Single injection of platelet-rich plasma as a novel treatment of carpal tunnel syndrome

Both in vitro and in vivo experiments have confirmed that platelet-rich plasma has therapeutic effects on many neuropathies, but its effects on carpal tunnel syndrome remain poorly understood. We aimed to investigate whether single injection of platelet-rich plasma can improve the clinical symptoms of carpal tunnel syndrome. Fourteen patients presenting with median nerve injury who had suffered from mild carpal tunnel syndrome for over 3 months were included in this study. Under ultrasound guidance, 1-2 m L of platelet-rich plasma was injected into the region around the median nerve at the proximal edge of the carpal tunnel. At 1 month after single injection of platelet-rich plasma, Visual Analogue Scale results showed that pain almost disappeared in eight patients and it was obviously alleviated in three patients. Simultaneously, the disabilities of the arm, shoulder and hand questionnaire showed that upper limb function was obviously improved. In addition, no ultrasonographic manifestation of the carpal tunnel syndrome was found in five patients during ultrasonographic measurement of the width of the median nerve. During 3-month follow-up, the pain was not greatly alleviated in three patients. These findings show very encouraging mid-term outcomes regarding use of platelet-rich plasma for the treatment of carpal tunnel syndrome.

圆井-导洞型探井在滑坡勘查中应用探讨

为了在不扰动滑坡结构稳定性的情况下更准确地揭示滑坡中滑带及滑体、滑床的岩土组成与结构特征及物理力学性质,在滑坡勘查中,往往用探井来采集土样并进行现场大剪切试验。目前,现场大剪切试验使用的大截面矩形探井,存在工程量大、安全性低等缺点,本论文结合工程中常用的矩形探井与圆形探井的优缺点分析,提出圆井-导洞型探井,并结合实例从经济性和安全性等方面与矩形探井分析比较,结果表明,该方法应用于实际更具优越性。

大跨度地铁车站十导洞洞桩法施工变形规律及其影响因素研究

[目的]为确保大跨度地铁车站施工安全,需对十导洞洞桩法施工过程中车站结构的变形规律及其影响因素进行研究。[方法]以西黄村站为工程背景,建立了大跨度车站十导洞洞桩法施工数值模型,分析了不同施工阶段地面的沉降以及桩的水平变形规律,研究了导洞开挖顺序、导洞开挖错距及扣拱施工顺序等三种因素对地面沉降的影响规律。[结果及结论]车站上方导洞以及中间导洞施工对地面沉降的影响较大;各施工阶段的地面沉降规律均满足正态分布,最大沉降位于车站中线处,导洞施工及扣拱施工两个阶段引起的地面沉降占总沉降的74.7%。车站负二层土体开挖后,桩在水平方向的约束急剧减弱,导致桩水平变形增大。先开挖下层导洞引起的地面沉降较小;随着导洞开挖错距的增大,地面最大沉降逐渐减小;先开挖两侧扣拱再依次开挖中间扣拱的施工顺序引起的地面沉降最小。

PBA工法导洞开挖地表沉降影响分析

洞桩法(PBA)在目前地下大型空间的修筑中已得到了广泛应用,但针对导洞开挖过程中,导洞开挖间距对地表沉降影响其研究相对较少。以北京某地铁车站实际施工工程为背景,基于依托工程,利用Madias GTX NX有限元分析软件建立有限元基本模型,并利用实际工程中导洞开挖的实际监测数据对基本模型在导洞开挖工序模拟中的可靠性进行了验证。随后在此基本模型上对相邻导洞间的不同开挖间距进行模拟分析,找出不同导洞开挖间距对地表沉降的影响和最佳的导洞开挖间距。研究结果表明,左右相邻导洞开挖间距7 m、上下导洞开挖间距14 m为最佳开挖间距,与实际工程相符。

Experimental Investigation of Hydrocarbon-fuel Ignition in Scramjet Combustor

The direct-connected supersonic combustor experiment is finished for kerosene fuel ignition in H_2/O_2 preheated impulse facility. The entrance parameter of combustor corresponds to scramjet flight Mach number 3.5. Kerosene ignition is realized by using hydrogen as pilot flame. Wall pressure distributions of combustion are measured and flame photographs of ultraviolet ray are got. Experiment indicates that it is very difficult for kerosene fuel to realize self-ignition at low entrance temperature (below 900K) in supersonic combustor. Hydrogen pilot flame is one of the efficient methods for realizing kerosene ignition.

