Physical modeling of behaviors of cast-in-place concrete piled raft compared to free-standing pile group in sand

Similar to free-standing pile groups, piled raft foundations are conventionally designed in which the piles carry the total load of structure and the raft bearing capacity is not taken into account. Numerous studies indicated that this method is too conservative. Only when the pile cap is elevated from the ground level,the raft bearing contribution can be neglected. In a piled raft foundation, pileesoileraft interaction is complicated. Although several numerical studies have been carried out to analyze the behaviors of piled raft foundations, very few experimental studies are reported in the literature. The available laboratory studies mainly focused on steel piles. The present study aims to compare the behaviors of piled raft foundations with free-standing pile groups in sand, using laboratory physical models. Cast-in-place concrete piles and concrete raft are used for the tests. The tests are conducted on single pile, single pile in pile group, unpiled raft, free-standing pile group and piled raft foundation. We examine the effects of the number of piles, the pile installation method and the interaction between different components of foundation. The results indicate that the ultimate bearing capacity of the piled raft foundation is considerably higher than that of the free-standing pile group with the same number of piles. With installation of the single pile in the group, the pile bearing capacity and stiffness increase. Installation of the piles beneath the raft decreases the bearing capacity of the raft. When the raft bearing capacity is not included in the design process, the allowable bearing capacity of the piled raft is underestimated by more than 200%. This deviation intensifies with increasing spacing of the piles.

Field study of plastic tube cast-in-place concrete pile

The compositions, technical principles and construction equipments of a new piling method used for ground improvement plastic tube cast-in-place concrete pile were introduced. The results from static load tests on single piles with different forms of pile shoes and on their composite foundations were analyzed. The distribution patterns of axial force, shaft friction and toe resistance were studied based on the measurements taken from buried strain gauges. From the point of engineering application, the pile has merits in convenient quality control, high bearing capacity and reliable quality, showing higher reasonability, advancement and suitability than other ground improvement methods. The pile can be adopted properly to take place of ordinary ground improvement method, achieving greater economical and social benefits.

Refreezing of cast-in-place piles under various engineering conditions

In the construction of the Qinghai-Tibet Power Transmission Line （QTPTL）, cast-in-place piles （CIPPs） are widely applied in areas with unfavorable geological conditions. The thermal regime around piles in permafrost regions greatly affects the stability of the towers as well as the operation of the QTPTL. The casting of piles will markedly affect the thermal regime of the surrounding permafrost because of the casting temperature and the hydration heat of cement. Based on the typical geological and engineering conditions along the QTPTL, thermal disturbance ofa CIPP to surrounding permafrost under different casting seasons, pile depths, and casting temperatures were simulated. The results show that the casting season （summer versus winter） can influence the refreezing process of CIPPs, within the first 6 m of pile depth. Sixty days after being cast, CIPPs greater than 6 m in depth can be frozen regardless of which season they were cast, and the foundation could be reffozen after a cold season. Comparing the refreezing characteristics of CIPPs cast in different seasons also showed that, without considering the ground surface conditions, warm seasons are more suitable for casting piles. With the increase of pile depth, the thermal effect of a CIPP on the surrounding soil mainly expands vertically, while the lateral heat disturbance changes little. Deeper, longer CIPPs have better stability. The casting temperature clearly affects the thermal disturbance, and the radius of the melting circle increases with rising casting temperature. The optimal casting temperature is between 2 ℃ and 9 ℃.

Axial Load Capacity of Cast in Place Piles from SPT and CPTU Data

This paper aims to deal with the assessment of axial load capacity for cast in place pile foundations, which are made by the earth drill method, by using the data taken from Standard Penetration Tests (SPTs) and Piezocone Penetration Tests (CPTUs). These tests were carried out as part of the investigation program for P.N.G. Terminal-Power Plant, near Semani beach, in Hoxhara marsh, in the western part of Albania. The design of axial load capacity of piles is based on empirical formula using SPT and CPTU values. This study presents the results of axial load capacity analysis of cast in place piles by different analytical calculation methods, which are based on in situ tests results, and also referring to the Building Standard Law of Japan. In the end of our work, differences between calculations methods by using different in situ tests results are shown in tables and graphs.

