The Effective Buckling Length on Numerical Study of Pipe-Sectioned Pier-Pile Integral Steel Structure

Pier-Pile integral structures provide construction works with many environmental and landscape advantages. For example, the space required to construct these structures is smaller than that of other bridges due to the footing being removed, meaning that it is not necessity to greatly change the surroundings of these bridges. While there are environmental and landscape advantages, there are also a few demerits for the overall land-scape designs, including demerits in the design of this proposed structure which consists of relatively slender parts. This proposed structure has already been constructed in areas where possibility of a severe earthquake is low. However, some problems that have yet to be examined are related to the use of this proposed structure in areas where earthquakes are frequent. Lacking detailed studies of its behavior during severe earthquakes, it is currently difficult to construct these structures in Japan. Consequently, it is necessary to investigate in detail limited performance about compression and bending moment, and earthquake- resistant performance of these structures in order to resolve these problems. In this paper, It was clarified the relationship between the rigidity of the ground and the effective buckling length by buckling analysis and elasto- plastic finite deformation analysis. Moreover, it was proposed a simplified formula using a proposed characteristic value β and several factors for analysis accuracy. A simplified formula would support to determine the effective buckling length to design the pier using the load-bearing capacity curve based on the slenderness ratio parameter.

Experiment investigation on visualization and operating characteristics of closed loop plate oscillating heat pipe with parallel channels

Using ethanol or acetone as the working fluid, visualization of oscillations in steady state was observed visually by high-speed cameras, and temperature oscillating and heat transfer characteristics of closed-loop plate oscillating heat pipe with parallel channels(POHP-PC) were experimentally investigated by varying liquid filled ratios(50%, 70%, 85%), section scales(1 mm×1 mm and 1 mm×1.5 mm), inclination angles, working fluids and heating inputs. It was found that during operating there was mixed flow consisting of plug flow and annular flow in channels of oscillating heat pipe at steady-state. There was an equilibrium position for working fluid of condenser during oscillating, and periodic oscillations occurred up and down in the vicinity of equilibrium position. With heat input increasing, equilibrium position rose slowly as a result of vapor pressure of evaporation.Evaporation temperature oscillating amplitude possessed a trend of small-large-small and frequency trend was of small-large during steady-state. It may be generally concluded that temperature, whether evaporator or condenser, fluctuated sharply or rose continuously when oscillating heat pipe coming to dry burning state. Simultaneously, it was found that temperature difference of cooling water possibly dropped with heat input rising during dry burning state. Thermal resistance of No. 2 with acetone was lower than that of No. 1 during experiments, but No. 2 achieving heat transfer limit was earlier than No. 1. However, with ethanol, thermal resistance of No. 1 and No. 2 were similar with the heating input less than 110-120 W and filling ratios of 50% and 70%. And with filling ratio of 85%, heating transfer performance of No. 2 was better compared to No. 1 during all the experiments.

3D geological modeling for mineral resource assessment of the Tongshan Cu deposit,Heilongjiang Province,China

Three-dimensional geological modeling （3DGM） assists geologists to quantitatively study in three-dimensional （3D） space structures that define temporal and spatial relationships between geological objects. The 3D property model can also be used to infer or deduce causes of geological objects. 3DGM technology provides technical support for extraction of diverse geoscience information, 3D modeling, and quantitative calculation of mineral resources. Based on metallogenic concepts and an ore deposit model, 3DGM technology is applied to analyze geological characteristics of the Tongshan Cu deposit in order to define a metallogenic model and develop a virtual borehole technology; a BP neural network and a 3D interpolation technique were combined to integrate multiple geoscience information in a 3D environment. The results indicate： （1） on basis of the concept of magmatic-hydrothermal Cu polymetallic mineraliza- tion and a porphyry Cu deposit model, a spatial relational database of multiple geoscience information for mineralization in the study area （geology, geophysics, geochemistry, borehole, and cross-section data） was established, and 3D metallogenic geological objects including mineralization stratum, granodiorite, alteration rock, and magnetic anomaly were constructed; （2） on basis of the 3D ore deposit model, 23,800 effective surveys from 94 boreholes and 21 sections were applied to establish 3D orebody models with a kriging interpolation method; （3） combined 23,800 surveys involving 21 sections, using VC＋＋ and OpenGL platform, virtual borehole and virtual section with BP network, and an improved inverse distance interpolation （IDW） method were used to predict and delineate mineralization potential targets （Cu-grade of cell not less than 0.1%）; （4） comparison of 3D ore bodies, metallogenic geological objects of mineralization, and potential targets of mineralization models in the study area, delineated the 3D spatial and temporal relationship and causal processes among the ore bodies, alteration rock, metallo- genic stratum, intrusive rock, and the Tongshan Fault. This study provides important technical support and a scientific basis for assessment of the Tongshan Cu deposit and surrounding exploration and mineral resources.

