Construction Technology of Deep Foundation Pit Support in Municipal Civil Engineering Foundation Construction

Municipal civil engineering is the key content of municipal construction,and the construction scale is usually large.The quality of the project plays an important role in the development of urban economy.Due to the rapid increase of high-rise buildings,skyscrapers and underground buildings,the construction technology of deep foundation pit support has gradually become an indispensable construction technology.Therefore,the selection of foundation pit support construction technology is crucial in ensuring that whether the foundation is firm and stable,and whether the subsequent construction activities can be carried out smoothly.In view of this,the article discusses the application of deep foundation pit support construction technology in municipal civil engineering,aiming to provide reference for subsequent projects.

Sensor monitoring of a newly designed foundation pit supporting structure

A new type of pit supporting structure, which was tested and verified using the sensor monitoring technology, was presented. The new supporting structure is assembled by prefabricated steel structural units. The adjacent steel structural units are jointed with fasteners, and each steel structural unit has a certain radian and is welded by two steel tubes and one piece of steel disc. In order to test and verify the reliability of the new supporting structure, the field tests are designed. The main monitoring programs include the hoop stress of supporting structure, lateral earth pressure, and soil deformation. The monitoring data of the field tests show that the new supporting structure is convenient, reliable and safe.

Co-Evolution Optimization of Anchored Row Piles for Deep Foundation Pit

The thinking of co evolution is applied to the optimization of retaining and protecting structure for deep foundation excavation, and the system of optimization of anchored row piles for deep foundation pit has been already developed successfully. For the co evolution algorithm providing an evolutionary mechanism to simulate ever changing problem space, it is an optimization algorithm that has high performance, especially applying to the optimization of complicated system of retaining and protecting for deep foundation pit. It is shown by many engineering practices that the co evolution algorithm has obvious optimization effect, so it can be an important method of optimization of retaining and protecting for deep foundation pit. Here the authors discuss the co evolution model, object function, all kinds of constraint conditions and their disposal methods, and several key techniques of system realization.

Numerical and theoretical analysis on soil arching effect of prefabricated piles as deep foundation pit supports

This study presents a detailed investigation into the soil arching effects within deep foundation pits(DFPs),focusing on their mechanical behavior and implications for structural design.Through rigorous 3D finite element modeling and parameter sensitivity analyses,the research explores the formation,geometric characteristics,and spatial distribution of soil arching phenomena.The investigation encompasses the influence of key parameters such as elastic modulus,cohesion,and internal friction angle on the soil arching effect.The findings reveal that soil arching within DFPs exhibits distinct spatial characteristics,with the prominent arch axis shifting as excavation depth progresses.Optimal soil arching is observed when the pile spacing approximates three times the pile diameter,enhancing soil retention and minimizing deformation risks.Sensitivity analyses highlight the significant impact of soil parameters on soil arching behavior,underscoring the critical role of cohesive forces and internal friction angles in shaping arching characteristics.By elucidating the interplay between soil parameters and soil arching effects,the research provides insights for optimizing pile spacing and structural stability.

Reliability Analysis for Retaining Pile in Foundation Pit Based on Bayesian Principle

Moso bamboo has the advantages of high short-term strength and reproducibility,appropriating for temporary supporting structure of shallow foundation pit.According to the displacement of the pile top from an indoor model test,the reliability of the supporting effect of the moso bamboo pile was analyzed.First,the calculation formula of reliability index was deduced based on themean-value first-order second-moment(MVFOSM)method and probability theory under ultimate limit state and serviceability limit state.Then,the dimensionless bias factor(the ratio of the measured value to the calculated value)was introduced to normalize the displacement.The mathematical characteristics of the displacement were estimated and optimized based on Bayesian theory.Finally,taking 2.5 as the design reliability index,the effect of safety factor,tolerable limit displacement,and the ratio of the ultimate limit displacement to the tolerable on reliability index was analyzed.The results show that the safety level of the supporting pile can be increased by 1–2 levels when the safety factor increases by 0.5.When the coefficient of variation of tolerable limit displacement is less than 0.3,the safety factor can be 2–2.5.And the ratio of the ultimate limit displacement to the tolerable has a great influence on the reliability index,when the soil conditions is well,the ratio can be 1.2–1.3.