Experimental Research on Large Diameter Cast-in-Place Piles Embedded in Rock

This paper expatiated the field test of large diameter cast in place piles embedded in soft rock, including static loading test, high or low strain dynamic test, measurement of stresses and strains of pile body, and pressure measurements between pile tip and soft rock. The relative in situ test problems are discussed. Based on the limit equilibrium theory and the load transfer equation, a synthesis method of analyzing the ultimate carrying capacity of single large diameter pile is put forward. The research results show that the key to determining the ultimate carrying capacity of single pile with a large diameter is the analysis of the intensity of soft rock.

钻孔灌注桩在基坑维护施工中的质量控制措施

结合实际案例,按照钻孔灌注桩施工工艺流程顺序,从钻孔前、钻孔中、成孔、钢筋笼吊装及混凝土浇筑等环节,对钻孔灌注桩在深基坑维护施工中的质量控制措施进行简要分析,如钻孔前应建立合理的质量控制流程等;钻孔过程中要做好护筒埋设、设备就位与安装、成孔等环节的质量控制;钢筋笼吊装要做好钢筋笼起吊点计算等工作;混凝土浇筑应避免堵孔、断桩等质量缺陷。

基于混凝土水化热的灌注桩成桩质量评价方法及应用

针对如何基于灌注桩水化热温度场准确评价桩身质量的问题,利用与桩身横截面中心径向距离大于0.5倍桩半径范围内,混凝土水化热温度随径向距离的变化近似线性的特征,建立根据钢筋笼上对称两测点的水化热温度计算钢筋笼偏位的方法。结合缺陷灌注桩的水化热仿真分析,系统分析缺陷几何特征和热工参数变化对灌注桩水化热温度场的影响规律,提出根据沿钢筋笼主筋布置水化热温度测点获得的温度-深度曲线特征,判断缺陷存在并分析缺陷空间分布位置的方法。结合现场试验及与低应变、跨孔超声波检测结果的对比,验证了该方法的可行性。

燃气爆炸荷载作用下钢筋混凝土板抗爆性能数值模拟

为了研究不同燃气爆炸荷载下混凝土板的动态响应特点,本文通过已有文献中的钢筋混凝土板抗爆试验,利用LS-DYNA有限元软件建立数值模型并验证其可靠性。然后,在混凝土板面施加不同峰值的简化三角燃气荷载,研究混凝土板在燃气荷载作用下的位移、速度、加速度等。结果表明:试验用钢筋混凝土板的最大位移和振动都出现在板跨中位置,且随着荷载峰值的增大而增大;当荷载峰值超过20 kPa时,随着作用在混凝土板上荷载量值的增加,结构的刚度受到削弱,在受迫振动阶段结构振动加速度的特性会发生变化,出现高频振荡;高频振荡开始时间随着燃气爆炸荷载峰值的提高而提前;当荷载结束后,混凝土板进入自由振动阶段,板的振动周期受残余刚度的影响,随着荷载峰值的提高而增大。

Exothermic process of cast-in-place pile foundation and its thermal agitation of the frozen ground under a long dry bridge on the Qinghai-Tibet Railway

A number of dry bridges have been built to substitute for the roadbed on the Qinghai-Tibet Railway,China.The aim of this study was to investigate the exothermic process of cast-in-place (CIP) pile foundation of a dry bridge and its harm to the stability of nearby frozen ground.We present 3D heat conduction functions of a concrete pile and of frozen ground with related boundaries.Our analysis is based on the theory of heat conduction and the exponent law describing the adiabatic temperature rise caused by hydration heat.Results under continuous and initial conditions were combined to establish a finite element model of a CIP pile-frozen ground system for a dry bridge under actual field conditions in cold regions.Numerical results indicated that the process could effectively simulate the exothermic process of CIP pile foundation.Thermal disturbance to frozen ground under a long dry bridge caused by the casting temperature and hydration heat of CIP piles was substantial and long-lasting.The simulated thermal analysis results agreed with field measurements and some significant rules relating to the problem were deduced and conclusions reached.

