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In-situ additive manufacturing of high strength yet ductility titanium composites with gradient layered structure using N_(2) 被引量:1
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作者 Yunmian Xiao Changhui Song +4 位作者 Zibin Liu Linqing Liu Hanxiang Zhou Di Wang Yongqiang Yang 《International Journal of Extreme Manufacturing》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2024年第3期387-409,共23页
It has always been challenging work to reconcile the contradiction between the strength and plasticity of titanium materials.Laser powder bed fusion(LPBF) is a convenient method to fabricate innovative composites incl... It has always been challenging work to reconcile the contradiction between the strength and plasticity of titanium materials.Laser powder bed fusion(LPBF) is a convenient method to fabricate innovative composites including those inspired by gradient layered materials.In this work,we used LPBF to selectively prepare Ti N/Ti gradient layered structure(GLSTi)composites by using different N_(2)–Ar ratios during the LPBF process.We systematically investigated the mechanisms of in-situ synthesis Ti N,high strength and ductility of GLSTi composites using microscopic analysis,TEM characterization,and tensile testing with digital image correlation.Besides,a digital correspondence was established between the N_(2) concentration and the volume fraction of LPBF in-situ synthesized Ti N.Our results show that the GLSTi composites exhibit superior mechanical properties compared to pure titanium fabricated by LPBF under pure Ar.Specifically,the tensile strength of GLSTi was more than 1.5times higher than that of LPBF-formed pure titanium,reaching up to 1100 MPa,while maintaining a high elongation at fracture of 17%.GLSTi breaks the bottleneck of high strength but low ductility exhibited by conventional nanoceramic particle-strengthened titanium matrix composites,and the hetero-deformation induced strengthening effect formed by the Ti N/Ti layered structure explained its strength-plasticity balanced principle.The microhardness exhibits a jagged variation of the relatively low hardness of 245 HV0.2 for the pure titanium layer and a high hardness of 408 HV0.2 for the N_(2) in-situ synthesis layer.Our study provides a new concept for the structure-performance digital customization of 3D-printed Ti-based composites. 展开更多
关键词 laser powder bed fusion layered structure composites in-situ synthesis TiN strength-plasticity synergy
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Utilizing a defective MgO layer for engineering multifunctional Co-MOF hybrid materials with tailored leaf-like and polyhedral structures for optimal electrochemical and photocatalytic activities
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作者 Mohammad Aadil Muhammad Ali Khan +1 位作者 Safira Ananda Repycha Mosab Kaseem 《Nano Materials Science》 EI CAS CSCD 2024年第5期548-564,共17页
The hybridization of metal-organic framework(MOF)with inorganic layers would lead to the discovery of novel hybrid materials that can provide a compelling strategy for enhancing its photocatalytic and electrochemical ... The hybridization of metal-organic framework(MOF)with inorganic layers would lead to the discovery of novel hybrid materials that can provide a compelling strategy for enhancing its photocatalytic and electrochemical response.In the present study,a highly efficient multifunctional hybrid material was developed by exploiting the defective layer formed on AZ31 Mg alloy through plasma electrolytic oxidation(PEO)as a nucleation and growth site for Co-MOF.The concentrations of the organic linker 2-Methylimidazole(2,MIm)and cobalt nitrate as a source of Co^(2+) ions were varied to control the growth of the obtained Co-MOF.Lower concentrations of the 2,MIm ligand favored the formation of leaf-like MOF structures through an anisotropic,two-dimensional growth,while higher concentrations led to rapid,isotropic nucleation and the creation of polyhedral Co-MOF structures.The sample characterized by polyhedral Co-MOF structures exhibited superior electrochemical stability,with the lowest corrosion current density(3.11×10^(-9) A/cm^(2))and the highest top layer resistance(2.34×10^(6)Ωcm^(2)),and demonstrated outstanding photocatalytic efficiency,achieving a remarkable 99.98%degradation of methylene blue,an organic pollutant,in model wastewater.To assess the active adsorption sites of the Co-MOF,density functional theory(DFT)was utilized.This study explores the changes in morphologies of the coatings of Co-MOF with the change of solution concentration to form coatings with enhanced properties on the metallic substrate,which could establish the groundwork for the development of next-generation multifunctional frameworks with diverse applications. 展开更多
关键词 Multifunctional layer MOF Polyhedral structures Corrosion Photocatalytic activity
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Reversible Mn^(2+)/Mn^(4+)double-electron redox in P3-type layer-structured sodium-ion cathode
