Equilibrium reconstruction method for self-organized plasmas on reversed field pinches with polarimeter-interferometer

In the reversed field pinch(RFP),plasmas exhibit various self-organized states.Among these,the three-dimensional(3D)helical state known as the“quasi-single-helical”(QSH)state enhances RFP confinement.However,accurately describing the equilibrium is challenging due to the presence of 3D structures,magnetic islands,and chaotic regions.It is difficult to obtain a balance between the available diagnostic and the real equilibrium structure.To address this issue,we introduce KTX3DFit,a new 3D equilibrium reconstruction code specifically designed for the Keda Torus eXperiment(KTX)RFP.KTX3DFit utilizes the stepped-pressure equilibrium code(SPEC)to compute 3D equilibria and uses polarimetric interferometer signals from experiments.KTX3DFit is able to reconstruct equilibria in various states,including axisymmetric,doubleaxis helical(DAx),and single-helical-axis(SHAx)states.Notably,this study marks the first integration of the SPEC code with internal magnetic field data for equilibrium reconstruction and could be used for other 3D configurations.

Experimental study on of wire-array Z pinches imploding characteristics on Qiangguang-1 facility

To investigate the imploding characteristics of cylindrical wire array, experiments with load current varying from 1.5MA to 1.7MA were carried out on the Qiangguang-1 facility. The complicated temporal-spatial distribution of x-ray radiation was measured by the one-dimensional （1D） x-ray imaging system. Other diagnostic equipments including the x-ray power meter （XRPM） and the time-integrated pinhole camera were used to record time-resolved x-ray power pulse and pinhole x-ray images. Analysis shows that the fast leading edge of the local x-ray radiation pulse is of primary importance in sharpening x-ray power pulse rather than the temporal synchrony and the spatial uniformity of implosion. Experimental results indicated that the better axial imploding synchrony, the faster the increase of x-ray power for an array consisting of 32 tungsten wires of 5 μm diameter than for the others, and the higher the x-ray radiation power with maximal convergence ratio （r0/r1） of 10.5. A ‘zipper-like＇ effect of x-ray radiation extending from the anode to the cathode was also observed.

know where the shoe pinches

英语对话: A:I now know where the shoe pinches for you.It is your husband who should be to blame for your son’s wrong doings. B:That’s why we have been at loggerheads with each other quite a lot re- cently.They all get on my nerves. A:Maybe you can talk sense into him and tell him the consequences. B:Everything I say falls on a deaf ear.

Preliminary compact torus injection experiments on the Keda Torus eXperiment reversed field pinch

A new compact torus injector(KTX-CTI)has been built for injection experiments on the Keda Torus eXperiment(KTX)reversed field pinch(RFP).The aim is to study the fundamental physics governing the compact torus(CT)central fueling processes.In experiments conducted under the sole influence of a 0.1 T toroidal magnetic field,the injected CT successfully penetrated the entire toroidal magnetic field,reaching the inner wall of the KTX vacuum vessel.Upon reaching the inner wall,the CT diffused both radially outward and toroidally within the vessel at a discernible diffusion speed.Moreover,the inherent helicity within the CT induced a modest KTX plasma current of 200 A,consistent with predictions based on helicity conservation.CT injection demonstrated the capability to initiate KTX discharges at low loop voltages,suggesting its potential as a pre-ionization and current startup technique.During RFP discharges featuring CT injection,the central plasma density was found to exceed the Greenwald density limit,with more peaked density profiles,indicating the predominant confinement of CT plasma within the core region of the KTX bulk plasma.