首云铁矿-76m水平大断面硐室施工及稳定性分析

首云铁矿沙场矿区－76 m 水平机修硐室位于地质图7～8勘探线，硐室上方区域存在 F21和 F33断层，围岩比较破碎，在开挖过程中，受应力释放和调整的影响，硐室稳定性较差。为此，采用导硐＋天井、锚喷支护施工方案，基于3DEC 数值模拟软件对开挖支护过程进行了数值模拟。结果表明，未支护前，硐室的最大位移量为60 mm，并出现楔形掉块，锚喷支护后，硐室最大位移量为7 mm，取得了较好的施工效果。

Research progress and development trends of highway tunnels in China

The highway tunnel system in China has in recent years surpassed Europe, the United States, and other developed countries in terms of mileage, scale, complexity, and technical achievement. Much scientific research has been conducted, and the results have greatly facilitated the rapid development of China＇s highway tunnel building capacity. This article presents the historical development of highway tunneling in China, according to specific charac- teristics based on construction and operation. It provides a systematic analysis of the major achievements and chal- lenges with respect to construction techniques, operation, monitoring, repair, and maintenance. Together with future trends of highway tunneling in China, suggestions have been made for further research, and development prospects have been identified with the for a Chinese-style highway aim of laying the foundation tunnel construction method and technical architecture.

Effects of fundamental structure parameters on dynamic responses of submerged floating tunnel under hydrodynamic loads

This paper investigates the effects of structure parameters on dynamic responses of submerged floating tunnel （SFT） under hydrodynamic loads. The structure parameters includes buoyancy-weight ratio （BWR）, stiffness coefficients of the cable systems, tunnel net buoyancy and tunnel length. First, the importance of structural damp in relation to the dynamic responses of SPT is demonstrated and the mechanism of structural damp effect is discussed. Thereafter, the fundamental structure parameters are investigated through the analysis of SFT dynamic responses under hydrodynamic loads. The results indicate that the BWR of SFT is a key structure parameter. When BWR is 1.2, there is a remarkable trend change in the vertical dynamic response of SFT under hydrodynamic loads. The results also indicate that the ratio of the tunnel net buoyancy to the cable stiffness coefficient is not a characteristic factor affecting the dynamic responses of SFT under hydrodynamic loads.

Experimental analysis of sand particles' lift-off and incident velocities in wind-blown sand flux

The probability distributions of sand particles＇ lift-off and incident velocities in a wind-blown sand flux play very important roles in the simulation of the wind-blown sand movement. In this paper, the vertical and the horizontal speeds of sand particles located at 1.0 mm above a sand-bed in a wind-blown sand flux are observed with the aid of Phase Doppler Anemometry （PDA） in a wind tunnel. Based on the experimental data, the probability distributions of not only the vertical lift-off speed but also the lift-off velocity as well as its horizontal component and the incident velocity as well as its vertical and horizontal components can be obtained by the equal distance histogram method. It is found, according to the results of the X^2-test for these probability distributions, that the probability density functions （pdf＇s） of the sand particles＇ lift-off and incident velocities as well as their vertical com- ponents are described by the Gamma density function with different peak values and shapes and the downwind incident and lift-off horizontal speeds, respectively, can be described by the lognormal and the Gamma density functions, These pdf＇s depend on not only the sand particle diameter but also the wind speed.

