Analytical solutions for the restraint effect of isolation piles against tunneling-induced vertical ground displacements

This paper presents a simplified elastic continuum method for calculating the restraint effect of isolation piles on tunneling-induced vertical ground displacement,which can consider not only the relative sliding of the pile‒soil interface but also the pile rowesoil interaction.The proposed method is verified by comparisons with existing theoretical methods,including the boundary element method and the elastic foundation method.The results reveal the restraining mechanism of the isolation piles on vertical ground displacements due to tunneling,i.e.the positive and negative restraint effects exerted by the isolation piles jointly drive the ground vertical displacement along the depth direction from the original tunneling-induced nonlinear variation situation to a relatively uniform situation.The results also indicate that the stiffness of the pile‒soil interface,including the pile shaft‒surrounding soil interface and pile tip-supporting soil interface,describes the strength of the pile‒soil interaction.The pile rows can confine the vertical ground displacement caused by the tunnel excavation to the inner side of the isolation piles and effectively prevent the vertical ground displacement from expanding further toward the outer side of the isolation piles.

The Effectiveness of Group Cooperative Learning Method in Badminton Teaching in Colleges and Universities

In college badminton teaching,teachers utilize the group cooperative learning method,which not only helps to improve students’badminton skill level but also cultivates their teamwork spirit,communication skills,and self-management ability unconsciously.In view of this,this paper mainly describes the significance of applying the group cooperative learning method in college badminton teaching,analyzes the current problems in college badminton teaching,and aims to discover effective development strategies for group cooperative learning method in college badminton teaching in order to improve the effectiveness of college badminton teaching.

Soil Plug Effect Prediction and Pile Driveability Analysis for Large-Diameter Steel Piles in Ocean Engineering

Long steel piles with large diameters have been more widely used in the field of ocean engineering. Owing to the pile with a large diameter, soil plug development during pile driving has great influences on pile driveability and bearing capacity. The response of soil plug developed inside the open-ended pipe pile during the dynamic condition of pile-driving is different from the response under the static condition of loading during service. This paper addresses the former aspect. A numerical procedure for soil plug effect prediction and pile driveabihty analysis is proposed and described. By taking into consideration of the pile dimension effect on side and tip resistance, this approach introduces a dimensional coefficient to the conventional static eqnihbrium equations for the plug differential unit and proposes an improved static equity method for the plug effect prediction. At the same time, this approach introduces a simplified model by use of one-dimensional stress wave equation to simulate the interaction between soil plug and pile inner wall. The proposed approach has been applied in practical engineering analyses. Results show that the calculated plug effect and pile driveabihty based on the proposed approach agree well with the observed data.

Effects of topography on dynamic responses of single piles under vertical cyclic loading

This paper describes model tests of single piles subjected to vertical cyclic compressive loading for three kinds of topography: sloping ground, level ground, and inclined bedrock. Comprehensive dynamic responses involving cyclic effects and vibration behaviours are studied under various load combinations of dynamic amplitude, mean load,frequency and number of cycles. Test results show that permanent settlement can generally be predicted with a quadratic function or power function of cycles.Sloping ground topography produces more pronounced settlement than level ground under the same load condition. For vibration behaviour,displacement amplitude is weakly affected by the number of cycles, while load amplitude significantly influences dynamic responses. Test results also reveal that increasing load amplitude intensifies nonlinearity and topography effects. The strain distribution in a pile and soil stress at the pile tip are displayed to investigate the vibration mechanism accounting for sloping ground effects. Furthermore, the dynamic characteristics among three kinds of topography in the elastic stage are studied using a three-dimensional finite method. Numerical results are validated by comparing with experimental results for base inclination topography. An inclined soil profile boundary causes non-axisymmetric resultant deformation, though a small difference in vertical displacement is observed.