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作者 Jie Zeng Jian Bao +8 位作者 Ya Zhang Xun-Lu Li Cui Ma Rui-Jie Luo Chong-Yu Du Xuan Xu Zhe Mei Zhe Qian Yong-Ning Zhou 《Journal of Energy Chemistry》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2024年第2期79-88,I0004,共11页
The balance between cationic redox and oxygen redox in layer-structured cathode materials is an important issue for sodium batteries to obtain high energy density and considerable cycle stability.Oxygen redox can cont... The balance between cationic redox and oxygen redox in layer-structured cathode materials is an important issue for sodium batteries to obtain high energy density and considerable cycle stability.Oxygen redox can contribute extra capacity to increase energy density,but results in lattice instability and capacity fading caused by lattice oxygen gliding and oxygen release.In this work,reversible Mn^(2+)/Mn^(4+)redox is realized in a P3-Na_(0.65)Li_(0.2)Co_(0.05)Mn_(0.75)O_(2)cathode material with high specific capacity and structure stability via Co substitution.The contribution of oxygen redox is suppressed significantly by reversible Mn^(2+)/Mn^(4+)redox without sacrificing capacity,thus reducing lattice oxygen release and improving the structure stability.Synchrotron X-ray techniques reveal that P3 phase is well maintained in a wide voltage window of 1.5-4.5 V vs.Na^(+)/Na even at 10 C and after long-term cycling.It is disclosed that charge compensation from Co/Mn-ions contributes to the voltage region below 4.2 V and O-ions contribute to the whole voltage range.The synergistic contributions of Mn^(2+)/Mn^(4+),Co^(2+)/Co^(3+),and O^(2-)/(O_n)^(2-)redox in P3-Na_(0.65)Li_(0.2)Co_(0.05)Mn_(0.75)O_(2)lead to a high reversible capacity of 215.0 m A h g^(-1)at 0.1 C with considerable cycle stability.The strategy opens up new opportunities for the design of high capacity cathode materials for rechargeable batteries. 展开更多
关键词 Sodium batteries Cathode materials layered structure Co substitution
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Large Eddy Simulation of Vertical Structure and Size Density of Deep Layer Clouds
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作者 Bangjun CAO Xianyu YANG +2 位作者 Jun WEN Qin HU Ziyuan ZHU 《Advances in Atmospheric Sciences》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2024年第8期1629-1642,1668-1670,共17页
In a convective scheme featuring a discretized cloud size density, the assumed lateral mixing rate is inversely proportional to the exponential coefficient of plume size. This follows a typical assumption of-1, but it... In a convective scheme featuring a discretized cloud size density, the assumed lateral mixing rate is inversely proportional to the exponential coefficient of plume size. This follows a typical assumption of-1, but it has unveiled inherent uncertainties, especially for deep layer clouds. Addressing this knowledge gap, we conducted comprehensive large eddy simulations and comparative analyses focused on terrestrial regions. Our investigation revealed that cloud formation adheres to the tenets of Bernoulli trials, illustrating power-law scaling that remains consistent regardless of the inherent deep layer cloud attributes existing between cloud size and the number of clouds. This scaling paradigm encompasses liquid, ice, and mixed phases in deep layer clouds. The exponent characterizing the interplay between cloud scale and number in the deep layer cloud, specifically for liquid, ice, or mixed-phase clouds, resembles that of shallow convection,but converges closely to zero. This convergence signifies a propensity for diminished cloud numbers and sizes within deep layer clouds. Notably, the infusion of abundant moisture and the release of latent heat by condensation within the lower atmospheric strata make substantial contributions. However, this role in ice phase formation is limited. The emergence of liquid and ice phases in deep layer clouds is facilitated by the latent heat and influenced by the wind shear inherent in the middle levels. These interrelationships hold potential applications in formulating parameterizations and post-processing model outcomes. 展开更多
关键词 deep layer cloud cloud spatial structure cloud size density large eddy simulation
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Layered Structural PBAT Composite Foams for Efficient Electromagnetic Interference Shielding 被引量:2
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作者 Jianming Yang Hu Wang +2 位作者 Yali Zhang Hexin Zhang Junwei Gu 《Nano-Micro Letters》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2024年第2期273-286,共14页