Deep Foundation Pit Excavations Adjacent to Disconnected Piled Rafts: A Review on Risk Control Practice

Foundation pit excavation engineering is an old subject full of decision making. Yet, it still deserves further research due to the associated high failure cost and the complexity of the geological conditions and/or the surrounding existing infrastructure around it. This article overviews the risk control practice of foundation pit excavation projects in close proximity to existing disconnected piled raft. More focus is given to geotechnical aspects. The review begins with achievements to ensure excavation performance requirements, and follows to discuss the complex soil structure interaction involved among the fundamental components: the retaining wall, mat, piles, cushion, and the soil. After bringing consensus points to practicing engineers and decision makers, it then suggests possible future research directions.

The Effection Analysis of Geotechnical Investigation on Foundation Pit Supporting Construction

With the continuous development of the construction industry,the density of engineering construction and the difficulty of underground construction are also increasing.As an important construction protection measure,foundation pit support construction is widely used in underground construction.Starting from the characteristics of foundation pit support construction,this paper analyzes the influence of geotechnical investigation on foundation pit support construction,and analyzes the problems that need to be paid attention to in the survey process.

The Application of Pile Foundation Bearing-Retaining Wall Combination Structure in a Mountainous Urban High Fill Project

Pile foundation bearing-retaining wall combination structure is a new type of support structure developed in recent years.This article focuses on the characteristics,advantages,and application scope of the support structure,while combining a variety of algorithms,according to different geological conditions and slope stability,as well as summarizes the pile foundation bearing-retaining wall combination structure force analysis and design methods,taking a high-fill road project in Chongqing as an example.The application of this support structure under special conditions,such as thicker soil layer,steeper sliding surface,weak foundation,and limited slope release conditions,is presented,which illustrates the technical advantages of this support structure and proving that it has several other advantages,including clear force mechanism as well as economic and reasonable structure,thus providing reference for similar projects.

软土地区基坑前排倾斜双排桩支护现场试验及工作机理

基坑倾斜桩支护大幅提高了无支撑支护结构的适用深度,具有造价低、施工便捷、绿色低碳、变形控制好等特点,然而目前研究多集中在单排倾斜桩,对前排倾斜双排桩支护的试验、理论与应用的研究均较少。针对前排倾斜双排桩支护基坑开展了现场试验,同时采用有限元方法分别从前排斜桩、桩顶连梁及桩间土体作用3个方面深入探究了前排倾斜双排桩支护的工作机理,进一步分析了直斜桩长度和排距对前排倾斜双排桩支护结构受力变形性能的影响。结果表明,相比传统竖直双排桩,前排倾斜双排桩支护结构的支护性能显著提升,前排斜桩主要发挥“斜撑”作用,连梁主要起到将直斜桩及冠梁连接成一个空间刚架的作用,桩间土体能够提高桩土摩阻力,进而有效减小前排倾斜双排桩变形。研究成果有助于前排倾斜双排桩的推广和应用。

开挖顺序及内支撑早期刚度对软土基坑稳定性影响规律

深基坑开挖变形控制是软土基坑工程的难题,工程中常采用密集的混凝土内支撑来提高支撑刚度,然而实际工程中未能合理考虑软土深基坑的开挖顺序和混凝土内支撑早期刚度影响,往往导致基坑实际变形远大于设计值。结合珠三角水资源配置工程的软土深基坑,利用验证后的数值模拟方法研究了不同开挖顺序及混凝土内支撑早期刚度对基坑受力和变形特性的影响规律,得出了分层分区非对称开挖和对称开挖对地连墙水平位移和地表沉降的影响规律。结果表明:尽管非对称开挖会造成基坑两侧的地连墙位移和地表沉降差异,但是密集内支撑条件下非对称开挖比对称开挖对于基坑周围地表沉降和地连墙水平位移影响更小并能够大量节约工期;受混凝土内支撑早期刚度影响,施作内支撑后越早进入下一步开挖,地连墙水平位移和周围地表沉降越大;考虑内支撑早期刚度影响时基坑上部的内支撑轴力会增大,而下部的内支撑轴力会减小,早期刚度越小,这种趋势越明显;现场施工时难以实时动态监测混凝土的弹性模量,极易造成内支撑轴力的早期监测数据失真,甚至给工程带来错误决策。

深基坑支护理念演进和设计方法改进剖析

基于我国30多年建设实践,分析现有深基坑支护临时性理念、与主体结构相结合理念实施的优点和不足,提出促进基坑支护工程高质量发展的永久化理念。结合济南某基坑工程,阐释三个理念的逐次提升和相应支护结构的计算内容,定义适应与主体结构相结合理念、永久化理念的结构岩土化、岩土结构化设计方法;重点分析土钉墙与抗浮锚杆相结合的复合土钉墙的设计,以及抗浮锚杆与外伸支撑、水平楼板永久支护结构中抗浮锚杆的力学性状与耐久性,分析了永久支护对于地下室外墙受力机制的影响,阐释深基坑支护理念演化方向和与之适应的设计改进内容。对于反思我国岩土与结构设计管理体制,促进基坑与基础设计理论和方法进步,推动“新发展理念”在基坑工程的实践具有导向价值。