Study on the squeezing effect of open-ended pipe piles

During the installation of a pipe pile,the soil around the pile will be squeezed out. This paper deals with this squeezing effect of open-ended pipe piles using the cylindrical cavity expansion theory. The characteristics of soil with different tension and compression moduli and dilation are involved by applying the elastic theory with different moduli and logarithmic strain. The closed-form solutions of the radius of the plastic region,the displacement of the boundary between the plastic region and the elastic region and the expansion pressure on the external surface of the pipe piles are obtained. When obtaining these solutions,the soil plug in the open-ended pipe pile is considered by employing an incremental filling ratio to quantify the degree of soil plugging. Moreover,the effects of the ratio of tension and compression moduli,angle of dilation and incremental filling ratio on the radius of the plastic region and the expansion pressure on the external surface of the pipe pile are investigated. The parametric analyses show that it is necessary and important to consider the difference between the tension modulus and compression modulus,dilation angle and incremental filling ratio for studying the squeezing effect of open-ended pipe pile installation. It is concluded that the analytical solutions presented in this paper are suitable for studying the squeezing effect of open-ended pipe piles.

On the grouping effect of the l_(1-2)models

This paper aims to study the mathematical properties of the l vmodels that employ measurement matrices with correlated columns.We first show that the l_(1-2)model satisfies the grouping effect which ensures that coefficients corresponding to highly correlated columns in a measurement matrix have small differences.Then we provide the stability analysis based on the sparse approximation property.When the entries of the vectors have different signs,we show that the grouping effect also holds for the constraint l_(1-2)minimization model which is implicated by the linearized Bregman iteration.

Numerical Study of Piles Group under Seismic Loading in Frictinal Soil—Inclination Effect

Recent devastating earthquakes in some countries, such as Pakistan, Turkey, Algeria and China, call to the mind the high risk exposure of Lebanon which is located over an active seismic zone. Many experts shared the view that major seismic event may occur in Lebanon in the future. Moreover, many earthquakes, of low magnitudes between three and four, have been registered in Lebanon during 2008. These events have increased the anxiety of Lebanese people because of the poor quality of the constructions and their behavior under moderate or severe earthquake events. The efficient way to minimize seismic effects, material and human losses, is the prevention. The system piles-foundation is an appropriate way and widely used to ensure the stability of constructions when subjected to seismic excitation. It seems necessary to study the interaction of pile-foundation-pile-cap-structure in the case of non linear soil behavior and the interface pile-soil. The study will be also conducted by using measures recorded during real earthquakes for example in Turkey (Kocaeli, 1999). In this paper, we present a numerical modeling of the interaction of using FLAC3D software. According to soil behavior and pile inclination, parametric studies are also performed. The analysis of the results could give the better piles group configuration in order to minimize the seismic effect on the structures.

Can environmental sustainability be decoupled from economic growth? Empirical evidence from Eastern Europe using the common correlated effect mean group test

The European Union(EU) and Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development(OECD) aim to develop long-term policies for their respective member countries. Having observed increasing dangers to the environment posed by rising economic growth, they are seeking pathways to enable policy action on economic growth and environmental sustainability. Given the facts in theoretical and empirical studies, this study assessed the validity of the decoupling hypothesis by investigating asymmetricity in the relationship between environmental sustainability and economic growth in nine Eastern European countries from 1998 to 2017 using the cross-section augmented Dickey-Fuller(CADF) unit root, panel corrected standard error(PCSE), common correlated effect mean group(CCEMG), and Dumitrescu Hurlin causality approaches. Both population growth and drinking water are used as controlled variables. The outcomes establish strong cointegration among all the variables of interest. According to the results of CCEMG test, economic growth exerts short-term environmental degradation but has long-term environmental benefits in Eastern Europe;and population growth and drinking water exert a positive effect on environmental sustainability in both the short-and long-run. The results of Dumitrescu Hurlin causality test indicate that environmental sustainability is unidirectionally affected by economic growth. Based on these outcomes, we suggest the following policies:(1) the EU and OECD should implement member-targeted policies on economic growth and fossil-fuel use towards regulating industrial pollution, water use, and population control;and(2) the EU and OECD member countries should invest in environmental technologies through green research and development(R&D) to transform their dirty industrial processes and ensure productive energy use.