The utilization of eco-friendly,lightweight,high-efficiency and high-absorbing electromagnetic interference(EMI)shielding composites is imperative in light of the worldwide promotion of sustainable manufacturing.In th... The utilization of eco-friendly,lightweight,high-efficiency and high-absorbing electromagnetic interference(EMI)shielding composites is imperative in light of the worldwide promotion of sustainable manufacturing.In this work,magnetic poly(butyleneadipate-coterephthalate)(PBAT)microspheres were firstly synthesized via phase separation method,then PBAT composite foams with layered structure was constructed through the supercritical carbon dioxide foaming and scraping techniques.The merits of integrating ferroferric oxideloaded multi-walled carbon nanotubes(Fe3O4@MWCNTs)nanoparticles,a microcellular framework,and a highly conductive silver layer have been judiciously orchestrated within this distinctive layered configuration.Microwaves are consumed throughout the process of“absorption-reflection-reabsorption”as much as possible,which greatly declines the secondary radiation pollution.The biodegradable PBAT composite foams achieved an EMI shielding effectiveness of up to 68 dB and an absorptivity of 77%,and authenticated favorable stabilization after the tape adhesion experiment. 展开更多
关键词 Electromagnetic interference shielding layered structure Supercritical carbon dioxide foaming Poly(butyleneadipateco-terephthalate) MICROCELLULAR
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Influence of topography on the fine structures of stratospheric gravity waves:An analysis using COSMIC-2 temperature data 被引量:1
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作者 JiaRui Wei Xiao Liu +2 位作者 JiYao Xu QinZeng Li Hong Gao 《Earth and Planetary Physics》 EI CAS CSCD 2024年第3期497-513,共17页
We derive the potential energy of gravity waves(GWs)in the upper troposphere and stratosphere at 45°S-45°N from December 2019 to November 2022 by using temperature profiles retrieved from the Constellation O... We derive the potential energy of gravity waves(GWs)in the upper troposphere and stratosphere at 45°S-45°N from December 2019 to November 2022 by using temperature profiles retrieved from the Constellation Observing System for Meteorology,Ionosphere,and Climate-2(COSMIC-2)satellite.Owing to the dense sampling of COSMIC-2,in addition to the strong peaks of gravity wave potential energy(GWPE)above the Andes and Tibetan Plateau,we found weak peaks above the Rocky,Atlas,Caucasus,and Tianshan Mountains.The land-sea contrast is responsible for the longitudinal variations of the GWPE in the lower and upper stratosphere.At 40°N/S,the peaks were mainly above the topographic regions during the winter.At 20°N/S,the peaks were a slight distance away from the topographic regions and might be the combined effect of nontopographic GWs and mountain waves.Near the Equator,the peaks were mainly above the regions with the lowest sea level altitude and may have resulted from convection.Our results indicate that even above the local regions with lower sea level altitudes compared with the Andes and Tibetan Plateau,the GWPE also exhibits fine structures in geographic distributions.We found that dissipation layers above the tropopause jet provide the body force to generate secondary waves in the upper stratosphere,especially during the winter months of each hemisphere and at latitudes of greater than 20°N/S. 展开更多
关键词 TOPOGRAPHY fine structures stratospheric gravity waves Constellation Observing System for Meteorology Ionosphere and Climate-2(COSMIC-2) dissipation layers
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Case Studies of the Microphysical and Kinematic Structure of Summer Mesoscale Precipitation Clouds over the Eastern Tibetan Plateau
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作者 Shuo JIA Jiefan YANG Hengchi LEI 《Advances in Atmospheric Sciences》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2024年第1期97-114,共18页
Three cases of microphysical characteristics and kinematic structures in the negative temperature region of summer mesoscale cloud systems over the eastern Tibetan Plateau(TP)were investigated using X-band dual-polari... Three cases of microphysical characteristics and kinematic structures in the negative temperature region of summer mesoscale cloud systems over the eastern Tibetan Plateau(TP)were investigated using X-band dual-polarization radar.The time-height series of radar physical variables and mesoscale horizontal divergence δderived by quasi-vertical profiles(QVPs)indicated that the dendritic growth layer(DGL,-20°C to-10°C)was ubiquitous,with large-value zones of K_(DP)(specific differential phase),Z_(DR)(differential reflectivity),or both,and corresponded to various dynamic fields(ascent or descent).Ascents in the DGL of cloud systems with vigorous vertical development were coincident with large-value zones of Z_(DR),signifying ice crystals with a large axis ratio,but with no obvious large values of K_(DP),which differs from previous findings.It is speculated that ascent in the DGL promoted ice crystals to undergo further growth before sinking.If there was descent in the DGL,a high echo top corresponded to large values of K_(DP),denoting a large number concentration of ice crystals;but with the echo top descending,small values of K_(DP) formed.This is similar to previous results and reveals that a high echo top is conducive to the generation of ice crystals.When ice particles fall to low levels(-10℃ to 0℃),they grow through riming,aggregation,or deposition,and may not be related to the kinematic structure.It is important to note that this study was only based on a limited number of cases and that further research is therefore needed. 展开更多