深基坑岩土结构化永久支护理论与设计方法

基于对项目地下系统设计现状的深入剖析,指出岩土与结构专业分离造成基坑临时支护资源浪费、环境污染、碳排放增加等弊病,提出深基坑岩土结构化永久支护体系理论与设计方法。阐明了永久支护体系构件组成与构造过程,给出了永久支护体系承载能力极限状态和正常使用极限状态设计原则;明确了基坑开挖、构建和正常使用三个阶段的荷载组合和计算内容,建议了深、较深基坑划分界限及其永久支护结构分别适用的有限元法和弹性支点法;强调应进行支护构件的耐久性分析,证明了岩土结构化深基坑永久支护结构地下室外墙基本不承担土压力,改变了目前开挖阶段支护结构、使用阶段地下室外墙分别承担土压力即两倍建筑材料抵挡土压力的现状,显示了深基坑永久支护结构的工程价值及其推广的意义。

弹性环梁支撑下圆形深基坑支护结构变形解析解

将环梁和支护结构分别视为弹性圆环和弹性圆柱薄壳,基于环梁和圆柱壳的变形协调,得到了具有任意数目弹性环梁支撑圆形深基坑支护结构变形的解析解.在验证解析解合理性和可靠性的基础上,针对某一实际圆形基坑工程,比较了在刚性和弹性环梁支撑下支护结构变形和内力的差异,并分析了支护结构底部边界条件、环梁弹性模量、尺寸和数量以及位置等参数对支护结构变形和内力分布的影响.研究结果表明:相对于刚性环梁支撑,弹性环梁支撑处内力变化较小,环梁弹性模量和尺寸的改变只对基坑挖掘面以上支护结构变形和内力影响显著,而对挖掘面以下的支护结构变形和内力几乎没有影响.该研究成果为圆形基坑支护结构设计提供了理论依据和指导.

深基坑双排微型桩-锚-撑组合支护结构受力与变形特性

为深入研究深厚杂填土地层深基坑微型桩-锚-撑组合支护结构随基坑开挖的受力与变形演化规律,首先,依托青岛市某深基坑工程开展双排微型桩-锚-撑原位试验,分析开挖工况下前、后排桩的桩身弯矩分布规律;然后,结合ABAQUS有限元模拟方法,明确微型桩、预应力锚索与钢支撑之间的协同作用及基坑变形规律;最后,揭示微型桩桩径变化、支护结构作用对桩身受力及基坑变形的影响机制。研究结果表明:增加开挖深度引起桩身正弯矩和负弯矩不断增大,极值点位置不断下移,桩身弯矩整体呈正“S”形分布;开挖至基底,前排桩的桩身反弯点分别位于钢支撑下方0.5 m和开挖面位置,后排桩的桩身反弯点分别位于钢支撑下方0.5 m和开挖面下方1.0 m范围内;基坑开挖竖向影响范围约为1.35H(H为基坑开挖深度),桩径增加近1倍,土体水平位移仅减少约51%,且随桩径继续增加,其对于限制基坑变形效果不显著;相较于桩锚支护结构,桩-锚-撑支护结构作用下,前、后排桩的最大水平位移分别减小34.9%和27.3%,基坑土体的最大水平位移减小46.0%。

黄土基坑斜直桩支护结构受力及变形特性模型试验研究

为深入探究斜直桩支护的工作机理及变形特性,通过模型试验对比斜直桩和传统支护在开挖和降雨阶段桩顶位移、桩身弯矩及坑外沉降变化规律。研究结果表明:斜直桩受力及变形均小于悬臂和双排直桩,其极限挖深更大,对周边环境影响更小,其中内斜直支护性能最优。部分直桩改为斜桩可使受力更合理,除了受到弯剪还有拉压,有效提高支护刚度。降雨阶段下支护结构受力及变形增幅较开挖更大,还会引发土体塌陷、坑内外土体表面开裂等破坏。研究结果可为斜直桩黄土基坑施工风险防控提供参考。

