Three harmful algal bloom （HAB） species, Phaeocystis globosa, Thalassiosira rotula, and Prorocentrum donghaiense were isolated from the coast of China and cultured in batches at three light intensities （40, 70 and ...Three harmful algal bloom （HAB） species, Phaeocystis globosa, Thalassiosira rotula, and Prorocentrum donghaiense were isolated from the coast of China and cultured in batches at three light intensities （40, 70 and 150 μmol photons · m -2 · s -1 ）. The variation patterns of cell numbers and growth rates with light intensity during growth process were different among species. In P. globosa and T. rotula, maximum growth rates were found at 150 μmol photons · m -2 · s -1 and ranged from 0.60 divisions per day in T. rotula, to 1.17 divisions per day in P. globosa. The highest growth rate of P. donghaiense, however, was found at 70 μmol photons · m -2 · s -1 （0.36 divisions per day）. In general, all the three HAB species showed adaptation to increasing light intensity by decreasing cellular concentrations of chlorophyll a （Chl a）, but the variation patterns during the growth process were species-specific. The cellular concentrations of Chl a in P. donghaiense and T. rotula increased gradually with incubation time, but the opposite trend was found in P. globosa. Most of the pigment ratios and pigment indices of these three species were nearly constant during the growth process and showed small changes at different light intensities illustrating the applicability of chemotaxonomy during the initial and developing stages of HAB events, which is very important to study the ecological issues related to HAB species. Ratios of photoprotective carotenoids, such as diadinoxanthin, diatoxanthin and β, β-carotene to total chlorophylls a （Tchl a） showed the trend of increasing with the increase of light intensity during growth process. The species-specific and pigment-specific variations in pigment ratios/indices at different light intensities during growth process probably reflected the differences in the pigment composition as well as the adaption capabilities of different species to the changes of physical conditions.展开更多
The absorption spectrum of phytoplankton is an important bio-optical parameter for ocean color hyperspectral remote sensing;its magnitude and shape can be aff ected considerably by pigment composition and concentratio...The absorption spectrum of phytoplankton is an important bio-optical parameter for ocean color hyperspectral remote sensing;its magnitude and shape can be aff ected considerably by pigment composition and concentration. We conducted Gaussian decomposition to the absorption spectra of phytoplankton pigment and studied the spectral components of the phytoplankton, in which the package effect was investigated using pigment concentration data and phytoplankton absorption spectra. The decomposition results were compared with the corresponding concentrations of the five main pigment groups (chlorophylls a , b , and c , photo-synthetic carotenoids (PSC), and photo-protective carotenoids (PPC)). The results indicate that the majority of residual errors in the Gaussian decomposition are <0.001 m^-1 , and R 2 of the power regression between characteristic bands and HPLC pigment concentrations (except for chlorophyll b) was 0.65 or greater for surface water samples at autumn cruise. In addition, we determined a strong predictive capability for chlorophylls a , c , PPC, and PSC. We also tested the estimation of pigment concentrations from the empirical specific absorption coeffi cient of pigment composition. The empirical decomposition showed that the Ficek model was the closest to the original spectra with the smallest residual errors.The pigment decomposition results and HPLC measurements of pigment concentration are in a high consistency as the scatter plots are distributed largely near the 1:1 line in spite of prominent seasonal variations. The Wozniak model showed a better fit than the Ficek model for Ch1 a , and the median relative error was small. The pigment component information estimated from the phytoplankton absorption spectra can help better remote sensing of hyperspectral ocean color that related to the changes in phytoplankton communities and varieties.展开更多
The performance of pearlescent pigment significantly affected by the grain size and the roughness of deposited film. The effect of TiCl_(4) concentration on the initial deposition of TiO_(2) on mica by atmospheric pre...The performance of pearlescent pigment significantly affected by the grain size and the roughness of deposited film. The effect of TiCl_(4) concentration on the initial deposition of TiO_(2) on mica by atmospheric pressure chemical vapor deposition(APCVD) was investigated. The precursor concentration significantly affected the deposition and morphology of TiO_(2) grains assembling the film. The deposition time for fully covering the surface of mica decreased from 120 to 10 s as the TiCl_(4) concentration increased from 0.38%to 2.44%. The grain size increased with the TiCl_(4) concentration. The AFM and TEM analysis demonstrated that the aggregation of TiO_(2) clusters at the initial stage finally result to the agglomeration of fine TiO_(2) grains at high TiCl_(4) concentrations. Following the results, it was suggested that the nucleation density and size was easy to be adjusted when the TiCl_(4) concentration is below 0.90%.展开更多
This study used specularite, a high-gradient magnetic separation concentrate, as a raw material in reverse flotation.An iron concentrate with a grade of 65.1 wt% and a recovery rate of 75.31% were obtained.A centrifug...This study used specularite, a high-gradient magnetic separation concentrate, as a raw material in reverse flotation.An iron concentrate with a grade of 65.1 wt% and a recovery rate of 75.31% were obtained.A centrifugal concentrator served as the deep purification equipment for the preparation of iron oxide red pigments, and its optimal rotating drum speed, feed concentration, and other conditions were determined.Under optimal conditions, a high-purity iron oxide concentrate with a grade of 69.38 wt% and a recovery rate of 80.89% were obtained and used as a raw material for preparing iron oxide red pigment.Calcining with sulfuric acid produced iron red pigments with different hues.Simultaneously, middlings with a grade of 60.20 wt% and a recovery rate of 17.51% were obtained and could be used in blast furnace ironmaking.High-value utilization of specularite beneficiation products was thus achieved.展开更多
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)under contract Nos40806029 and 40676068the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China(863)under contract No.2006AA09Z178