Direct scaling of residual displacements for bilinear and pinching oscillators

The estimation of residual displacements in a structure due to an anticipated earthquake event has increasingly become an important component of performance-based earthquake engineering because controlling these displacements plays an important role in ensuring cost-feasible or cost-effective repairs in a damaged structure after the event.An attempt is made in this study to obtain statistical estimates of constant-ductility residual displacement spectra for bilinear and pinching oscillators with 5%initial damping,directly in terms of easily available seismological,site,and model parameters.None of the available models for the bilinear and pinching oscillators are useful when design spectra for a seismic hazard at a site are not available.The statistical estimates of a residual displacement spectrum are proposed in terms of earthquake magnitude,epicentral distance,site geology parameter,and three model parameters for a given set of ductility demand and a hysteretic energy capacity coefficient in the case of bilinear and pinching models,as well as for a given set of pinching parameters for displacement and strength at the breakpoint in the case of pinching model alone.The proposed scaling model is applicable to horizontal ground motions in the western U.S.for earthquake magnitudes less than 7 or epicentral distances greater than 20 km.

Experimental Study of Liquid Metal Flow for the Development of a Contact-Less Control Technique

The article presents an experimental study on the flow of an eutectic gallium alloy in a cylindrical cell,which is placed in an alternating magnetic field.The magnetic field is generated by a coil connected to an alternating current source.The coil is located at a fixed height in such a way that its plane is perpendicular to the gravity vector,which in turn is parallel to the axis of the cylinder.The position of the cylinder can vary in height with respect to the coil.The forced flow of the considered electrically conductive liquid is generated due to the action of the localized electromagnetic force.It is assumed that under the action of the alternating magnetic field,the liquid is heated uniformly,and the resulting heat is quickly absorbed by the forced flow,so that liquid free convection can be neglected.The experiment is carried out using an ultrasonic Doppler anemometer.One transducer is installed in the axially located cylinder sluice and the other transducer is placed in the near-wall region.According to the results,a velocity profile,corresponding to a two-tori flow pattern can be hardly obtained in the low frequency range of the power supply.However,this is possible in the high frequency range.The average velocity profiles depend essentially on the location of the coil relative to the cell.The spectral analysis of velocity signals shows that the amplitude of the velocity pulsations is comparable to the average value of the flow velocity.Such experimental results and their verification through comparison with numerical calculations are intended to support the development of new methods for reducing the intensity of vortex flows during the electromagnetic separation of impurities through an electromagnetic induction mechanism(able to produce an electromotive force that displaces particles).

Utilization of Logistical Regression to the Modified Sine-Gordon Model in the MST Experiment

In this paper, a logistical regression statistical analysis (LR) is presented for a set of variables used in experimental measurements in reversed field pinch (RFP) machines, commonly known as “slinky mode” (SM), observed to travel around the torus in Madison Symmetric Torus (MST). The LR analysis is used to utilize the modified Sine-Gordon dynamic equation model to predict with high confidence whether the slinky mode will lock or not lock when compared to the experimentally measured motion of the slinky mode. It is observed that under certain conditions, the slinky mode “locks” at or near the intersection of poloidal and/or toroidal gaps in MST. However, locked mode cease to travel around the torus;while unlocked mode keeps traveling without a change in the energy, making it hard to determine an exact set of conditions to predict locking/unlocking behaviour. The significant key model parameters determined by LR analysis are shown to improve the Sine-Gordon model’s ability to determine the locking/unlocking of magnetohydrodyamic (MHD) modes. The LR analysis of measured variables provides high confidence in anticipating locking versus unlocking of slinky mode proven by relational comparisons between simulations and the experimentally measured motion of the slinky mode in MST.

PINCH蛋白在人喉鳞状细胞癌中的表达以及低氧对其表达的影响

目的:探讨PINCH蛋白在人喉鳞癌组织中的表达以及低氧对其表达的影响。方法:采用免疫组织化学ABC法检测PINCH蛋白在62例病理证实有淋巴结转移的喉鳞癌及22例未见淋巴结转移的原发灶组织中的表达情况,取肿瘤安全缘正常喉黏膜组织作对照;将体外培养的人喉鳞癌细胞Hep2分成缺氧12、24h组及正常对照3组,流式细胞仪测定3组细胞PINCH蛋白的表达。结果:1)PINCH蛋白在人喉鳞癌组及正常对照组阳性表达率分别为59.5%、10.0%,在淋巴结转移组和淋巴结非转移组阳性率为67.7%、36.4%,两组比较差异均具有显著性(P<0.05);2)流式细胞仪测定缺氧12、24h组及正常对照组Hep2细胞PINCH蛋白表达强度随缺氧时间的延长而逐渐增强(P<0.05)。结论:PINCH蛋白与喉鳞状细胞癌转移密切相关,其中肿瘤的微缺氧环境可能是造成其表达增强的重要影响因素之一。