盾构机始发井深基坑力学和变形特性离心模型试验研究

为探究盾构机始发井深基坑开挖过程中周边土体的应力、变形和土压力分布规律,通过对工程原型进行概化,在典型土层条件下,采用停机-开挖-支护的模拟方式开展了方形基坑和圆形基坑两种方案共2组离心模型试验,从地连墙的弯矩和其后土体的水平位移、基坑外侧土压力分布以及地表沉降等角度,对比分析了两种盾构机始发井深基坑开挖过程的工程特性。结果表明:地面沉降随基坑开挖深度增大逐渐增加,形成沉降槽状;地连墙土压力变化呈非线性,随着基坑开挖不断深入的,离地表较近处的土压力逐渐变大,而深处的土压力则逐渐减小;在第5步开挖时2组模型地下连续墙水平位移均达到最大值,圆形基坑是方形基坑的1.4倍,同时地连墙的弯矩也达到最大值,圆形基坑比方形基坑小320 kN·m。研究成果可为深埋隧道深基坑的优化设计和开挖提供指导。

基坑开挖导致邻近既有隧道变形的主动控制研究

采用有限元分析方法对新型支撑轴力主动控制系统进行了研究,提出了一种支撑轴力设计方法;在对支撑不施加主动轴力的情况下,研究了花岗岩残积土地层中基坑开挖对既有隧道的影响,根据基坑侧边不同位置隧道在基坑开挖作用下的位移划分了基坑开挖影响区;基于提出的轴力设计方法,研究了基坑开挖过程中支撑轴力主动控制对既有隧道位移的影响规律;获得了隧道位移控制到预警值10 mm以下的临界控制比,分析了其在不同隧道位置时的分布规律。结果表明:该地层中的影响区范围相对已有研究的影响区更小;隧道位移与地连墙位移的控制比近似呈正比关系;基坑腰部0.6倍挖深位置附近隧道的水平位移需进行最严格的控制,靠近基坑且深度较深的区域通过水平位移控制得到的临界控制比更小,应以隧道水平位移控制为主,而远离基坑且深度较浅的区域应以隧道竖向位移控制为主;花岗岩残积土中的基坑开挖影响区以及对临界控制比的量化研究成果可为类似工程提供参考。

成都地铁基坑围护桩大变形原因分析及对策研究

[目的]周边环境及地质条件复杂的地铁基坑施工稍有不慎易导致基坑事故的发生。需分析基坑围护桩大变形原因,并提出针对性加固措施。[方法]以成都某近接老旧建筑物的桩锚支护结构地铁车站基坑为工程背景,分析了基坑施工过程中围护桩体发生大变形的原因,提出控制围护桩变形的加固措施。通过Harding-soil二阶高级本构模型研究了围护桩发生变形后,坑内采用反压堆载、基坑坑外坡体采用钢管桩及再次开挖前加强两道锚索措施的可行性。[结果及结论]模拟计算结果及现场实测结果表明,围护桩累计位移为77.77 mm;围护桩产生大变形后采用加固措施,可将围护桩水平位移控制在53 mm以内;根据模拟计算结果及现场实测结果,二者桩体水平位移曲线变化规律一致。实际施工结果表明,采取加固措施后,基坑变形控制效果明显,后续施工过程中未发生大范围变形。

高边坡下方管廊基坑支护设计方案比选

人工填土高边坡的坡体稳定性差,因其土体未经压实,开挖极易引起坍塌,对周边建(构)筑物的基坑开挖产生严重的安全隐患。根据人工填土高边坡下南宁凤岭管廊基坑开挖的工程地质条件,分析了基坑设计的难点。对钻孔灌注桩、SMW工法桩、钢板桩3种管廊基坑常用的支护形式进行了对比,在综合考虑整体刚度和强度、基坑安全性、费用、施工速度等因素后,最终确定采用具有降低施工成本、可对施工材料重复利用、地下空间资源污染低的SMW工法桩作为该基坑的最佳支护方案。此方案可对今后类似工程的设计施工提供借鉴和参考。

西安湿陷性黄土地区狭长深基坑变形分析

为了探究西安地铁车站深基坑开挖过程中桩体侧移、地表沉降等时空演变规律,以西安地区某地铁车站深基坑为工程背景,同时收集了该地区2#、3#、4#线20个狭长基坑的实测数据,并对其进行统计分析。结果表明:地铁基坑围护结构最大侧移δhm=0.04%H~0.10%H(H为开挖深度),平均值为0.06%H,最大侧移位置深度为0.7H;地表最大沉降值δvm=0.036%H~0.116%H,主要影响区在1.4H范围以内;高斯函数模型可以预测西安地区的地表沉降,其影响范围为3.5H;在特定范围内,提高支护桩的刚度和插入比可以有效控制基坑变形。研究结果可为西安市其他地铁车站基坑支护结构的设计与施工提供借鉴。