The uncertainties associated with multi-area power systems comprising both thermal and distributed renewable generation(DRG)sources such as solar and wind necessitate the use of an efficient load frequency control(LFC...The uncertainties associated with multi-area power systems comprising both thermal and distributed renewable generation(DRG)sources such as solar and wind necessitate the use of an efficient load frequency control(LFC)technique.Therefore,a hybrid version of two metaheuristic algorithms(arithmetic optimization and African vulture’s optimization algorithm)is developed.It is called the‘arithmetic optimized African vulture’s optimization algorithm(AOAVOA)’.This algorithm is used to tune a novel type-2 fuzzy-based proportional–derivative branched with dual degree-of-freedom proportional–integral–derivative controller for the LFC of a three-area hybrid deregulated power system.Thermal,electric vehicle(EV),and DRG sources(including a solar panel and a wind turbine system)are con-nected in area-1.Area-2 involves thermal and gas-generating units(GUs),while thermal and geothermal units are linked in area-3.Practical restrictions such as thermo-boiler dynamics,thermal-governor dead-band,and genera-tion rate constraints are also considered.The proposed LFC method is compared to other controllers and optimizers to demonstrate its superiority in rejecting step and random load disturbances.By functioning as energy storage ele-ments,EVs and DRG units can enhance dynamic responses during peak demand.As a result,the effect of the afore-mentioned units on dynamic reactions is also investigated.To validate its effectiveness,the closed-loop system is subjected to robust stability analysis and is compared to various existing control schemes from the literature.It is determined that the suggested AOAVOA improves fitness by 40.20%over the arithmetic optimizer(AO),while fre-quency regulation is improved by 4.55%over an AO-tuned type-2 fuzzy-based branched controller.展开更多
目的:根据飞行员航空生理训练的需要,研制一种分子筛氧浓缩器气源控制装置。方法:该装置由采集系统和控制系统2个部分组成。通过设置相应的传感器实时采集压力、流量和温度,并采用电子式减压器、比例电磁调节阀、加热电炉等作为执行机构...目的:根据飞行员航空生理训练的需要,研制一种分子筛氧浓缩器气源控制装置。方法:该装置由采集系统和控制系统2个部分组成。通过设置相应的传感器实时采集压力、流量和温度,并采用电子式减压器、比例电磁调节阀、加热电炉等作为执行机构,在PID(proportion integral differential)控制器的控制下分别对压力、流量和温度进行调节。结果:性能测试表明,该装置的压力控制最大偏差为1.1%,流量控制最大偏差为2.9%,温度控制最大偏差为1.6%,能够对分子筛气源的压力、流量和温度进行精确控制。结论:该装置具有控制精度高、达到稳定输出时间短、性能稳定等优点,对飞行员航空生理训练具有重要意义。展开更多
文摘The uncertainties associated with multi-area power systems comprising both thermal and distributed renewable generation(DRG)sources such as solar and wind necessitate the use of an efficient load frequency control(LFC)technique.Therefore,a hybrid version of two metaheuristic algorithms(arithmetic optimization and African vulture’s optimization algorithm)is developed.It is called the‘arithmetic optimized African vulture’s optimization algorithm(AOAVOA)’.This algorithm is used to tune a novel type-2 fuzzy-based proportional–derivative branched with dual degree-of-freedom proportional–integral–derivative controller for the LFC of a three-area hybrid deregulated power system.Thermal,electric vehicle(EV),and DRG sources(including a solar panel and a wind turbine system)are con-nected in area-1.Area-2 involves thermal and gas-generating units(GUs),while thermal and geothermal units are linked in area-3.Practical restrictions such as thermo-boiler dynamics,thermal-governor dead-band,and genera-tion rate constraints are also considered.The proposed LFC method is compared to other controllers and optimizers to demonstrate its superiority in rejecting step and random load disturbances.By functioning as energy storage ele-ments,EVs and DRG units can enhance dynamic responses during peak demand.As a result,the effect of the afore-mentioned units on dynamic reactions is also investigated.To validate its effectiveness,the closed-loop system is subjected to robust stability analysis and is compared to various existing control schemes from the literature.It is determined that the suggested AOAVOA improves fitness by 40.20%over the arithmetic optimizer(AO),while fre-quency regulation is improved by 4.55%over an AO-tuned type-2 fuzzy-based branched controller.
文摘目的:根据飞行员航空生理训练的需要,研制一种分子筛氧浓缩器气源控制装置。方法:该装置由采集系统和控制系统2个部分组成。通过设置相应的传感器实时采集压力、流量和温度,并采用电子式减压器、比例电磁调节阀、加热电炉等作为执行机构,在PID(proportion integral differential)控制器的控制下分别对压力、流量和温度进行调节。结果:性能测试表明,该装置的压力控制最大偏差为1.1%,流量控制最大偏差为2.9%,温度控制最大偏差为1.6%,能够对分子筛气源的压力、流量和温度进行精确控制。结论:该装置具有控制精度高、达到稳定输出时间短、性能稳定等优点,对飞行员航空生理训练具有重要意义。