An analytic study on the deflection of subway tunnel due to adjacent excavation of foundation pit

Predicting and estimating the response of sub- way tunnel to adjacent excavation of foundation pit is a research focus in the field of underground engineering. Based on the principle of two-stage method and incre- mental method, an analytic approach is suggested in this paper to solve this problem in an accurate and rapid way, and the upheavals of tunnel due to adjacent excavation are solved by analytic method. Besides, the presented method is used in the practical engineering case of Shenzhen Metro Line 11 and verified by numerical simulation and in situ measurement. Finally, a parametric analysis is performed to investigate the influence of different factors on tunnel＇s deflection. Some useful conclusions have been drawn from the research as below： The deflection results of tunnel obtained from analytic method are nearly consistent with the results getting from numerical analysis and measured data, which verified the accuracy and rationality of pre- sented method. The excavation size has a significant impact on both the displacement values and influenced range of tunnel. However, the relative distance only impacts the displacement values of tunnel, but not the influenced range of tunnel. It may provide certain reference to analyze the deflection of subway tunnel influenced by adjacent excavation.

Enhanced piezoresistivity in Ni-silicone rubber composites

This paper reports that the nickel-silicone rubber composites with enhanced piezoresistivity were synthesized with much reduced nickel concentration. A large piezosensitivity of 0.716/kPa and a gauge factor of 600 have been obtained for a composite sample with filler-polymer ratio of 2.7：1 by weight. Measurements of resistance as a function of uniaxial force reveal that the piezoresistance arises predominantly from the internal heterogeneity of the material and the effect of geometrical changes of samples under pressure is negleetably small. The nonlinear current-voltage characteristic of the composite depends strongly on the filler content, the initial compression and the electrical current flowing in the sample. Ohmic behaviour has been observed only in the highly compressed samples. The breakdown strength decreases with increasing filler content of the composite. Both I - V and R - f characteristics indicates that the resistivity of the composites decreases with electrical field, suggesting that the composite may also be used to make voltage sensitive resistors for protecting circuits. All the experimental results favour a quantum tunnelling mechanism of conductivity. It finds that the concept ＇negative resistance＇, often used to describe the phenomena that current decreases with increasing voltage, is not appropriate and should be avoided.

Aeroelastic modeling of wind loading on a cable-net supported glass wall

Wind loading study on a cable-net supported glass wall is conducted by means of wind tunnel tests. An equiva- lent aeroelastic model is designed and constructed. Response of displacements of the wall is measured and analyzed. In order to design a glass wall under wind loading, the ＂wind- vibration factor＂ is estimated and discussed. In fact, the mech- anism of wind acting on the wall is commonly known not only as positive pressure, but also as negative pressure caused by the flow separation on the corners of the building. Due to the diffidence in the mechanism of wind acting, two typi- cal response cases are classified. The results show that the dynamic response of the structure caused by the negative pressure is stronger than that of the positive pressure case. To determine the aerodynamic wind loading on a flexible part of structure on a building, wind tunnel study may be useful and play an important role.

Experimental study on correlation between turbulence and sound in a subsonic wind tunnel

In this paper, the effects of turbulence on sound generation and velocity fluctuations due to pressure waves in a large subsonic wind tunnel are studied. A trip strip located at different positions in the contraction part or at one position in the diffuser of a large wind tunnel is used to investigate the aforementioned phenomenon, and the results indicate that the trip strip has significant effects on sound reduction. The lowest turbulence intensity and sound are obtained from a trip strip with a diameter of 0.91 mm located either at X/L = 0.79 or at X/L = 0.115 in the wide portion of the contraction. Furthermore, the effect of monopole, dipole and quadrupole sources of aerodynamic noise at different velocities is investigated, and it is demonstrated that the contribution of the monopole is dominant, while the shares due to the dipole and quadrupole remain less important. In addition, it is found that the sound waves have a modest impact on the measured longitudinal turbulence and are generated essentially by eddies.

