Properties of collective flow and pion production in intermediate-energy heavy-ion collisions with a relativistic quantum molecular dynamics model

The relativistic mean-field approach was implemented in the Lanzhou quantum molecular dynamics transport model(LQMD.RMF). Using the LQMD.RMF, the properties of collective flow and pion production were investigated systematically for nuclear reactions with various isospin asymmetries. The directed and elliptic flows of the LQMD.RMF are able to describe the experimental data of STAR Collaboration. The directed flow difference between free neutrons and protons was associated with the stiffness of the symmetry energy, that is, a softer symmetry energy led to a larger flow difference. For various collision energies, the ratio between the π^(-) and π^(+) yields increased with a decrease in the slope parameter of the symmetry energy. When the collision energy was 270 MeV/nucleon, the single ratio of the pion transverse momentum spectra also increased with decreasing slope parameter of the symmetry energy in both nearly symmetric and neutron-rich systems.However, it is difficult to constrain the stiffness of the symmetry energy with the double ratio because of the lack of threshold energy correction on the pion production.

Neutral Pion Electromagnetic Form Factor as a Bound System of 3 + 1 Dimensional QCD

We investigate a neutral pion electromagnetic form factor in momentum space and obtain Gaussian-like function for it. The characteristic form of our neutral pion electromagnetic form factor is consistent with the results published by Jefferson Lab Hall A Collaboration. .

光子对撞机上探测与Top夸克关联产生的荷电Top-pion介子∏_t^-

在Topcolor辅助的Technicolor(TC2)模型下,研究了γγ对撞中荷电Top-pion介子∏t-的产生过程γγ→t∏t-.研究结果表明,在一定的参数范围内,这个过程的产生截面大于10fb,如果未来直线对撞机ILC的年积分亮度可实现100fb-1,则每年可以观测到1000多个t∏t-产生事例.这意味着,在ILC上有望通过γγ→S∏t-来探测∏t-介子的产生,进而来检验TC2模型.

光子对撞机上TC2模型下top-pion介子对产生过程

在TC2模型下通过γγ→πt+πt-过程研究了对产生带电top-pion介子.结果表明,对于γγ→πt+πt-过程,其产生截面能够达到100fb量级.在年积分亮度为500fb-1的高能直线对撞机上,通过γγ→πt+πt-过程,每年能收集到数以千计的πt+πt-事例.有如此多的事例数和干净的背景,带电top-pion介子应该能在光子对撞机上被观测到.因此,该研究能帮助寻找带电top-pion介子,并为检验TC2模型提供很好的理论依据.

中性Top-pion介子产生过程e^+e^-→v_ev_e￣Π_t^0的研究

在顶色辅助的人工色模型下,深入研究了中性top-pion的产生过程e+e-→veve-Πt0.详细分析了质心能量与电子的极化状态对产生截面的影响.研究结果表明,在各种中性top-pion的产生道中,由于背景清晰,味改变道t-c是探测中性top-pion的最好的道.

强子对撞机上top-pion介子与t夸克的关联产生

Top-pion介子作为TC2理论特征粒子,它的存在与否是验证TC2模型的最直接的证据之一.我们在TC2模型框架下,对强子对撞机上带电top-pion介子与t夸克的关联产生过程(pp(p-p)→tΠt-)进行了研究.结果表明:在Tevatron上,通过该过程不易探测到带电的top-pion介子;而在LHC上,该过程年产生事例数可达104量级.因此,在LHC上很有希望探测到top-pion介子,并进一步检验TC2模型.

直线对撞机上中性top-pion介子产生过程的研究

为寻找新物理存在的可能性,在顶色辅助的人工色TC2理论模型下,研究了直线对撞机(ILC)上中性top-pion介子的产生机制.计算了γγ→t0这个过程的产生截面,结果显示.在所有中性top-pion产生过程中,γγ→0t的产生截面最大,其产生截面可以达到101—102fb量级.最后讨论了ILC上t0的各种衰变方式,由于树级味改变耦合t0t-c的存在,γγ→0t→t-c过程能够产生足够多的信号,并且由于背景干净,成为ILC上探测中性top-pion存在的最佳衰变道,这将为搜寻中性top-pion介子和检验TC2模型的正确性提供重要的理论依据.

带电Top-pion介子产生过程的研究

在顶色辅助的人工色(TC2)模型框架下,研究了带电的top-pion介子Πt-在光子对撞机上的产生过程γγ→t■Πt-.研究表明该过程的产生截面随质心能量的增加而增加,在TC2模型合理的参数空间内,其产生截面可达几十个fb的量级,在未来的高能直线对撞机上可产生足够多的可观测事例.另外,由于存在味改变的Πt-c■耦合,通过衰变道Πt-→c■探测Πt-背景比较干净,所以通过此过程可在将来的高能直线对撞机上实验中探测到的明显信号.