关键词 Tibetan Plateau polarimetric variables MICROPHYSICS dendritic growth layer kinematic structure aggregation RIMING
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Structure characterization of the oxide film on FGH96 superalloy powders with various oxidation degrees
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作者 Yang Liu Yufeng Liu +6 位作者 Sha Zhang Lin Zhang Peng Zhang Shaorong Zhang Na Liu Zhou Li Xuanhui Qu 《International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2024年第9期2037-2047,共11页
The structure of the oxide film on FGH96 alloy powders significantly influences the mechanical properties of superalloys.In this study,FGH96 alloy powders with various oxygen contents were investigated using high-reso... The structure of the oxide film on FGH96 alloy powders significantly influences the mechanical properties of superalloys.In this study,FGH96 alloy powders with various oxygen contents were investigated using high-resolution transmission electron microscopy and atomic probe technology to elucidate the structure evolution of the oxide film.Energy dispersive spectrometer analysis revealed the presence of two distinct components in the oxide film of the alloy powders:amorphous oxide layer covering the γ matrix and amorphous oxide particles above the carbide.The alloying elements within the oxide layer showed a laminated distribution,with Ni,Co,Cr,and Al/Ti,which was attributed to the decreasing oxygen equilibrium pressure as oxygen diffused from the surface into the γ matrix.On the other hand,Ti enrichment was observed in the oxide particles caused by the oxidation and decomposition of the carbide phase.Comparative analysis of the oxide film with oxygen contents of 140,280,and 340 ppm showed similar element distributions,while the thickness of the oxide film varies approximately at 9,14,and 30 nm,respectively.These findings provide valuable insights into the structural analysis of the oxide film on FGH96 alloy powders. 展开更多
关键词 Ni-based superalloys surface structure oxide layer thickness oxidation behavior element distribution
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A Simplified Method for the Stress Analysis of Underground Transfer Structures Crossing Multiple Subway Tunnels
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作者 Shen Yan Dajiang Geng +2 位作者 Ning Dai Mingjian Long Zhicheng Bai 《Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences》 SCIE EI 2024年第6期2893-2915,共23页
According to the design specifications,the construction of extended piles involves traversing the tunnel’s upper region and extending to the underlying rock layer.To address this challenge,a subterranean transfer str... According to the design specifications,the construction of extended piles involves traversing the tunnel’s upper region and extending to the underlying rock layer.To address this challenge,a subterranean transfer structure spanning multiple subway tunnels was proposed.Deliberating on the function of piles in the transfer structure as springs with axial and bending stiffness,and taking into account the force balance and deformation coordination conditions of beams and plates within the transfer structure,we established a simplified mechanical model that incorporates soil stratification by combining it with the Winkler elastic foundation beam model.The resolved established simplifiedmechanicalmodel employed finite difference technology and the Newton-Simpsonmethod,elucidating the mechanical mechanism of the transfer structure.The research findings suggest that the load carried by the upper structural columns can be transferred to the pile foundation beneath the beams through the transfer structure,subsequently reaching the deep soil layer and ensuring minimal impact on adjacent tunnels.The established simplified analysis method can be used for stress analysis of the transfer structure,concurrently considering soil stratification,pile foundation behavior,and plate action.The pile length,pile section size,and beam section size within the transfer structure should account for the characteristics of the upper load,ensuring an even distribution of the beam bending moment. 展开更多
关键词 Crossing tunnels transfer structure force mechanism simplify analysis layered soil mass
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Experimental investigation of closed-loop active control to modulate coherent structures by mu-level method
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作者 白建侠 范子椰 +2 位作者 姜楠 李秋营 郑小波 《Chinese Physics B》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2024年第7期408-417,共10页