食管鳞状细胞癌中PINCH蛋白的表达及意义

目的探讨PINCH蛋白在食管鳞状细胞癌中的表达及其临床病理意义。方法采用免疫组化ABC法检测10例正常食管粘膜组织和64例食管鳞状细胞癌组织中PINCH蛋白的表达,并分析其临床意义。结果PINCH蛋白在鳞癌组织相关间质中呈异质性表达,其阳性率为56.25%(36/64),明显高于正常食管粘膜组织(0/10)(P<0.05),差异有显著性,而且在肿瘤浸润边缘阳性更明显。PINCH蛋白表达与患者性别、年龄及鳞癌组织学分级无相关性;淋巴结转移组的鳞癌组织中PINCH蛋白阳性表达率为90%(18/20),未转移组鳞癌病例中阳性率为40.91%(18/44),二者相比差异有显著性(P<0.05)。结论PINCH蛋白在食管鳞癌中异常表达,可能利于肿瘤的浸润和转移。提示PINCH蛋白可作一个肿瘤相关间质的标志物来预测肿瘤浸润和淋巴结转移的能力。在肿瘤的预后判断上有重要意义,并可能成为与肿瘤间质相关的抗肿瘤治疗的一个新靶点。

COX-2及PINCH蛋白在口腔鳞状细胞癌中的表达及其相关性研究

目的研究COX-2及PINCH蛋白在口腔鳞状细胞癌中的表达情况,探讨二者在口腔鳞状细胞癌中表达的相关性。方法采用免疫组织化学ABC法,检测20例正常口腔粘膜和57例口腔鳞状细胞癌石蜡存档标本中COX-2及PINCH蛋白的表达情况。结果COX-2蛋白在正常口腔粘膜中少量表达,而在口腔鳞状细胞癌中的表达明显增加,二者比较有显著性差异;在口腔鳞状细胞癌中,淋巴结转移组阳性表达率为73%(19/26),淋巴结无转移组阳性表达率为29%(9/31),二者差异有显著性;COX-2蛋白的表达与患者性别、年龄、肿瘤大小、部位和分化程度无相关性;COX-2与PINCH有明显的相关性。结论COX-2蛋白在口腔鳞状细胞癌的发生、发展中可能起着重要作用,并与口腔鳞状细胞癌的淋巴结转移相关,其转移机制可能与通过PINCH蛋白促进淋巴管生成有关。

PINCH mRNA在乳腺癌中的表达意义及其与Nup88的相关性研究

目的研究PINCH mRNA在乳腺癌组织中的表达及其与Nup88的关系。方法采用半定量PCR法检测PINCH mRNA及Nup88 mRNA在乳腺癌及乳腺良性肿瘤组织中的表达。结果 PINCH mRNA在乳腺癌组织中的表达水平(0.725±0.060)较乳腺良性肿瘤组织中的(0.497±0.04)明显增高(P<0.001)。且在乳腺癌组织中PINCH mRNA的表达与患者年龄、肿瘤部位以及组织学分类无关(P>0.05),与组织学分级、TNM分期及淋巴结转移有关(P<0.05);PINCH mRNA在乳腺癌组织中的表达与Nup88的表达呈正相关(P<0.05),相关系数为0.325。结论 PINCH mRNA与乳腺癌的发生、发展及转移有关,联合检测PINCH及Nup88对进一步理解乳腺癌的生物学行为及判断预后有一定的价值。

