pigment in the tumor cells and a few cases of pigmented HAS have been reported in the English literature. We herein report a case of pigmented HAS and discuss the clinicopathological features of pigmented HAS and the pitfall in the diagnosis of black lesions.

Retrospective Analysis of Outcomes with a Unique IPL System

Introduction: Intense Pulsed Light (IPL) technology is well accepted in the medical aesthetic field for the treatment of various skin lesions, including pigmented and vascular lesions. The light penetrates into the skin and is selectively absorbed by lesion chromophore. Absorbed energy is converted into heat, coagulating the lesion, which naturally fades following the treatment. The current article presents a retrospective efficacy evaluation of an IPL device with high peak power. Methods: Representative treatment results were collected from several clinics based on photographs taken at baseline and after treatments. Photos were evaluated and analyzed for aesthetic improvement of the various skin conditions in different facial and body areas. Results: Analysis included cases of pigmented and vascular lesions, textural lesions, and more specific conditions such as melasma and rosacea. The two evaluators’ scoring demonstrated improvement in all cases according to the Global Aesthetic Improvement Scale (GAIS) scale. Conclusion: The vast experience gathered from the market in treating various skin lesions supports the safety and efficacy of the investigated IPL device. The device’s particular specifications contribute to the successful results and ease of treatment for the practitioner and the patient.

Malignant melanoma in the pediatric population

Controversial pigmented lesions in children are a problem for pathologist, clinicians and families that are confronted with this dilemma. Some skin lesions in this population defy diagnosis with pathologists split between a benign diagnosis and a cancer diagnosis. Three cases of controversial pigmented lesions in the pediatric population are presented. Three patients underwent radical resection of the controversial pigmented lesion, intra-operative lymphatic mapping and sentinel lymph node(SLN) biopsy. Due to the low morbidity of the SLN procedure a case is made to perform lymphatic mapping in this clinical scenario. If the SLNs are negative, not much is lost except for the scar and this becomes another line of evidence that perhaps the original lesion was benign. If the SLN shows metastatic cells, then the original skin lesion must be malignant and the patient is offered stage Ⅲ recommendations that would include complete node dissections and adjuvant Interferon therapy. This strategy provides for adequate treatment of the worse-case scenario, that the skin lesion is malignant. The cost to the patient is a low morbidity procedure, the SLN biopsy.

强脉冲光联合类人胶原蛋白敷料治疗面部色素沉着的疗效及相关测评指标变化评析

目的:探究强脉冲光联合类人胶原蛋白敷料治疗面部色素沉着的疗效以及对VISIA系统色素沉着评分和表皮油脂量、TEWL的影响。方法:选取从2021年1月-2022年6月在笔者医院收治的100例女性面部色素沉着患者,将所有患者按随机数字表法分配为对照组(n=50)、观察组(n=50),对照组使用强脉冲光治疗,观察组在对照组的基础上联合类人胶原蛋白敷料治疗;比较两组患者的疗效、VISIA系统色素沉着评分、皮肤屏障功能:包括表皮含水量、表皮油脂含量和经皮水分丢失量(TEWL)、SAS、DLQI评分的变化情况和不良反应的发生情况。结果:观察组患者治疗后总有效率(88.00%,44/50)高于对照组(P<0.05);与治疗前相比,治疗后观察组和对照组的VISIA系统色素沉着评分、TEWL、SAS、DLQI评分显著降低,表皮含水量、表皮油脂含量显著升高(P<0.05),治疗后与对照组相比,观察组的VISIA系统色素沉着评分、TEWL、SAS、DLQI评分显著降低,表皮含水量、表皮油脂含量显著升高(P<0.05);不良反应发生率,观察组和对照组比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:强脉冲光联合类人胶原蛋白敷料治疗面部色素沉着的效果显著,可以促进色素沉着消退,改善皮肤屏障功能,改善患者生活质量和心理状态,且安全性较高。