The experimental research on zero-net-mass-flux jet closed-loop active control was conducted in the wind tunnel.The mu-level method successfully detected burst events of the coherent structures. The streamwise velocit... The experimental research on zero-net-mass-flux jet closed-loop active control was conducted in the wind tunnel.The mu-level method successfully detected burst events of the coherent structures. The streamwise velocity signals in the turbulent boundary layer were measured by HWA. The drag reduction rate of 16.7% is obtained comparable to that of the open-loop control and saves 75% of the input energy at the asynchronous 100 V/160 Hz control case, which reflects the advantages of the closed-loop control. The experimental findings indicate that the intensity increases in the near-wall region.The perturbation of the PZT vibrators on the skewness factor is concentrated in the region y+< 60. The generation of highspeed fluids is depressed and the downward effect of high-speed fluids weakens. The alteration of energy distribution and the discernible impact of modulation between structures of varying scales are observed. The correlation coefficient exhibits a strong positive correlation, which indicates that the large-scale structures produce modulation effect on small-scale ones.The occurrence of burst events is effectively suppressed. The disturbance has the characteristics of stable periodicity,positive and negative symmetry, low intermittency, and high pulsation strength. The conditional phase waveform shows that the fluctuation amplitude increases, indicating amplitude modulation effects on coherent structures. 展开更多
关键词 turbulent boundary layer(TBL) burst event coherent structures mu-level method
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A Facile Li_(2)TiO_(3) Surface Modification to Improve the Structure Stability and Electrochemical Performance of Full Concentration Gradient Li-Rich Oxides
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作者 Naifang Hu Yuan Yang +5 位作者 Lin Li Yuhan Zhang Zhiwei Hu Lan Zhang Jun Ma Guanglei Cui 《Energy & Environmental Materials》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2024年第3期41-48,共8页
Full concentration gradient lithium-rich layered oxides are catching lots of interest as the next generation cathode for lithium-ion batteries due to their high discharge voltage,reduced voltage decay and enhanced rat... Full concentration gradient lithium-rich layered oxides are catching lots of interest as the next generation cathode for lithium-ion batteries due to their high discharge voltage,reduced voltage decay and enhanced rate performance,whereas the high lithium residues on its surface impairs the structure stability and long-term cycle performance.Herein,a facile multifunctional surface modification method is implemented to eliminate surface lithium residues of full concentration gradient lithium-rich layered oxides by a wet chemistry reaction with tetrabutyl titanate and the post-annealing process.It realizes not only a stable Li_(2)TiO_(3)coating layer with 3D diffusion channels for fast Li^(+)ions transfer,but also dopes partial Ti^(4+)ions into the sub-surface region of full concentration gradient lithium-rich layered oxides to further strengthen its crystal structure.Consequently,the modified full concentration gradient lithium-rich layered oxides exhibit improved structure stability,elevated thermal stability with decomposition temperature from 289.57℃to 321.72℃,and enhanced cycle performance(205.1 mAh g^(-1)after 150 cycles)with slowed voltage drop(1.67 mV per cycle).This work proposes a facile and integrated modification method to enhance the comprehensive performance of full concentration gradient lithium-rich layered oxides,which can facilitate its practical application for developing higher energy density lithium-ion batteries. 展开更多
关键词 full concentration gradient lithium-rich layered oxides structure stability surface modification
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Aseismic performances of constrained damping lining structures made of rubber-sand-concrete
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作者 Xiancheng Mei Qian Sheng +4 位作者 Jian Chen Zhen Cui Jianhe Li Chuanqi Li Daniel Dias 《Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering》 SCIE CSCD 2024年第5期1522-1537,共16页
Flexible damping technology considering aseismic materials and aseismic structures seems be a good solution for engineering structures.In this study,a constrained damping structure for underground tunnel lining,using ... Flexible damping technology considering aseismic materials and aseismic structures seems be a good solution for engineering structures.In this study,a constrained damping structure for underground tunnel lining,using a rubber-sand-concrete(RSC)as the aseismic material,is proposed.The aseismic performances of constrained damping structure were investigated by a series of hammer impact tests.The damping layer thickness and shape effects on the aseismic performance such as effective duration and acceleration amplitude of time-domain analysis,composite loss factor and damping ratio of the transfer function analysis,and total vibration level of octave spectrum analysis were discussed.The hammer impact tests revealed that the relationship between the aseismic performance and damping layer thickness was not linear,and that the hollow damping layer had a better aseismic performance than the flat damping layer one.The aseismic performances of constrained damping structure under different seismicity magnitudes and geological conditions were investigated.The effects of the peak ground acceleration(PGA)and tunnel overburden depth on the aseismic performances such as the maximum principal stress and equivalent plastic strain(PEEQ)were discussed.The numerical results show the constrained damping structure proposed in this paper has a good aseismic performance,with PGA in the range(0.2-1.2)g and tunnel overburden depth in the range of 0-300 m. 展开更多