超宽鱼腹式现浇箱梁混凝土裂缝控制

近年来,国内站城综合体TOD开发成为一种新型建筑模式,地铁、市政道路、商业综合体等多种大体量建筑形态交叉同步施工成为工程实践难题。基于此,结合已经实施的成都博览城综合交通枢纽工程,解析福州路桥鱼腹式多幅四箱室闭合型超宽箱梁,采取优化混凝土配合比、U形冷却管布置、后浇带布置、支架沉降控制、箱梁浇筑顺序等5种措施,解决大体积C60梁体混凝土防开裂难题,并取得明显实践成果,获得国家优质工程奖和土木工程詹天佑奖。

大直径嵌岩灌注桩竖向承载特性试验研究

为了探讨泥岩地基大直径灌注桩竖向承载性能,依托青岛某机场桩基工程,对嵌入泥岩的9根大直径灌注桩进行了竖向抗压静载试验和桩身应力监测,分析大直径嵌岩灌注桩的竖向抗压性能,明确大直径灌注桩的荷载传递规律。结果表明,试桩桩身完整性较好,桩身质量可靠;试桩荷载沉降(Q-s)曲线均为缓变型,加载初期存在明显的压密段,桩顶沉降量为10.31 mm,最低回弹率大于50%;最大荷载作用下,各试桩的竖向抗压极限承载力特征值均不小于6480 kN,试桩竖向抗压承载能力仍有较大潜力;试桩均表现出端承摩擦桩的特性,轴力自桩顶到桩端逐渐衰减,桩侧摩阻力峰值发生在中风化泥岩段,桩端阻力占桩顶荷载的10.55%~34.48%。

水泥土加固桩水平循环承载性能足尺试验研究

选取宿迁典型饱和粉土场地,采用水泥土搅拌桩加固钻孔灌注桩桩周土,开展灌注桩水平循环加载足尺试验。探究水泥土加固试验桩(TPI)和未加固试验桩(TPU)在循环水平荷载作用下的滞回特性、弯矩、刚度退化、位移延性、水平承载力与残余变形能力。试验结果表明:TPI比TPU桩的弯矩减小47%,屈服位移减小41%,水平承载力提升150%,有效刚度提升240%,等效黏滞阻尼比提升233%,桩的开裂荷载提升150%,屈服荷载阶段桩体的残余变形能力减小17%。水泥土搅拌法不仅可以限制桩侧粉土液化,增加桩基础的耗能及位移延性,而且可以显著的降低桩头水平位移和弯矩的发展。从抗震性能的角度分析,水泥土搅拌桩加固既有桩基,有效抑制了加固范围内地基土刚度衰减,增强了桩-土结构的总耗能、等效黏滞阻尼系数与变形恢复能力,提高桩基础在大变形阶段的抗震性能。

硫酸盐侵蚀下现浇混凝土耐腐蚀及力学性能试验

为了提高强硫酸盐渍土地区现浇混凝土的抗腐蚀性能,开展了煅烧偏高岭土等质量替代水泥比例为0、5%、15%、25%、50%的现浇混凝土试件,分别在清水、5%Na_(2)SO_(4)、10%Na_(2)SO_(4)和10%Na_(2)SO_(4)+10%NaCl溶液中的长期浸泡试验,分析了试件在1 d、3 d、7 d、14 d、28 d和90 d龄期时的抗折强度、抗压强度、相对动弹性模量、质量损失率、体积膨胀率和有效孔隙率的变化规律。研究结果表明:(1)掺入煅烧偏高岭土可提高现浇混凝土的抗折强度、抗压强度和抗腐蚀性能,掺量为25%时,试件的抗折强度和抗压强度最高,相对动弹性模量变化最稳定,抗硫酸盐侵蚀性能最好。(2)煅烧偏高岭土可以改善混凝土的内部孔隙结构,降低现浇混凝土的有效孔隙率和质量损失率,使试件的体积稳定性明显提高。研究成果可为煅烧偏高岭土提升现浇混凝土在强硫酸盐渍土地区的工程应用提供一定的理论基础。