The Bare and Dressed Masses of Quarks in Pions via the of Quarks’ Geometric Model

In previous articles (Guido) we demonstrated that Quarks (u, d) are represented by golden geometric structures of coupled quantum oscillators. In this article we show the geometric structure of the pion triplet and, in particular, via the structure equation of neutral pion, we identify its decays and we solve the spin question in hadrons thanks also to introduction of algebraic operations [?, ⊕] on geometric structure. Moreover by means of the golden ratio between (u, d), we determine the values of bare masses of quarks (3.51 MeV for u-quark and 5.67 MeV for d-quark) and those ones bounded in a pion (53.31 MeV for u-quark and 85.26 MeV for d-quark). Finally, using algebraic operations [?, ⊕] we point out a new way to represent the processes of pions’ decay.

A New Research about Pion Parton Distribution Function

A new fit of the pion parton distribution functions is provided. Only valence quark distributions are used at a low evolution scale and are evolved with the modified Dokshitzer- Gribov-Lipatov-Altarelli-Parisi equation which is briefly introduced in this work, and the sea quark and gluon distributions are only generated by the quantum chromodynamics processes. We find that the patton distributions can explain the pion-nucleon experiments data well, and it can also be compared with the data from the leading neutron data of experiments at HERA. The momentum distributions among the partons are discussed and our results are consistent with some models.

Pion Cloud Effects on △-N Mass Splitting from Quark Models

Pion cloud effects on △-N mass splitting are studied based on quark models. Pseudo-scalar pion-quarkcoupling is discussed in the relativistic and nonrelativistic frameworks. We separately calculate the pion cloud effects bythe one-pion exchange potential and by another method which is consistent with the baryon chiral perturbation theory.Remark able discrepancy in the mass splitting between the two methods is shown.

Nucleonic ~1S_0 Superfluidity Induced by a Soft Pion in Neutron Star Matter with Antikaon Condensations

The nucleonic ~1S_0 superfluidity is investigated by solving the gap equation for the Reid soft-core potential as the nucleon-nucleon interaction in neutron star(NS) matter which is considered to be made up of p, e, μ and condensed antikaon matter. We mainly study the influence of the soft pion-induced potential on the nucleonic^1S_0 pairing gaps in the above NS matter. It is found that the intensities of the nucleonic ~1S_0 pairing gaps including the soft pion-induced potential are smaller than those calculated in the case of not including the soft pion-induced potential. Furthermore, the nucleonic ~1S_0 pairing gaps with the soft pion-induced potential fall into decline with the deepening of the optical potential of antikaons in the above NS matter, whereas they increase with the parameter η for the fixed optical potential of antikaons. Due to the appearance of the soft pion-induced potential, the maximum values of nucleonic ~1S_0 pairing gaps at parameter η = 0.20,0.55 are suppressed by1.7%-6.8% with respect to the case without soft pion-induced potential in the above NS matter.

Finite Temperature Asymmetric Nuclear Matter Using Pion Dressing

We study the asymmetric nuclear matter in a nonperturvative manner at finite temperatures using thermofield dynamics method. The nucleon-meson interaction is taken to examine the binding energy (EB), pressure (P) for various proton fractions.

Two-Pion Interferometry for the Granular Source in Heavy Ion Collisions at LHC Energies

The space-time characters of the pion-emitting sources produced in the heavy ion collisions at the Large Hadron Collider （LHC） energies are investigated in a granular source model of quark-gluon plasma droplets. The results of two-pion interferometry indicate that the longi- tudinal interferometry radius is sensitive to the initial breakup time of the system. For a larger breakup time the values of the longitudinal interferometry radius for the LHC source are larger than that of the source produced in the collisions at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider＇s （RHIC） top energy. However, the values of the longitudinal radius are smaller if the source fragments at a smaller breakup time with a higher initial temperature of the droplets. The values of the transverse interferometry radius in the ＂side＂ direction for the LHC sources are larger than those for the RHIC source. The imaging analyses for the characteristic quantities of the granular sources are consistent with the interferometry radii.