PINCH蛋白和COX-2蛋白在子宫内膜癌中的表达及临床意义

目的探讨PINCH蛋白和环氧化酶-2(COX-2)蛋白在子宫内膜癌中的表达及其临床意义。方法采用免疫组化ABC法检测23例正常子宫内膜、18例不典型增生子宫内膜和50例子宫内膜癌中PINCH蛋白和COX-2蛋白的表达,并分析其临床意义。结果 PINCH蛋白在正常子宫内膜、不典型增生子宫内膜和子宫内膜癌间质中的阳性表达率分别为17.4%、38.8%、72.0%,呈现逐渐增高的趋势,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);COX-2蛋白在正常子宫内膜、不典型增生子宫内膜和子宫内膜癌上皮中的阳性表达率分别为26.1%、61.1%、80.0%,呈现逐渐增高的趋势,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。PINCH蛋白及COX-2蛋白阳性表达率与子宫内膜癌的分期、淋巴结转移、组织学类型、肌层浸润深度、病理分级等无明显相关性(P>0.05),PINCH蛋白的表达与雌激素作用时间有关(P<0.05)。PINCH蛋白与COX-2蛋白的表达呈正相关(r=0.468,P<0.05)。结论 PINCH、COX-2与子宫内膜癌的发生相关,在子宫内膜癌中二者表达有明显相关性,为肿瘤基因治疗提供新的靶点。

PINCH蛋白在口腔鳞状细胞癌中的表达及其临床意义

目的:观察PINCH蛋白在口腔鳞状细胞癌中的表达情况,探讨其临床病理意义。方法:采用免疫组织化学ABC法,检测20例正常口腔粘膜和57例口腔鳞状细胞癌石蜡存档标本中PINCH蛋白的表达情况,分析其与患者临床病理特征的关系。结果:PINCH蛋白在正常口腔粘膜中少量表达,而在口腔鳞状细胞癌中的表达明显增加,尤其是在肿瘤的浸润边缘,二者比较有显著性差异(P=0.02);在口腔鳞状细胞癌中,淋巴结转移组阳性表达率为46.2%(12/26),淋巴结无转移组阳性表达率为29.0%(9/31),二者比较有显著性差异(P=0.02);PINCH蛋白的表达与患者性别、年龄、肿瘤大小、部位和分化程度无相关性(P>0.05)。结论:PINCH蛋白在口腔鳞状细胞癌的发生、发展中可能起着重要作用,并可作为一个预测肿瘤转移的新备选分子生物学指标。同时由于其表达在间质,为与肿瘤间质有关的抗肿瘤药物的开发提供了新思路和治疗靶点。

天基可见光传感器卫星监视地球同步带目标的轨道设计

在分析地球同步轨道目标光学特性和位置特性的基础上,确定了天基可见光(Space-Based Visible,SBV)传感器监视整个地球同步带目标的搜索栅栏位置以及搜索策略,导出搜索栅栏与观测时间和观测次数之间的关系.根据航天任务需求和SBV传感器特性,确定了监视轨道的类型和参数约束条件,给出了约束条件下监视轨道的选取范围,并对其轨道观测效能进行仿真分析.仿真结果表明,通过适当选取监视轨道参数,监视轨道对地球同步带的覆盖率均可达到90%以上.如果SBV传感器视场达到4°×4°以上或搜索栅栏宽度大于40°,其覆盖率高达95%以上.