结构空间约束对钢筋混凝土梁受弯性能的影响

为探究结构空间约束对框架结构屈服机制的影响,借助多尺度数值方法,建立了具有不同边界条件的钢筋混凝土(reinforced concrete,RC)梁模型.定量分析了端部约束及添加现浇楼板对RC框架梁刚度和受弯承载力,即试件所能承受的最大弯矩的影响,揭示了端部约束及现浇楼板对RC梁弯曲机制的影响机理.此外,对各国规范计算的受弯承载力进行对比分析.结果表明,结构空间约束会影响RC框架梁的破坏形态.固支梁的刚度和受弯承载力显著高于简支梁,固支梁的受弯承载力和刚度最高可达简支梁的3.06倍和4.10倍.添加现浇楼板可显著提高梁的受弯承载力与刚度.各国规范可准确地计算简支梁的受弯承载力.然而,计算的固支梁及楼盖梁的受弯承载力极其保守,剪跨比为5.0的固支加板梁的受弯承载力模拟值分别是中国、美国和加拿大规范值的6.25倍、6.76倍和6.06倍.

印尼软土地区后注浆钻孔灌注桩现场试验研究

后注浆钻孔灌注桩在软土地区工程中应用广泛,但对后注浆灌注桩承载特性的理论研究仍滞后于工程实践。依托印尼软土地区某工程,开展不同桩长普通钻孔灌注桩和后注浆钻孔灌注桩的现场试验。结果表明,后注浆钻孔灌注桩极限承载力是同条件下普通钻孔灌注桩的1.20~1.26倍,后注浆灌注桩的回弹率和弹性变形相应增加;研究区地质条件下后注浆水泥浆液上返高度约为12.4~13.8 m,桩端以下水泥浆下渗深度约为1.3~2.1 m(约为桩径的1.6~2.6倍);后注浆灌注桩水泥浆上返高度以下桩侧和桩端以下岩土层的标贯击数较压浆前均显著提高,后注浆导致的桩侧摩阻力和桩端阻力的提高是钻孔灌注桩承载性能提高的主要因素。研究成果对指导印尼软土地区后注浆设计和施工具有一定的借鉴意义。

市政桥梁灌注桩大直径桩基加固施工技术

城市化进程的加快,对城市基础设施建设提出了更高的要求。桥梁工程作为市政工程的重要组成部分,其建设质量直接影响到市政工程项目的建设质量。然而,在实际施工过程中,由于受到地质条件、施工环境、施工工艺等多种因素的影响,桩基施工难免会遇到一些问题和风险,影响工程项目的顺利开展。本文根据实际案例,通过分析高压注浆法、小管径钢管桩加固法以及扩底桩加固法三种方案的施工与效果,最终确定小管径钢管桩加固法具有较好的耐久性和可靠性。

超高现浇混凝土剪力墙施工关键技术研究

剧场建筑中的舞台塔是由四面混凝土剪力墙围合而成的塔筒形高大空间,是舞台机械安装、运行与演员演出的重要场所,剪力墙墙体高度可达50~60 m,墙体两侧最大临空高度接近40 m。两侧无楼板支撑的超高临空剪力墙,在施工操作平台搭建、模架体系选型与安装、混凝土浇筑等方面均具备了较高的实施难度与一定的安全、质量风险。通过对技术方案选择中遇到的安全、工期、经济、质量等因素进行分析,对如何从各类剧场案例中吸取经验,优化方案选择,采用多排脚手架技术方案安全、经济、高效地完成施工作业进行了详细论述。同时深入研究了混凝土浇筑高度、模架计算关键参数选择与脚手架抗侧力问题、混凝土流动性与侧压力的关系等关键技术问题,给出了合理建议、解决方案与技术改进方向。

钢管混凝土立柱桩一次浇筑成形技术研究

为解决基坑支护中内支撑立柱垂直度控制及钢管内外混凝土浇筑标高控制的问题,结合工程实际,设计了可周转的工具式套架平台以及防止钢管立柱下口混凝土回流的防回流环,并在工程中进行了实践。总结形成了钢管立柱桩一次浇筑成形施工技术,解决了在深空孔立柱桩的钢管立柱垂直度控制难题及浇筑过程中钢管立柱下口混凝土回流的难题,提高了施工成形质量,增加了桩撑结构的安全系数,可为类似工程提供借鉴。