关键词 Constrained damping structure Aseismic performance Hammer impact tests Damping layer Peak ground acceleration Overburden depth
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Inhibiting Voltage Decay in Li-Rich Layered Oxide Cathode:From O3-Type to O2-Type Structural Design
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作者 Guohua Zhang Xiaohui Wen +2 位作者 Yuheng Gao Renyuan Zhang Yunhui Huang 《Nano-Micro Letters》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2024年第12期81-102,共22页
Li-rich layered oxide(LRLO)cathodes have been regarded as promising candidates for next-generation Li-ion batteries due to their exceptionally high energy density,which combines cationic and anionic redox activities.H... Li-rich layered oxide(LRLO)cathodes have been regarded as promising candidates for next-generation Li-ion batteries due to their exceptionally high energy density,which combines cationic and anionic redox activities.However,continuous voltage decay during cycling remains the primary obstacle for practical applications,which has yet to be fundamentally addressed.It is widely acknowledged that voltage decay originates from the irreversible migration of transition metal ions,which usually further exacerbates structural evolution and aggravates the irreversible oxygen redox reactions.Recently,constructing O2-type structure has been considered one of the most promising approaches for inhibiting voltage decay.In this review,the relationship between voltage decay and structural evolution is systematically elucidated.Strategies to suppress voltage decay are systematically summarized.Additionally,the design of O2-type structure and the corresponding mechanism of suppressing voltage decay are comprehensively discussed.Unfortunately,the reported O2-type LRLO cathodes still exhibit partially disordered structure with extended cycles.Herein,the factors that may cause the irreversible transition metal migrations in O2-type LRLO materials are also explored,while the perspectives and challenges for designing high-performance O2-type LRLO cathodes without voltage decay are proposed. 展开更多
关键词 Lithium-ion batteries Li-rich layered oxide Voltage decay Migration of transition metal ions O2-type structural design
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Different Turbulent Regimes and Vertical Turbulence Structures of the Urban Nocturnal Stable Boundary Layer
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作者 Yu SHI Qingcun ZENG +4 位作者 Fei HU Weichen DING Zhe ZHANG Kang ZHANG Lei LIU 《Advances in Atmospheric Sciences》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2023年第6期1089-1103,共15页
Turbulence in the nocturnal boundary layer(NBL)is still not well characterized,especially over complex underlying surfaces.Herein,gradient tower data and eddy covariance data collected by the Beijing 325-m tower were ... Turbulence in the nocturnal boundary layer(NBL)is still not well characterized,especially over complex underlying surfaces.Herein,gradient tower data and eddy covariance data collected by the Beijing 325-m tower were used to better understand the differentiating characteristics of turbulence regimes and vertical turbulence structure of urban the NBL.As for heights above the urban canopy layer(UCL),the relationship between turbulence velocity scale(VTKE)and wind speed(V)was consistent with the“HOckey-Stick”(HOST)theory proposed for a relatively flat area.Four regimes have been identified according to urban nocturnal stable boundary layer.Regime 1 occurs where local shear plays a leading role for weak turbulence under the constraint that the wind speed V<VT(threshold wind speed).Regime 2 is determined by the existence of strong turbulence that occurs when V>VT and is mainly driven by bulk shear.Regime 3 is identified by the existence of moderate turbulence when upside-down turbulence sporadic bursts occur in the presence of otherwise weak turbulence.Regime 4 is identified as buoyancy turbulence,when V>VT,and the turbulence regime is affected by a combination of local wind shear,bulk shear and buoyancy turbulence.The turbulence activities demonstrated a weak thermal stratification dependency in regime 1,for which within the UCL,the turbulence intensity was strongly affected by local wind shear when V<VT.This study further showed typical examples of different stable boundary layers and the variations between turbulence regimes by analyzing the evolution of wind vectors.Partly because of the influence of large-scale motions,the power spectral density of vertical velocity for upsidedown structure showed an increase at low frequencies.The upside-down structures were also characterized by the highest frequency of the stable stratifications in the higher layer. 展开更多