Stabilization variation of organic conductor surfaces induced by π-π stacking interactions

The structures and stabilization of three crystal surfaces of TCNQ-based charge transfer complexes（CTCs） including PrQ（TCNQ） 2,MPM（TCNQ） 2,and MEM（TCNQ） 2,have been investigated by scanning tunneling microscopy（STM）.The three bulk-truncated surfaces are all ac-surface,which are terminated with TCNQ molecular arrays.On the ac-surface of PrQ（TCNQ） 2,the TCNQ molecules form a tetramer structure with a wavelike row behavior and a 纬 angle of about 18掳 between adjacent molecules.Moreover,the dimer structures are resolved on both ac-surfaces of MPM（TCNQ） 2 and MEM（TCNQ） 2.In addition,the tetramer structure is the most stable structure,while the dimer structures are unstable and easily subject to the STM tip disturbance,which results in changeable unit cells.The main reasons for the surface stabilization variation among the three ac-surfaces are provided by using the ＇蟺-atom model＇.

Formation and local electronic structure of Ge clusters on Si（111）-7×7 surfaces

We report the formation and local electronic structure of Ge clusters on the Si（111）-7×7 surface studied by using variable temperature scanning tunnelling microscopy （VT-STM） and low-temperature scanning tunnelling spectroscopy （STS）. Atom-resolved STM images reveal that the Ce atoms are prone to forming clusters with 1.0 nm in diameter for coverage up to 0.12 ML. Such Ce clusters preferentially nucleate at the centre of the faulted-half unit cells, leading to the ＇dark sites＇ of Si centre adatoms from the surrounding three unfaulted-half unit cells in filled-state images. Biasdependent STM images show the charge transfer from the neighbouring Si adatoms to Ce clusters. Low-temperature STS of the Ce clusters reveals that there is a band gap on the Ce cluster and the large voltage threshold is about 0.9 V.

The LEGUE disk targets for LAMOST's pilot survey

We describe the target selection algorithm for the low latitude disk por- tion of the LAMOST Pilot Survey, which aims to test systems in preparation for the LAMOST spectroscopic survey. We use the PPMXL astrometric catalog, which provides positions, proper motions, B/R/I magnitudes （mostly） from USNO-B and d/H/Ks from the Two Micron All Sky Survey （2MASS） as well. We chose eight plates along the Galactic plane, in the region 0° 〈 α° 〈 67° and 42° 〈 δ 〈 59°, which cover 22 known open clusters with a range of ages. Adjacent plates may have some small overlapping area. Each plate covers an area of 2.5° in radius, with its cen- tral star （for the Shack-Hartmann guider） brighter than 8th magnitude. For each plate, we create an input catalog in the magnitude range 11.3 〈 Imag 〈 16.3 and Bmag available from PPMXL. The stars are selected to satisfy the requirements of the fiber positioning system and have a uniform distribution in the I vs. B - I color-magnitude diagram. Our final input catalog consists of 12 000 objects on each of eight plates that are observable during the winter observing season from the Xinglong Station of the National Astronomical Observatory of China.

Band Gap Opening of Graphene by Noncovalent π-π Interaction with Porphyrins

Graphene has been recognized as a promising 2D material with many new properties. However, pristine graphene is gapless which hinders its direct application towards graphene-based semiconducting devices. Recently, various ways have been proposed to overcome this problem. In this study, we report a robust method to open a gap in graphene via noncovalent functionalization with porphyrin molecules. Two type of porphyrins, namely, iron protoporphyrin (FePP) and zinc protoporphryin (ZnPP) were independently physisorbed on graphene grown on nickel by chemical vapour deposition (CVD) resulting in a bandgap opening in graphene. Using a statistical analysis of scanning tunneling spectroscopy (STS) measurements, we demonstrated that the magnitude of the band gap depends on the type of deposited porphyrin molecule.The π-π stacking of FePP on graphene yielded a considerably larger band gap value (0.45 eV) than physisorbed ZnPP (0.23 eV). We proposed that the origin of different band gap value is governed due to the metallic character of the respective porphyrin.