566例头面部色素痣样皮损的临床病理特征及误诊原因分析

目的探讨566例头面部色素痣样皮损的临床及病理学特点,比较临床诊断与病理诊断的符合率,提高临床医师对色素痣样皮损的认识及相关皮肤病的鉴别诊断。方法回顾性分析566例头面部色素痣样皮损患者的临床资料,采用临床诊断、皮肤镜检查和病理活检等方法,分析不同年龄和性别中各种色素痣样皮损皮肤病的分布情况及误诊情况。结果566例中,男性267例,女性299例;病理诊断为色素痣245例,脂溢性角化病210例,蓝痣26例,基底细胞癌3例,疣状表皮痣71例,其他如皮脂腺痣、皮脂腺增生、雀斑样痣、皮脂腺囊肿、毛发上皮瘤等共11例。色素痣样皮损发病部位多在两颊部(36.9%),其次为额部、头皮、耳周和眼周(占比分别为19.3%、11.7%、11.3%和10.8%),前颈仅占2.1%。临床诊断与皮肤镜和活检病理诊断一致的病例为486例,总符合率为85.9%,误诊率为14.1%。结论色素痣样皮损临床诊断为色素痣符合率较高,但仍存在一定程度的误诊情况,应适当采用辅助检查以明确诊断。

强脉冲光配合异维A酸红霉素凝胶治疗寻常型痤疮对患者皮损症状、色素沉着情况的影响

目的探讨强脉冲光配合异维A酸红霉素凝胶治疗寻常型痤疮对患者皮损症状、色素沉着情况的影响。方法回顾性分析2022年5月至2023年3月聊城市人民医院皮肤科收治的116例寻常型痤疮患者,按照治疗方式的不同分为对照组和研究组,各58例。对照组采用异维A酸红霉素凝胶治疗,研究组在此基础上联合强脉冲光治疗。对比两组临床疗效、色素沉着情况、红斑程度、痤疮病情、皮肤屏障功能、不良反应。结果观察组治疗总有效率(96.43%),高于对照组治疗总有效率(71.43%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后,观察组色素沉着情况、红斑程度分值比对照组明显降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组卡迪夫痤疮伤残指数(CADI)评分以及痤疮综合分级系统(GAGS)评分显著降低,且观察组分值比对照组降低明显,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组经皮水分丢失量(TEWL)、油脂含量值显著降低,且观察组比对照组显著降低,两组皮肤含水量显著提升,且观察组比对照组提升明显,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组面部皮肤干燥、面部皮肤潮红、面部局部脱皮、面部红斑烧灼感比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论采用强脉冲光联合异维A酸红霉素凝胶治疗寻常型痤疮,可有效缓解痤疮病情,增强其疗效,减少色素沉着以及红斑情况,提升皮肤屏障功能,且安全性较好。

色素增加性皮肤病患者治疗中激光与中医药联合应用研究

目的探讨激光联合中医药治疗色素增加性皮肤病的临床效果,为临床研究提供参考。方法选取2019年1月—2022年1月滨州医学院附属医院收治的78例色素增加性皮肤病患者作为研究对象,依据随机数表法将所有患者分为参照组和研究组,每组39例。参照组采用激光治疗,研究组在参照组治疗基础上联合中医药治疗,统计并分析两组患者治疗前后皮肤生理指标[pH、角质层含水量、皮肤经水分丢失(TWEL)]、性激素水平[雌二醇(E2)、黄体生成素(LH)、促卵泡生成素(FSH)、孕酮(Pro)]、色素沉着面积、色素沉着评分改善状况,皮肤的结痂、愈合时间与痂皮脱落时间、治疗总有效率和不良反应发生率。结果治疗前组间角质层含水量、pH、TWEL指标、E2、Pro、LH、FSH水平、色素沉着评分、色素沉着面积及治疗后pH比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),但研究组治疗后的TWEL指标、LH、E2、Pro、FSH水平、色素沉着评分和不良反应发生率均比参照组低,角质层含水量、治疗总有效率高于参照组,且色素沉着面积较参照组小,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论色素增加性皮肤病患者采用激光联合中医药治疗,不但可以增强皮肤屏障功能,降低患者性激素水平,还能有效避免皮肤色素沉重,加快皮肤结痂、愈合,有效提升治疗效果,且不良反应较少,提高患者的治疗安全性,具有显著的临床疗效,值得临床应用。