On the Mechanism of Nucleon-Nucleon Attraction by Pion Exchange

A formula is derived for the central nucleon-nucleon potential, based on an analysis of the physical origin of the nucleon-nucleon attraction by pion exchange. The decrease of the dynamical mass of the interaction field, exchanged pion in this case, is the principal mechanism responsible for the nuclear attraction in a similar way that the decrease of the kinetic energy of the exchange electron in the diatomic molecule is directly responsible for the covalent molecular attraction. The minimum value of this central nucleon-nucleon potential and the position of the minimum are similar with the values reported in literature for a potential calculated by lattice QCD, which shares the features of the phenomenological nucleon-nucleon potentials. The Schrodinger equation with this central nucleon-nucleon potential was solved numerically for different values of the pion mass. The binding energy increases with the decrease of the pion mass. For masses higher than the real pion mass the nucleon-nucleon system is unbound. We discuss on the two pion exchange and hard core repulsion. The minimum value of the potential for two pion exchange is comparable with the minimum value of the CD Bonn potential. For a hard core radius of 0.5 fm the binding energy is equal to the deuteron binding energy.

Sensitivity of Pion versus Parton-Jet Nuclear Modification Factors to the Path-Length Dependence of Jet-Energy Loss at RHIC and LHC

We compare the jet-path length and beam-energy dependence of the pion nuclear modification factor and a patton-jet nuclear modification factor at RHIC and LHC, and contrast the predictions based on a linear pQCD and a highly non-linear hybrid AdS holographic model of jet-energy loss. It is found that both models require a reduction of the jet-medium coupling from RHIC to LHC to account for the measured pion nuclear modification factor. In the case of the parton-jet nuclear modification factor, however, which serves as a lower bound for the LO jet nuclear modification factor of reconstructed jets, the extracted data can be characterized without a reduced jet-medium coupling at LHC energies. It is concluded that when the reconstructed jets are sensitive to both quarks and gluons and thus provide more information than the pion nuclear modification factor, their information regarding the jet-medium coupling is limited due to the superposition with NLO and medium effects. Hence, a detailed description of the underlying physics requires both the leading hadron and the reconstructed jet nuclear modification factor. Unfortunately, the results for both the pion and the parton-jet nuclear modification factor are insensitive to the jet-path dependence of the models considered.

CC and NC Pion Production

The disappearance searching experiments ?use charged current quasielastic (CCQE) reaction to detect an arriving neutrino and reconstruct its energy, while the CC1π+ production can mimic the CCQE signal process. In ?appearance experiments, the NC1π0 production process can lead to a fake e-?event by the impossibility for the detector of distinguish an arriving electron or a photon. Here we present a consistent model, from the point of view of the construction of the elemental amplitude, for the mentioned pion production background processes including bounding, smearing and final state interaction (FSI) effects in a single fashion. Results are comparable with more evolved approaches based on Monte Carlo simulations.

Rotating Lepton Model of Pions and Kaons: Mechanics at fm Distances

The present article is a continuation of a recently published paper [1] in which we have modeled the composition and structure of neutrons and other hadrons using the Rotating Lepton Model (RLM) which is a Bohr type model employing the relativistic gravitational attraction between three ultrafast rotating neutrinos as the centripetal force. The RLM accounts for special relativity and also for the De Broglie equation of quantum mechanics. In this way this force was shown to reach the value of the Strong Force while the values of the masses of the rotating relativistic neutrinos reach those of quarks. Masses computed for twelve hadrons and bosons are in very close (~2%) agreement with the experimental values. Here we use the same RLM approach to describe the composition and structure and to compute the masses of Pions and Kaons which are important zero spin mesons. Contrary to hadrons and bosons which have been found via the RLM to comprise the heaviest neutrino eigenmass m3, in the case of mesons the intermediate neutrino mass eigenstate m2 is found to play the dominant role. This can explain why the lowest masses of mesons are generally smaller than those of hadrons and bosons. Thus in the case of Pions it is found that they comprise three rotating m2 mass eigenstate neutrinos and the computed mass of 136.6 MeV/c2 is in good agreement with the experimental value of 134.977 MeV/c2. The Kaon structure is found to consist of six m2 mass eigenstate neutrinos arranged in two parallel pion-type rotating triads. The computed Kaon mass differs less that 2% from the experimental K± and K°values of 493.677 MeV/c2 and 497.648 MeV/c2 respectively. This, in conjunction with the experimentally observed decay products of the Kaons, provides strong support for the proposed K structure.

Production of High-p_T Kaon and Pion in PP and Au-Au Collisions by Resolved Photoproduction Processes

Taking into account the effects of shadowing and jet quenching, the large transverse momentum distribution of K＋, π＋ and K＋/π＋ ratios at s = 200 GeV originating from resolved photoproduction processes is calculated based on perturbative quantum chromodynamics. It is found that the contribution of K＋ and π＋ produced by photoproduction processes is evident. The K＋ /π＋ ratios in Au-Au collisions show an obvious enhancement compared with p p collisions. The numerical results indicate that the photoproduetion processes are good modification for kaon and pion production.