砂卵石地层浅埋地铁车站暗挖施工关键技术

研究目的:针对富水砂卵石地层地铁车站明挖法施工面临的道路交通问题,本文依托成都富水砂卵石地层首次采用暗挖法施工地铁车站的成功案例,对暗挖法施工关键工艺开展研究,指明了暗挖导洞设置及其开挖时序、地层超前预加固方式、初期支护类型、永临结合钢管柱以及拱形盖板扣拱等关键工艺,明确了富水砂卵石地层浅埋大跨地铁车站首次采用暗挖法施工的可行性。研究结论:(1)基于“化整为零”的思路,借助大刚度管幕超前支护,明确了导洞设置原则,采用多导洞法实施钢立柱与盖板(顶板)后,可按盖挖法理念完成超浅覆土下的地铁车站暗挖施工;(2)浅覆土管幕打设精度与地层扰动控制是富水砂卵石地层沉降控制的关键,应遵循“精准定位、及时纠偏,欠土顶进、严控超挖,先低速后匀速”的基本原则;(3)基于初期支护主要以被动承载为主,格栅钢架经济性好、施工方便,喷混后抗弯刚度增幅将近8倍,且大于工字钢喷混后等效抗弯刚度,宜采用格栅钢架;(4)顶部预埋倒L形钢板的“蛇形”中立柱,可实现两侧衬砌结构的有效连接与水平向有效传力,液压反循环钻机可满足小净空条件下高精度永临结合钢管柱施作需要;(5)本研究结论可为类似地层暗挖法车站施工提供借鉴与参考。

平行导洞压入式通风对特长隧道污染物分布的影响

为探究横通道开启方式对平行导洞压入式通风的特长隧道内污染物分布规律的影响,研究了不同横通道开启方式下的隧道内纵向风速、风压损失及污染物分布规律。所建立的隧道模型包含17个横通道,其中5个为车行横通道,12个为人行横通道,横通道均匀布置。考虑了5种不同的车行横通道开启方式进行研究。结果表明,在平导压入式通风时,主隧道内的纵向风速呈分段式分布,隧道中心风速最小,越靠近隧道出口的风速越大。当对称开启偶数个横通道时,由于风压平衡,隧道中心两个横通道之间的纵向风速几乎为0,无法有效稀释CO;当对称开启奇数个横通道时,隧道内风速为从隧道中心往两侧洞口方向,当平导通风风量足够大时,可将隧道内CO体积比稀释到符合规范的要求。此外,当对称开启奇数个横通道时,在相同的平导通风量下,横通道开启个数较多反而不利于降低隧道中心区域的CO体积比。所研究隧道模型中对称开启3个横通道的临界通风量最小,临界通风风量为631 m^(3)/s,与根据规范计算得到的所需通风量相差不大。因此,在进行此类隧道通风设计时,可参考规范进行通风量的计算。研究结果可为此类隧道的通风设计提供参考。

连拱隧道无导洞后扩挖法设计参数及其影响性分析

为了研究双连拱隧道采用无导洞后扩挖法施工时的设计参数取值及其对隧道稳定性的影响,采用数值模拟方法分析连拱隧道主洞错距、台阶长度、中隔墙厚度以及二衬施作时机4个参数对隧道受力与变形的影响规律,并与现场监测结果进行对比验证。研究结果表明:主洞错距达到75 m时,既能保证先行洞隧道的变形稳定,又能缩短工期;隧道先行洞台阶长度可以按单洞隧道取值,后行洞台阶长度建议控制在5~10 m为宜;考虑施工扰动的影响,隧道中隔墙厚度在1.4~1.6 m范围内取值较为合理;先行洞二衬在后行洞掌子面前保持35 m以上距离施工有利于隧道稳定性的控制。研究结果可为隧道工程施工提供参考。