合并皮肤色素沉着的抗Hu、抗Amphiphysin抗体阳性副肿瘤性感觉神经元病一例

目的 提高对合并罕见临床症状的双抗体阳性副肿瘤感觉神经元病(PSN)的认识。方法 报道1例合并皮肤色素沉着的双抗体阳性PSN患者,分析其临床资料。结果 患者女性,58岁,以四肢不对称性麻木无力为主要表现,查血清副肿瘤抗体谱:抗Hu抗体(+)、抗Amphiphysin抗体(+),查体发现患者双手及腹部皮肤色素沉着,结合病史及检查结果高度怀疑副肿瘤综合征,但初步检查未发现肿瘤病灶,应用地塞米松及免疫球蛋白后效果不佳,行血浆置换后症状减轻。6个月后患者复查PET-CT发现存在肺部肿瘤,纵隔淋巴结活检病理证实为小细胞肺癌,诊断为“PSN”,后患者转入肿瘤科进一步治疗。结论 高风险副肿瘤自身抗体如抗Hu、抗Amphiphysin抗体对副肿瘤综合征的诊断具有重要意义,不明原因的皮肤色素沉着应引起临床医生的重视,警惕副肿瘤综合征的可能。

虾青素对赤点石斑鱼生长、体色、皮肤色素和抗氧化性的影响

【目的】探究虾青素对赤点石斑鱼(Epinephelus akaara)生长、体色、皮肤色素和抗氧化性的影响,为虾青素在赤斑石斑鱼饲料中的应用及功效评价提供科学依据。【方法】在赤斑石斑鱼基础饲料中分别添加虾青素0、100、200、400和800 mg/kg,制成5种等氮等脂饲料,分别记为AST0(对照)、AST100、AST200、AST400和AST800组,饲喂初始体质量(6.17±0.26)g、全长(7.84±0.54)cm的赤点石斑鱼90 d,测定石斑鱼生长性能指标,用色差仪测定石斑鱼体色参数,通过双抗体一步夹心法酶联免疫吸附实验(ELISA)测定石斑鱼皮肤中类胡萝卜素和黑色素,用试剂盒测定石斑鱼肝脏总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)等抗氧化性能。【结果】与对照组比较,各实验组赤点石斑鱼的体质量、增重率、特定生长率、存活率、饲料系数和肥满度均无显著差异(P> 0.05),AST800组的肝体指数显著降低(P <0.05)。随着饲料中虾青素添加量的增加,赤点石斑鱼的头部、体侧和尾部的皮肤斑点变橙黄色,腹鳍基部变深红色;鱼鳍上的色素团分布均呈背鳍、臀鳍和尾鳍色素细胞密度较高,胸鳍和腹鳍色素细胞密度较低的规律;虾青素添加组腹鳍中黄色素细胞和红色素细胞的数量增加。各虾青素添加组鳃盖、背部和尾柄皮肤与胸鳍、背鳍的亮度(L^(*))较对照组显著升高(P <0.05),鳃盖皮肤和背鳍的红度(a^(*))较对照组显著升高(P <0.05),鳃盖、背部、腹部和尾柄皮肤与胸鳍、背鳍和尾鳍的黄度(b^(*))较对照组显著升高(P <0.05)。饲料中添加虾青素显著增加赤点石斑鱼背部和腹部皮肤的类胡萝卜素浓度(P <0.05),以及腹部皮肤黑色素浓度(P <0.05)。赤点石斑鱼肝脏T-AOC、过氧化氢酶、超氧化物歧化酶、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性随饲料中虾青素添加量的增加而显著升高(P <0.05),丙二醛含量随饲料中虾青素添加量的升高而显著降低(P <0.05)。【结论】饲料中添加虾青素未显著影响体质量、增重率和特定生长率,显著改善赤点石斑鱼的体色、内在色素沉着,提高肝脏抗氧化能力。综合生长、体色、皮肤色素含量、抗氧化性数据,赤点石斑鱼饲料中适宜虾青素添加量为200~400 mg/kg。

荸荠皮棕色素在食品加工与贮藏中的稳定性及抗氧化性研究

探讨荸荠皮棕色素在马蹄糕、油炸薯条加工与米醋贮藏中的稳定性及相同条件模拟处理下的抗氧化活性变化。将自制的荸荠皮棕色素提取物应用于马蹄糕(蒸煮)、薯条(油炸)、米醋(低pH贮藏)等典型食品加工或贮藏中,以色价及其变化率、总色差及其变化率为指标探讨其稳定性,并通过模拟加工条件处理后,研究荸荠皮棕色素的抗氧化活性变化。研究表明,荸荠皮棕色素适用于马蹄糕蒸煮加工,蒸煮时间20 min为宜;荸荠皮棕色素可用于油炸薯条加工,以190℃下油炸60 s最佳;荸荠皮棕色素不适用于35℃下紫外光照及低pH (2.45)的米醋贮藏。经模拟条件处理后的荸荠皮棕色素ASTS、DPPH清除能力均下降,抗氧化活性降低。