Effects of non-liquefiable crust layer and superstructure mass on the response of 2×2 pile groups to liquefaction-induced lateral spreading

In this research,two shake table experiments were conducted to study the effects of non-liquefiable crust layer and superstructure mass on the responses of two sets of 22 pile groups to liquefactioninduced lateral spreading.In this regard,an inclined base layer overlain by a very loose liquefiable layer was constructed in both models;while only in one model,a non-liquefiable crust layer was built.A lumped mass,being representative of a superstructure,was attached to the cap of one pile group in both models.The models were fully instrumented with various sensors,including acceleration,displacement,and pore water pressure transducers.Also,the piles were instrumented with pair strain gauges to measure pure bending moments induced by cyclic and monotonic loadings associated with ground shaking and lateral spreading,respectively.The results showed that the existence of the non-liquefiable crust layer increases both the maximum and residual soil displacements at the free field and also the maximum bending moments in the piles.The results of the experiments indicated that the crust layer induces a high kinematic lateral soil pressure and force on the piles which are not present in the crustless case.The crust layer increases the pile cap displacement before liquefaction,albeit decreases it after liquefaction,due to the elastic rebound of the piles in the liquefiable layer.The crust layer postpones both liquefaction triggering and dissipation of excess pore water pressure.The existence of the superstructure mass on the pile caps decreases the acceleration amplitude of the pile caps,while increases their maximum displacement.

Stabilizing Buried Interface via Synergistic Effect of Fluorine and Sulfonyl Functional Groups Toward Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells

The interfacial defects and energy barrier are main reasons for interfacial nonradiative recombination.In addition,poor perovskite crystallization and incomplete conversion of PbI_(2) to perovskite restrict further enhancement of the photovoltaic performance of the devices using sequential deposition.Herein,a buried interface stabilization strategy that relies on the synergy of fluorine(F)and sulfonyl(S=O)functional groups is proposed.A series of potassium salts containing halide and non-halogen anions are employed to modify SnO_(2)/perovskite buried interface.Multiple chemical bonds including hydrogen bond,coordination bond and ionic bond are realized,which strengthens interfacial contact and defect passivation effect.The chemical interaction between modification molecules and perovskite along with SnO_(2) heightens incessantly as the number of S=O and F augments.The chemical interaction strength between modifiers and perovskite as well as SnO_(2) gradually increases with the increase in the number of S=O and F.The defect passivation effect is positively correlated with the chemical interaction strength.The crystallization kinetics is regulated through the compromise between chemical interaction strength and wettability of substrates.Compared with Cl−,all non-halogen anions perform better in crystallization optimization,energy band regulation and defect passivation.The device with potassium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide achieves a tempting efficiency of 24.17%.

社交媒体广告接触对中国青年群体物质主义倾向的影响

研究在全国范围内展开大型问卷调查,提出社交媒体广告接触正向影响青年群体物质主义倾向,并验证社交网络日常化参与的中介作用以及地区差异的调节作用。其中地区差异的调节作用具体表现为:相较于南方地区,北方地区青年群体的社交媒体广告接触对物质主义倾向的强化影响更为显著;相较于二、三线城市,一线城市青年群体的社交媒体广告接触对物质主义倾向的强化影响更为显著;相较于高文化紧密度地区,低文化紧密度地区青年群体的社交媒体广告接触对物质主义倾向的强化影响更为显著。研究关注广告的社会效果,为后续社交媒体广告社会效果的理论建构奠定基础。

扩底桩竖向承载特性及群桩效应研究

为探明扩底群桩竖向承载特性,采用扩底桩筏结构,开展单桩(扩径比分别为1.5、2.0、2.5、3.0)和桩筏(扩径比为2)基础静载模型试验,分析其荷载传递规律,并建立桩间距为3.75、4.00、4.50、5.00倍桩直径时扩底桩筏基础有限元模型,研究桩间距对群桩效应影响。结果表明:扩底单桩和扩底桩筏结构荷载沉降曲线均为缓变型;扩底桩极限承载力随扩径比增大而逐渐增大,扩径比2.5~3.0时极限承载力增幅变缓,建议扩底桩扩径比取2.5~3.0;由于桩土共同沉降,桩间土压缩,桩土作用更充分,扩底桩筏基础中心桩侧摩阻力荷载分担比比扩底单桩增大了17.71%;群桩效应系数随桩间距增大而逐渐增大,桩间距为4.5~5.0倍桩直径时群桩效应系数增幅较小,群桩效应较弱,建议扩底桩筏基础桩间距取值不小于4.5倍桩直径。