关键词 urban canopy layer stable boundary layer upside-down TURBULENCE vertical structure
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Horizontal structure of convergent wind shear associated with sporadic E layers over East Asia
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作者 LiHui Qiu Xian Lu +8 位作者 Tao Yu Yosuke Yamazaki HuiXin Liu Yang-Yi Sun HaoNan Wu XiaoMin Zuo XiangXiang Yan Yan Yu YiFan Qi 《Earth and Planetary Physics》 CAS CSCD 2023年第5期548-557,共10页
At present,the main detection instruments for observing sporadic E(Es)layers are ground-based radars,dense networks of ground-based global navigation satellite system(GNSS)receivers,and GNSS radio occultation,but they... At present,the main detection instruments for observing sporadic E(Es)layers are ground-based radars,dense networks of ground-based global navigation satellite system(GNSS)receivers,and GNSS radio occultation,but they cannot capture the whole picture of the horizontal structure of Es layers.This study employs the Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model with thermosphere and ionosphere eXtension model(WACCM-X 2.1)to derive the horizontal structure of the ion convergence region(HSICR)to explore the shapes of the large-scale Es layers over East Asia for the period from June 1 to August 31,2008.The simulation produced the various shapes of the HSICRs elongated in the northwest-southeast,northeast-southwest,or composed of individual small patches.The close connection between Es layer critical frequency(foEs)and vertical ion convergence indicates that the HSICR is a good candidate for revealing and explaining the horizontal structure of the large-scale Es layers. 展开更多
关键词 sporadic E layer horizontal structure wind shear WACCM-X model
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High-Throughput Growth of Hexagonal Boron Nitride Film Using Porous-Structure Isolation Layer
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作者 Ruitao Jia Fangzhu Qing Xuesong Li 《Journal of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering》 CAS 2023年第3期45-51,共7页
Chemical vapor deposition is considered as the most hopeful method for the synthesis of large-area high-quality hexagonal boron nitride on the substrate of catalytic metal. However, the size the hexagonal boron nitrid... Chemical vapor deposition is considered as the most hopeful method for the synthesis of large-area high-quality hexagonal boron nitride on the substrate of catalytic metal. However, the size the hexagonal boron nitride films are limited to the size of growth chamber, which indicates a lower production efficiency. In this paper, the utilization efficiency of growth chamber is highly improved by alternately stacking multiple pieces of Cu foils and carbon fiber surface felt with porous structure. Uniform and continuous hexagonal boron nitride films are prepared on Cu foils through chemical vapor deposition utilizing ammonia borane as the precursor. This work develops a simple and practicable method for high-throughput preparation of hexagonal boron nitride films, which could contribute to the industrial application of hexagonal boron nitride. . 展开更多
关键词 Hexagonal Boron Nitride Chemical Vapor Deposition Porous structure Isolation layer High Throughput
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Formation mechanism of periodic layered structure in Ni_3Si/Zn system
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作者 刘亚 董振 +2 位作者 宋媛媛 苏旭平 涂浩 《Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2014年第12期4053-4058,共6页
The formation of periodic layered structure in Ni3Si/Zn diffusion couples with Zn in vapor or liquid state was investigated by SEM-EDS, FESEM and XRD. The results show that the diffusion path in solid-liquid reaction ... The formation of periodic layered structure in Ni3Si/Zn diffusion couples with Zn in vapor or liquid state was investigated by SEM-EDS, FESEM and XRD. The results show that the diffusion path in solid-liquid reaction is Ni3Si/(T+γ)/γ/…T/γ/Ni4Zn12Si3/γ/…Ni4Zn12Si3/γ/Ni4Zn12Si3/δ…/Ni4Zn12Si3/δ/liquid-Zn, and the diffusion path in solid-vapor reaction is Ni3Si/θ/(T+γ)/γ/…/T/γ/…T/γ/vapor-Zn. With increasing Zn diffusion flux, the diffusion reaction path moves toward the Zn-rich direction, and the distance from the Ni3Si substrate to the periodic layer pair nearest to the interface decreases. In the initial stage of both reactions,γphase nucleates and grows within T matrix phase at first, and then conjuncts together to form a band to reduce the surface energy. Based on the experimental results and diffusion kinetics analysis, the microstructure differences were compared and the formation mechanism of the periodic layered structure in Ni3Si/Zn system was discussed. 展开更多