火龙果色素提取工艺及其稳定性研究

火龙果色泽艳丽,是一种广受喜爱的水果,含有很多天然,安全无毒的红色素。本文选用市售的红皮白肉火龙果作为原料,采用溶剂提取法作为色素的提取方法,经过单因素实验得出最优提取的工艺条件为:体积分数50%乙醇为提取剂、料液比为1∶20(g∶mL)、提取时间为50 min、提取温度为30℃。经过三因素三水平的响应面分析得到的最优提取的工艺条件为:料液比为1∶20.29(g∶mL)、提取时间为69.31 min、提取温度为29.61℃。通过温度试验、光照试验和pH值试验对红色素稳定性分析,得出火龙果果皮红色素的热稳定性较差;日光光照也会降低红色素的稳定性;在酸性条件下比碱性环境下更为稳定。

误诊为色素痣的其他疾病140例分析

目的分析其他相关疾病误诊为色素痣原因,并探讨防范措施,提高临床诊断水平。方法回顾性分析2019年1月—2022年12月宣城市人民医院病理数据库中140例初诊为色素痣,但经组织病理检查排除色素痣诊断的患者临床及组织病理资料。结果误诊为皮肤色素痣140例,男55例,女85例,年龄(46.64±15.27)岁。皮损发生部位:头面颈部55例,躯干部44例,四肢22例,手足部13例,外阴6例。经组织病理诊断为脂溢性角化病70例,血管角皮瘤9例,基底细胞癌8例,皮肤纤维瘤7例,角质层出血6例,寻常疣4例,表皮囊肿4例,表皮鳞状上皮增生3例,皮赘3例,日光性角化病2例,恶性黑素瘤2例,皮脂腺增生2例,毛发上皮瘤2例,汗孔瘤2例,钙化上皮瘤2例,其他14例。结论多种疾病与色素痣临床特征相似,临床误诊率较高,综合临床特征、皮肤镜检查、皮肤组织病理检查等可明确诊断,提高诊断率。

皮肤缝合器在儿童面部中、小型色素痣切除术后的应用

目的总结儿童面部中、小型色素痣切除术后的伤口一期应用一次性皮肤缝合器的效果。方法2019年7月至2023年9月,我科收治的67例面部中、小型色素痣儿童,年龄1~9岁,色素痣位于面部,最长径为15~50 mm,在色素痣切除及伤口减张缝合后,一期应用一次性皮肤缝合器进行伤口外减张。结果全部67例患儿术后伤口愈合良好,无出血、感染、裂开等伤口愈合不良情况,伤口瘢痕均为线状,随访期间无明显瘢痕增宽、瘢痕增生。结论儿童面部中、小型色素痣切除术后合理应用一次性皮肤缝合器,对于减少伤口张力、促进伤口愈合及减轻术后瘢痕等效果良好。

白藜芦醇延缓皮肤衰老的作用功效及应用研究进展

在简要概述白藜芦醇理化特性和来源的基础上,从抗皮肤光老化、抗皮肤氧化、抗皮肤色素沉着和抗皮肤皱纹4个方面,对白藜芦醇在延缓皮肤衰老方面的作用功效及其在化妆品应用中的研究进展进行综述。指出,白藜芦醇具有显著的抗皮肤衰老功效,并已在众多动物实验和临床实验研究中得到证实;在化妆品领域,白藜芦醇不仅以其保湿、紧致皮肤、美白及抗皱等多重抗衰老特性广泛应用于面霜、乳液及精华等多种产品剂型中,而且通过纳米脂质体系统对其进行包埋和递送,可以有效改善它的透皮渗透能力,进而提升其整体的护肤效果;然而,白藜芦醇仍存在稳定性较差、生物利用度低和高剂量口服具有一定毒性等问题,限制了其在化妆品中的更广泛应用。因此,未来还需对白藜芦醇进行全面科学的剂量研究和安全性评价,同时也需要开展更多的临床研究来验证其效果并推动其应用,从而为白藜芦醇作为化妆品和美容类产品中具有抗皮肤衰老的功能活性成分的开发和应用提供参考。