考虑应力梯度效应的金属微梁屈服模型研究

一系列微加载测试结果表明,金属微梁的弯曲强度会随着材料外部几何特征尺寸的减小而显著升高,呈现出明显的尺寸相关性.基于位错塞积模型,探讨了纯金属单晶微梁的初始屈服应力,并提出了描述其尺寸相关性行为的关键内禀特征长度.通过综合分析现有的微梁弯曲实验及其离散位错动力学数值模拟结果,并考虑到位错-自由表面交互作用的影响,提出了一种仅涉及位错源的位错塞积构型.在此构型下,对线性应力梯度作用下的位错塞积行为进行了连续性分析,并建立了一个由位错源主导的应力梯度屈服模型.该模型有效地解释了微梁初始屈服应力的尺寸相关性,并与实验结果一致.研究结果表明,针对外部几何特征尺寸在数微米及以下的纯金属单晶微梁,位错塞积行为是其尺寸相关性行为的主导机制,而且刻画这种行为需要两个内禀特征长度参数,即位错源长度和位错塞积长度.为解释非均匀加载条件下微尺度晶体材料屈服应力的尺寸相关性行为,特别是纯金属单晶微梁,提供了新的视角.

微型木桩的群桩效应研究

木材广泛存在于我国村镇中,其取材加工方便,价格低廉,用作村镇住宅的基础结构,可有效减少村镇住宅的能源消耗,符合绿色建筑理念。本文以微型木桩为研究对象,通过离心机模型试验和有限元数值分析,研究了微型木桩在砂土和粉质黏土土层条件下的群桩承载力和群桩效应系数。结果表明,微型木桩的群桩效应系数η在砂土中大于1,在黏土中小于1,受桩土刚度比的影响较小;桩径减小改变了群桩最优桩间距,砂土中微型木桩η随着桩的距径比Sa/D的增大逐渐增大,在Sa/D=6时出现峰值,常规桩在Sa/D=3时达到最大,微型木桩最优桩间距大于常规桩;黏土中,微型木桩η峰值对应的Sa/D=4小于常规桩η峰值对应的Sa/D=6,微型木桩最优桩间距小于常规桩;微型木桩群桩效应系数随内摩擦角和不排水抗剪强度的增大而减小,随距径比的增大先增加后减小,随桩数的增加而增大。

钙质砂地基中群桩基础荷载传递特性研究

为研究钙质砂地基中群桩基础承载过程中的性能特征,开展不同桩距条件下群桩基础静载试验.得到不同桩距条件下群桩的Q-S曲线和S-lgt曲线,测得3d、4.5d、6d(d为桩径)群桩在静载条件下的极限承载力F_(u),研究各个桩段的桩身轴力、桩侧摩阻力以及桩端阻力的变化趋势.研究结果表明:群桩的Q-S曲线为缓变型,S-lgt曲线为渐变型,桩基承载变形大致分为稳定、渐进以及破坏3个阶段,相较于3d群桩,4.5d、6d群桩沉降发展更缓慢,F_(u)更高;同等桩距下,钙质砂地基表现出比陆源砂地基更强的群桩效应,钙质砂地基中群桩最佳桩距应在4.5d~6d之间.该研究为群桩在钙质砂地基中的应用提供数据支撑和理论参考.

变刚度地基上隔震结构群桩基础动力响应试验研究

通过控制输入地震动持时压缩比和强度的方法,提出了变刚度地基上桩基基础隔震结构振动台模型试验方法,并结合已完成的不同地基上桩基基础隔震结构系列振动台模型试验,分析了地基刚度变化对隔震结构群桩基础动力学特性的影响规律。结果表明,结构-土体相对刚度比和输入地震动强度显著影响隔震结构群桩基础弯矩反应,强震下结构-土体相对刚度比越大,隔震结构群桩基础中间桩体上部弯矩反应幅值增大越显著,而中间桩体下部弯矩幅值较小。当输入加速度峰值和结构-土体相对刚度比R大于一定限值时,群桩基础震陷显著增加,群桩基础承台转动反应强烈,同时群桩基础桩顶水平位移在主震后出现明显的单边累积水平位移,说明强震作用下地基刚度变化过程中隔震结构群桩基础上部更易出现地震破坏,而群桩基础震陷与基础承台强烈转动反应的共同作用可能是导致隔震结构群桩基础上部弯矩骤增的主因。

