Medicinal plants and herbal preparations are gaining renowned interest in scientific communities nowadays due to their reliable pharmacological actions and affordability to common people which makes them effective in ...Medicinal plants and herbal preparations are gaining renowned interest in scientific communities nowadays due to their reliable pharmacological actions and affordability to common people which makes them effective in control of various diseases.Polygonum minus(Polygonaceae)locally known as kesuni is an aromatic plant commonly used in Malay delicacies.The plant is having potential applications due to its high volatile oil constituents in perfumes and powerful antioxidant activity.It has been used traditionally to treat various ailments including dandruff.The research has been carried out by various researchers using different in vitro and in vivo models for biological evaluations to support these claims.This review paper may help upcoming research activities on Polygonum minus by giving up to date information on the phytochemical constituents and medicinal properties of kesum to a possible extent with relevant data.展开更多
South China and Indochina host striking species diversity and endemism. Complex tectonic and climatic evolutions appear to be the main drivers of the biogeographic patterns. In this study, based on the geologic histor...South China and Indochina host striking species diversity and endemism. Complex tectonic and climatic evolutions appear to be the main drivers of the biogeographic patterns. In this study, based on the geologic history of this region, we test 2 hypotheses using the evolutionary history of Microhyla fissipes species complex. Using DNA sequence data from both mitochondrial and nuclear genes, we first test the hypothesis that the Red River is a barrier to gene flow and dispersal. Second, we test the hypothesis that Pleistocene climatic cycling affected the genetic structure and population history of these frogs. We detect 2 major genetic splits that associate with the Red River. Time estimation suggests that late Miocene tectonic movement associated with the Red River drove their diversification. Species distribution modeling (SDM) resolves significant ecolo- gical differences between sides of the Red River. Thus, ecological divergence also probably promoted and maintained the diversification. Genogeography, historical demography, and SDM associate patterns in southern China with climate changes of the last glacial maximum (LGM), but not Indochina. Differences in geography and climate between the 2 areas best explain the discovery. Responses to the Pleistocene glacial-interglacial cycling vary among species and regions.展开更多
基金supported by Universiti Malaysia Kelantan(Grant No.R/SGJP/A07.00/00710A/001/2012/000081)
文摘Medicinal plants and herbal preparations are gaining renowned interest in scientific communities nowadays due to their reliable pharmacological actions and affordability to common people which makes them effective in control of various diseases.Polygonum minus(Polygonaceae)locally known as kesuni is an aromatic plant commonly used in Malay delicacies.The plant is having potential applications due to its high volatile oil constituents in perfumes and powerful antioxidant activity.It has been used traditionally to treat various ailments including dandruff.The research has been carried out by various researchers using different in vitro and in vivo models for biological evaluations to support these claims.This review paper may help upcoming research activities on Polygonum minus by giving up to date information on the phytochemical constituents and medicinal properties of kesum to a possible extent with relevant data.
基金Acknowledgments We thank Sheng-guo Fang, Hal-tan Shi, Li-jun Wang, Li-min Ding, Yun-yu Wang, Ban-ling Zhang, Hai-peng Zhao, Jin-ming Chen, Jun-xiao Yang, Jia-jun Zhou, Gang Yao, Nikolai L. Orlov, Son Nguyen Truong, Tao Thien Nguyen, Truong Quang Nguyen, Tran Ngoc Ninh, Ba Dinh Vo, Andrei N. Kuznetsov, Leonid P. Korzoun, Anna B. Vassilieva, Eduard A. Galoyan, Igor V. Palko, Suwat Seaya, and Prakayjit Saengham for helping with sample col- lections. We thank the local Forestry Department and National reserve helped for the fieldworks in China. We thank the Forestry Department of Thailand and Vietnam for permissions to undertake field survey, specimen collections and local national park for helping. The Institute of Animal for Scientific Purposes Development (IAD) issued permission (No.U1-01205-2558) in Thailand. The Department of Forestry, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development of Vietnam issued permission (permits No. 170/TCLN-BTI'N, 982/TCLN-BTTN and 831/TCLN-BTTN) in Vietnam. For loans of tissues, we thank Amy Lathrop from the Royal Ontario Museum (ROM), Toronto, Canada. We gratefully acknowledge Wei-wei Zhou and Yong-jie Wu for providing thoughtful comments during preparation of the previous version of this manuscript.This work was supported by the program of Chinese Academy of Sciences (2015CASEABRI002), the Ministry of Science and Technology of China (2011FY120200), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31090250), and the Animal Branch of the Germplasm Bank of Wild Species, Chinese Academy of Sciences (the Large Research Infrastructure Funding) to J. C. the Chinese Academy of Sciences Visiting Fellowship for Researchers (Postdoc) from Developing Countries (2013FFS130015) to C. S.+2 种基金 the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31501843) to H. M. C. the Russian Foundation of Basic Research (Grant No. RFBR Taiwan No. 14-04- 92000, 15-29-02771 and 15-04-02029) and the Russian Science Foundation (RSF grant No 14-50-00029) to N. A. P. NSERC Discovery Grant (3148), the ROM Foundation, and the ROM Members Volunteer Committee to R. W. M.
文摘South China and Indochina host striking species diversity and endemism. Complex tectonic and climatic evolutions appear to be the main drivers of the biogeographic patterns. In this study, based on the geologic history of this region, we test 2 hypotheses using the evolutionary history of Microhyla fissipes species complex. Using DNA sequence data from both mitochondrial and nuclear genes, we first test the hypothesis that the Red River is a barrier to gene flow and dispersal. Second, we test the hypothesis that Pleistocene climatic cycling affected the genetic structure and population history of these frogs. We detect 2 major genetic splits that associate with the Red River. Time estimation suggests that late Miocene tectonic movement associated with the Red River drove their diversification. Species distribution modeling (SDM) resolves significant ecolo- gical differences between sides of the Red River. Thus, ecological divergence also probably promoted and maintained the diversification. Genogeography, historical demography, and SDM associate patterns in southern China with climate changes of the last glacial maximum (LGM), but not Indochina. Differences in geography and climate between the 2 areas best explain the discovery. Responses to the Pleistocene glacial-interglacial cycling vary among species and regions.