文摘Three harmful algal bloom （HAB） species, Phaeocystis globosa, Thalassiosira rotula, and Prorocentrum donghaiense were isolated from the coast of China and cultured in batches at three light intensities （40, 70 and 150 μmol photons · m -2 · s -1 ）. The variation patterns of cell numbers and growth rates with light intensity during growth process were different among species. In P. globosa and T. rotula, maximum growth rates were found at 150 μmol photons · m -2 · s -1 and ranged from 0.60 divisions per day in T. rotula, to 1.17 divisions per day in P. globosa. The highest growth rate of P. donghaiense, however, was found at 70 μmol photons · m -2 · s -1 （0.36 divisions per day）. In general, all the three HAB species showed adaptation to increasing light intensity by decreasing cellular concentrations of chlorophyll a （Chl a）, but the variation patterns during the growth process were species-specific. The cellular concentrations of Chl a in P. donghaiense and T. rotula increased gradually with incubation time, but the opposite trend was found in P. globosa. Most of the pigment ratios and pigment indices of these three species were nearly constant during the growth process and showed small changes at different light intensities illustrating the applicability of chemotaxonomy during the initial and developing stages of HAB events, which is very important to study the ecological issues related to HAB species. Ratios of photoprotective carotenoids, such as diadinoxanthin, diatoxanthin and β, β-carotene to total chlorophylls a （Tchl a） showed the trend of increasing with the increase of light intensity during growth process. The species-specific and pigment-specific variations in pigment ratios/indices at different light intensities during growth process probably reflected the differences in the pigment composition as well as the adaption capabilities of different species to the changes of physical conditions.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.91638201,41276184,41771388 41471308,41571361,41701402)the Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.XDA2003030201)+2 种基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Nos.2017YFB0503005,2016YFC1400903,2016YFB0501502)the High Resolution Earth Observation Systems of National Science and Technology Major Projects(No.41-Y20A31-9003-15/17)the China-Sri Lanka Joint Research and Demonstration Center for Water Technology,and the State Development and Reform Commission’s Special Financial Projects(No.2017ST000602)
文摘The absorption spectrum of phytoplankton is an important bio-optical parameter for ocean color hyperspectral remote sensing;its magnitude and shape can be aff ected considerably by pigment composition and concentration. We conducted Gaussian decomposition to the absorption spectra of phytoplankton pigment and studied the spectral components of the phytoplankton, in which the package effect was investigated using pigment concentration data and phytoplankton absorption spectra. The decomposition results were compared with the corresponding concentrations of the five main pigment groups (chlorophylls a , b , and c , photo-synthetic carotenoids (PSC), and photo-protective carotenoids (PPC)). The results indicate that the majority of residual errors in the Gaussian decomposition are <0.001 m^-1 , and R 2 of the power regression between characteristic bands and HPLC pigment concentrations (except for chlorophyll b) was 0.65 or greater for surface water samples at autumn cruise. In addition, we determined a strong predictive capability for chlorophylls a , c , PPC, and PSC. We also tested the estimation of pigment concentrations from the empirical specific absorption coeffi cient of pigment composition. The empirical decomposition showed that the Ficek model was the closest to the original spectra with the smallest residual errors.The pigment decomposition results and HPLC measurements of pigment concentration are in a high consistency as the scatter plots are distributed largely near the 1:1 line in spite of prominent seasonal variations. The Wozniak model showed a better fit than the Ficek model for Ch1 a , and the median relative error was small. The pigment component information estimated from the phytoplankton absorption spectra can help better remote sensing of hyperspectral ocean color that related to the changes in phytoplankton communities and varieties.
基金the support from National Natural Science Foundation of China (22208355, 22178363 and 21978300)the financial support and mica samples from Changzi Wu and RIKA technology CO., LTD.
文摘The performance of pearlescent pigment significantly affected by the grain size and the roughness of deposited film. The effect of TiCl_(4) concentration on the initial deposition of TiO_(2) on mica by atmospheric pressure chemical vapor deposition(APCVD) was investigated. The precursor concentration significantly affected the deposition and morphology of TiO_(2) grains assembling the film. The deposition time for fully covering the surface of mica decreased from 120 to 10 s as the TiCl_(4) concentration increased from 0.38%to 2.44%. The grain size increased with the TiCl_(4) concentration. The AFM and TEM analysis demonstrated that the aggregation of TiO_(2) clusters at the initial stage finally result to the agglomeration of fine TiO_(2) grains at high TiCl_(4) concentrations. Following the results, it was suggested that the nucleation density and size was easy to be adjusted when the TiCl_(4) concentration is below 0.90%.
基金jointly funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.51304181)the Key Research Program of Frontier Sciences of Chinese Academy of Sciences (No.QYZDJ-SSW-JSC021)the Key Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences (No.ZDRW-ZS-2018-1)。
文摘This study used specularite, a high-gradient magnetic separation concentrate, as a raw material in reverse flotation.An iron concentrate with a grade of 65.1 wt% and a recovery rate of 75.31% were obtained.A centrifugal concentrator served as the deep purification equipment for the preparation of iron oxide red pigments, and its optimal rotating drum speed, feed concentration, and other conditions were determined.Under optimal conditions, a high-purity iron oxide concentrate with a grade of 69.38 wt% and a recovery rate of 80.89% were obtained and used as a raw material for preparing iron oxide red pigment.Calcining with sulfuric acid produced iron red pigments with different hues.Simultaneously, middlings with a grade of 60.20 wt% and a recovery rate of 17.51% were obtained and could be used in blast furnace ironmaking.High-value utilization of specularite beneficiation products was thus achieved.