砾砂地层盾构切削大直径群桩的刀具研究

刀盘刀具是盾构机实现切削功能并保证其顺利推进的主要部件,合适的刀具选型与设计在保证盾构机成功切削大直径钢筋混凝土群桩的过程中至关重要。依托沈阳地铁4号线盾构切桩工程,结合盾构穿越砾砂地层的工程特点以及切削大直径钢筋混凝土群桩的工程需求,对刀盘刀具进行选型,采用LS-DYNA软件模拟不同刃宽、刃角及前角的贝壳刀切削钢筋的效果。将分析结果应用于该工程,通过对比切桩前后既有隧道沉降变化规律论证刀具选型设计的合理性,并根据切桩后的贝壳刀磨损规律及盾构机排出钢筋情况,评估刀盘刀具切削效果,从而优化刀盘的刀具布置。研究结果表明:盾构刀盘采用面板+辐条复合式直角刀盘,切桩刀具采用前角-45°零后角、5 mm刃宽、90°刃角的双面刃贝壳刀,可提升盾构切桩效果;盾构切桩过程中既有隧道的变形波动控制在1.1 mm内,切桩完成后既有隧道的最大沉降仅为1.96 mm,未对既有隧道造成明显影响;刀盘布置贝壳刀时,应增加高度为210 mm的贝壳刀数量,尤其需要避免单个辐条上仅有1把高度为210 mm贝壳刀的情况,可有效提高刀盘刀具切削钢筋的能力并降低崩刃风险。刀具选型设计结果成功应用于沈阳地铁4号线切桩工程,可为今后类似工程提供参考。

两种咔唑基-吡啶-N-氧化物内盐荧光极性探针研究

合成了4-(9H-咔唑-9-基)吡啶1-氧化物(CPNO)和4-(4-(9H-咔唑-9-基)苯基)吡啶1-氧化物(CPPNO)两种咔唑基-吡啶-N-氧化物内盐,测定了它们在不同溶剂中的紫外-可见吸收和荧光光谱,均表现出对溶剂极性较好的敏感性。计算表明,两个化合物都具有较大的激发态偶极矩,是化合物溶剂极性敏感性的原因。研究为开发新型的荧光极性探针提供了一种新思路。

非挤土桩对于砂土地层地震液化的影响机制研究

如何通过工程措施实现地基抗液化能力的有效提升,是岩土工程领域近年来研究的热点问题之一。非挤土桩作为地基处理的常用措施,其加固后地层的抗液化能力能否得到提升,在学术界还存在着一定争议,主要原因是其对于砂层地震液化的影响机制尚未明确。针对该问题,本文开展了干砂及饱和砂土原状场地与非挤土桩加固场地的超重力模型试验,通过对比不同试验中地层的动力响应与超静孔隙水压力的发生发展规律,首次发现非挤土桩对于地层的作用机制并非仅有“刚度效应”,还有因振动过程中桩-土变形不协调而产生的附加作用力,该作用力将显著提升浅层土体的应力及应变水平,加大其液化的可能性,且随着埋深增加,该附加作用力逐渐变小,“刚度效应”将逐渐占据主导地位,相关研究成果可为进一步揭示非挤土桩抗震加固机理、评估其加固效果提供一定的基础和支撑。

基于水平旋喷桩处置优化的地铁隧道施工变形控制分析

为研究富水砂层隧道中水平旋喷桩+超前小导管组合预加固的效果,以青岛地铁某区间段隧道为依托,采用有限元数值模拟方法,对比分析了无预加固、单独使用水平旋喷桩及旋喷桩配合超前小导管组合预加固三种工况的加固效果。结果表明,与无预加固方案相比,单独使用水平旋喷桩预加固可使地表沉降、拱顶沉降、掌子面纵向位移分别相应减少约61%、59%、38%;而水平旋喷桩与超前小导管组合预加固方案可使地表沉降、拱顶沉降、掌子面纵向位移分别相应减少约66%、77.6%、38.9%,典型开挖断面处与拱脚处地下水渗流量分别减少93.4%、96.7%,预加固效果与止水效果显著。