Emil Theodor Kocher and Theodor Billroth pioneered the surgical management of thyroid disease. Their surgical techniques, knowledge of thyroid anatomy, embryology, histology, physiology, and antisepsis practices trans...Emil Theodor Kocher and Theodor Billroth pioneered the surgical management of thyroid disease. Their surgical techniques, knowledge of thyroid anatomy, embryology, histology, physiology, and antisepsis practices transitioned a life-threatening operation to one with acceptable morbidity. The modern head and neck surgeon should have a meticulous surgical technique, combined with a thorough understanding of thyroid embryology and anatomy that is central to the understanding and treatment of the different disease processes of the thyroid gland and the consequences of thyroid gland surgery. In this manuscript we will be examining thyroid gland embryology, anatomy, histology, and physiology that is essential to the practicing thyroid surgeon.展开更多
Background Miniature pig （minipig） is increasingly used as a large animal model for a variety of biomedical studies. Little information is available in the literature on anatomy, histology and sialogragh of the subm...Background Miniature pig （minipig） is increasingly used as a large animal model for a variety of biomedical studies. Little information is available in the literature on anatomy, histology and sialogragh of the submandibular gland of the minipig. The purpose of this study was to characterize the morphology of a miniature pig＇s （minipig） submandibular gland as a large animal model for further biomedical studies. Methods Five minipigs were subjected to sialographic, anatomic, histologic, histochemical and uhrastructural evaluations for submandibular glands. Results Sialograms showed a long, horizontal main excretory duct and a pear-shaped gland located inferoposterior to the angle of the mandible. The submandibular glands lied superficial to the suprahyoid, and infrahyoid muscle groups, and were covered by the inferior portion of the parotid gland. The submandibular glands were characterized by a mixed parenchyma of mucous and serous secretory aeini. Alcian blue （AB） staining and periodic acid-Schiff （PAS） reactions demon-strated that minipig submandibular glands synthesized and secreted acid mucous substances by serous cells and polysaccharide, and neutral mucous substances, by mucous cells. Conclusion The submandibular gland of the minipig is considered a useful large salivary gland animal model for biomedical studies.展开更多
文摘Emil Theodor Kocher and Theodor Billroth pioneered the surgical management of thyroid disease. Their surgical techniques, knowledge of thyroid anatomy, embryology, histology, physiology, and antisepsis practices transitioned a life-threatening operation to one with acceptable morbidity. The modern head and neck surgeon should have a meticulous surgical technique, combined with a thorough understanding of thyroid embryology and anatomy that is central to the understanding and treatment of the different disease processes of the thyroid gland and the consequences of thyroid gland surgery. In this manuscript we will be examining thyroid gland embryology, anatomy, histology, and physiology that is essential to the practicing thyroid surgeon.
文摘Background Miniature pig （minipig） is increasingly used as a large animal model for a variety of biomedical studies. Little information is available in the literature on anatomy, histology and sialogragh of the submandibular gland of the minipig. The purpose of this study was to characterize the morphology of a miniature pig＇s （minipig） submandibular gland as a large animal model for further biomedical studies. Methods Five minipigs were subjected to sialographic, anatomic, histologic, histochemical and uhrastructural evaluations for submandibular glands. Results Sialograms showed a long, horizontal main excretory duct and a pear-shaped gland located inferoposterior to the angle of the mandible. The submandibular glands lied superficial to the suprahyoid, and infrahyoid muscle groups, and were covered by the inferior portion of the parotid gland. The submandibular glands were characterized by a mixed parenchyma of mucous and serous secretory aeini. Alcian blue （AB） staining and periodic acid-Schiff （PAS） reactions demon-strated that minipig submandibular glands synthesized and secreted acid mucous substances by serous cells and polysaccharide, and neutral mucous substances, by mucous cells. Conclusion The submandibular gland of the minipig is considered a useful large salivary gland animal model for biomedical studies.