关键词 NI3SI ZN periodic layered structure INTERFACE DIFFUSION
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NONLINEAR EFFECT OF LOCAL ROUGH WALL ON LARGE EDDY STRUCTURE IN BOUNDARY LAYER
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作者 陆昌根 曹卫东 张艳梅 《Transactions of Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics》 EI 2008年第3期194-200,共7页
Based on the building of a theoretical model for the large eddy structure, the nonlinear effect of the local rough wall on the large eddy structure in the boundary layer is studied by direct numerical simulation. Nume... Based on the building of a theoretical model for the large eddy structure, the nonlinear effect of the local rough wall on the large eddy structure in the boundary layer is studied by direct numerical simulation. Numerical results show that factors of the local rough feature, the distributing structure and the intensity, etc. play an important role in the evolution of the large eddy structure in the boundary layer. 展开更多
关键词 surface roughness boundary layers large eddy structure
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Recent progress in flexible capacitive sensors:Structures and properties 被引量:1
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作者 Zhuyu Ma Yang Zhang +2 位作者 Kaiyi Zhang Hua Deng Qiang Fu 《Nano Materials Science》 EI CAS CSCD 2023年第3期265-277,共13页
The future intelligent era that will be brought about by 5G technology can be well predicted.For example,the connection between humans and smart wearable devices will become increasingly more intimate.Flexible wearabl... The future intelligent era that will be brought about by 5G technology can be well predicted.For example,the connection between humans and smart wearable devices will become increasingly more intimate.Flexible wearable pressure sensors have received much attention as a part of this process.Nevertheless,there is a lack of complete and detailed discussion on the recent research status of capacitive pressure sensors composed of polymer composites.Therefore,this article will mainly discuss the key concepts,preparation methods and main performance of flexible wearable capacitive sensors.The concept of a processing“toolbox”is used to review the developmental status of the dielectric layer as revealed in highly cited literature from the past five years.The preparation methods are categorized into types of processing:primary and secondary.Using these categories,the preparation methods and structure of the dielectric layer are discussed.Their influence on the final capacitive sensing behavior is also addressed.Recent developments in the electrode layer are also systematically reviewed.Finally,the results of the above discussion are summarized and future development trends are discussed. 展开更多
关键词 Capacitive sensors Dielectric layer structures and properties PROCESSING
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Characteristics of the Boundary Layer Structure of Sea Fog on the Coast of Southern China 被引量:16
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作者 黄辉军 刘洪年 +2 位作者 蒋维楣 黄健 毛伟康 《Advances in Atmospheric Sciences》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2011年第6期1377-1389,共13页
Using boundary layer data with regard to sea fog observed at the Science Experiment Base for Marine Meteorology at Bohe,Guangdong Province,the structure of the atmospheric boundary layer and the characteristics of the... Using boundary layer data with regard to sea fog observed at the Science Experiment Base for Marine Meteorology at Bohe,Guangdong Province,the structure of the atmospheric boundary layer and the characteristics of the tops of the fog and the clouds were analyzed.In addition,the effects of advection,radiation,and turbulence during sea fog were also investigated.According to the stability definition of saturated,wet air,the gradient of the potential pseudo-equivalent temperature equal to zero was defined as the thermal turbulence interface.There is evidence to suggest that two layers of turbulence exist in sea fog.Thermal turbulence produced by long-wave radiation is prevalent above the thermal turbulence interface,whereas mechanical turbulence aroused by wind shear is predominant below the interface.The height of the thermal turbulence interface was observed between 180 m and 380 m.Three important factors are closely related to the development of the top of the sea fog:(1) the horizontal advection of the water vapor,(2) the long-wave radiation of the fog top,and(3) the movement of the vertical turbulence.Formation,development,and dissipation are the three possible phases of the evolution of the boundary-layer structure during the sea fog season.In addition,the thermal turbulence interface is the most significant turbulence interface during the formation and development periods;it is maintained after sea fog rises into the stratus layer. 展开更多
关键词 coast of Southern China sea fog boundary layer structure advection RADIATION TURBULENCE
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