结直肠癌组织中VEGF、PINCH mRNA的表达变化及意义

目的观察结直肠癌组织中VEGF、PINCH mRNA的表达变化,探讨其在结直肠癌发生、发展中的作用。方法采用RT-PCR法检测40例结直肠癌组织、配对的癌旁无瘤黏膜组织、手术近端及远端切缘正常黏膜组织中的VEGF、PINCH mRNA。结果结直肠癌组织中VEGF、PINCH mRNA的表达量分别为0.975±0.397、0.772±0.591;癌旁无瘤黏膜组织中分别为0.351±0.255、0.494±0.327;近端切缘黏膜中分别为0.441±0.360、0.518±0.298;远端切缘黏膜中分为为0.423±0.248、0.488±0.335,P均<0.01。结直肠癌组织中VEGF mRNA的表达与组织学分级、浸润深度及淋巴结转移密切相关(P均<0.05),PINCH mRNA表达与组织类型有关(P<0.05);结直肠癌组织中VEGF mRNA的表达与PINCH mRNA的表达呈显著正相关(r=0.431,P=0.022)。结论结直肠癌组织中VEGF、PINCH mRNA的表达上调。VEGF和PINCH mRNA与结直肠癌的发生、发展及转移密切相关。

PINCH、nm23-H1、COX-2蛋白在宫颈鳞癌中的表达及临床意义

目的探讨PINCH、肿瘤抑制基因nm23-H1和环氧化酶-2(COX-2)蛋白在宫颈鳞癌中的表达及其临床意义。方法应用免疫组化SP法检测60例宫颈鳞癌(实验组)、30例正常宫颈上皮组织(对照组)中PINCH、nm23-H1及COX-2蛋白的表达,并分析三者的表达与临床病理特征的关系。结果 PINCH蛋白在实验组的阳性表达率58.3%(35/60)明显高于对照组的表达率0(P<0.01);nm23-H1蛋白在实验组的阳性表达率46.7%(28/60)明显低于对照组90.0%(P<0.05);COX-2蛋白在实验组的阳性表达率73.3%(44/60)明显高于对照组0(P<0.01)。PINCH和nm23-H1蛋白的表达与患者的淋巴结转移及FIGO分期有关(P<0.05),与患者年龄、肿瘤的组织病理分级及肿瘤大小无关(P>0.05)。COX-2蛋白的阳性表达与患者的淋巴结转移和病理分级有关(P<0.05),与患者年龄、肿瘤大小及FIGO分期无关(P>0.05)。PINCH、nm23-H1及COX-2蛋白在宫颈鳞癌中表达有相关性(C值分别为0.302、0.436、0.382,P<0.05)。结论 PINCH、nm23-H1及COX-2蛋白与宫颈鳞癌的发生、发展关系密切,提示联合检测PINCH、nm23-H1和COX-2蛋白的表达对进一步理解宫颈鳞癌的生物学行为和判断预后有一定的价值。

乳腺癌组织中Nup88、PINCH mRNA表达与HER-2的相关性研究

目的探讨乳腺癌组织中Nup88、PINCH mRNA表达与HER-2的关系。方法利用RT-PCR方法检测Nup88、PINCH mRNA在40例乳腺癌组织中的表达水平,并进一步用Spearman法对Nup88、PINCH mRNA表达和HER-2进行相关性分析。结果 Nup88 mRNA在乳腺癌组织中的表达水平为0.575±0.230,PINCH mRNA在乳腺癌组织中的表达水平为0.875±0.470;HER-2蛋白表达为:(-)20例,(+)8例,(++)5例,(+++)7例。Nup88 mRNA表达与HER-2相关性无统计学意义,但具有正相关趋势,r=0.30、P=0.062;PINCH mRNA表达与HER-2相关性亦无统计学意义,但具有正相关趋势,r=0.31、P=0.054。结论 Nup88、PINCH mRNA与HER-2可能在乳腺癌的发生、发展、转移过程中发挥一定的协同作用。

DISCHARGE CHANNEL GROWTH IN MICRO EDM OF HIGH FREQUENCY PULSE

The influences of intense magnetic pinch effect caused by electromagnetic field with high frequency on discharge channel expansion and plasma configuration change are discussed. The change of Lorentz force exerting on charged particles in discharge channel is calculated under the electromagnetic field with high frequency. Through the theoretical analysis and experimental study, the forming process of discharge channel is conjectured. And it is considered that the changes of discharge channel, such as the decrease of diameter and increase of energy density, coming from the intense magnetic pinch effect in high frequency electromagnetic field, are the main reasons for a series of special phenomena on the machined surface in micro EDM.