Distribution and characteristics of gravelly soil liquefaction in the Wenchuan M_s 8.0 earthquake

In this paper,a distribution map of gravelly soil liquefaction that was caused by the Wenchuan M8.0 earthquake in China is proposed based on a detailed field investigation and an analysis of geological soil profiles. The geological background of the earthquake disaster region is summarized by compiling geological cross sections and borehole logs. Meanwhile,four typical liquefied sites were selected to conduct sample drillings,dynamic penetration tests (DPT),and shear wave velocity tests,to understand the features of liquefied gravelly soil. One hundred and eighteen (118) liquefied sites were investigated shortly after the earthquake. The field investigation showed:(1) sandboils and waterspouts occurred extensively,involving thousands of miles of farmland,120 villages,eight schools and five factories,which caused damage to some rural houses,schools,manufacturing facilities and wells,etc.; (2) the Chengdu plain is covered by a gravelly soil layer with a thickness of 0 m to 541 m according to the geological cross sections; (3) there were 80 gravelly soil liquefied sites in the Chengdu plain,shaped as five belt areas that varied from 20 km to 40 km in length,and about ten gravelly soil liquefied sites distributed within Mianyang area; and (4) the grain sizes of the sampled soil were relative larger than the ejected soil on the ground,thus the type of liquefied soil cannot be determined by the ejected soil. The gravelly soil liquefied sites are helpful in enriching the global database of gravelly soil liquefaction and developing a corresponding evaluation method in further research efforts.

MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMIC PIPE FLOW IN DUCTS WITH PARTIAL CIRCULAR RING CROSS SECTION AND ANNULAR CROSS SECTION

In this paper we use the Green function method to solve the problem of steady one dimensional flow of an incompressible viscous, electrically conducting fluid through a pipe with partial circular ring cross sec- tion and one with annular cross section, in the presence of an applied transverse uniform magnetic field, We ob- tain analytic solutions and carry out some numerical calculations of the velocity distribution and induced magnet- ic field.

An improved siphon drainage method for slope stabilization

The siphon drainage is an effective measure for the slope groundwater control. However,for the traditional siphon drainage, limitations such as siphon lift restriction and poor reliability in longterm service prevent it from being widely used. In this study, an improved siphon drainage method with inclined borehole penetrating the deep part of the slope is proposed to overcome the limitations suffered by the traditional method. Through experimental research, theoretical analysis and engineering practice,the reliability and capability of the proposed method are investigated. The results demonstrate that with the inclined pipe the height difference between the control point of the groundwater level and the orifice can be controlled to be less than the height of the water column corresponding to the local atmospheric pressure. As a result, deep drainage can be achieved.In addition, by controlling the diameter of siphon drainage pipe not larger than 4 mm, a plug flow can be formed in the siphon pipe, which can prevent air accumulation in the siphon process and a continuous and effective siphon drainage is achieved. Through a practical project running smoothly since September 2013, it is found that the proposed method can effectively drain the groundwater deep in the slope and the maximum drawdown of groundwater level in boreholes can reach 8.5 m with an average drainage flow of 5.5 m3/d. The practical results also illustrate that 4 mm siphon pipe can be used to realize deep slope drainage and restart siphon automatically.

MATLAB语言在海底管道输送技术中的应用

首先对黄青线输送油品的流变性进行分析,利用MATLAB语言中Spline函数得到黏温曲线,然后对黄青线海底管道输送技术进行研究,利用分段计算法计算管道沿线油温,整个过程采用MATLAB语言进行编程,得到海底管道在裸露和埋地两种工况下的沿线油温数据,再利用MATLAB语言中Polyfit函数,得到黄青线两种工况下沿线油温变化曲线,根据两条曲线的对比,可以确定出黄青线海底管线运行工况和周围介质情况,以便确定出稳妥的输送方案,确保海底管线的安全运行。

LID设施布局对城市径流与污染负荷影响评估

关于低影响开发(LID)空间布局对水量水质控制效果影响的研究较为缺乏。针对上述问题,以郑州市中原区为对象,基于SWMM模型原理构建布设LID设施的研究区城市水量水质模型。所提模型依据城市综合径流系数的经验值以及研究区实际情况,将中原区划分为城市建筑高、中、低密集区,并在研究区高、中、低密集子汇水区布设不同比例的LID设施(S1~S5),计算不同雨量级别下不同空间格局下的LID设施对水量水质的控制效果。结果表明:随着雨量级别的增大,LID方案的径流总量削减率、峰值流量削减率和TSS负荷削减率不断减小。在降雨级别为暴雨、大雨和中雨时,在高、中、低密集子汇水区布设占比分别为35%、35%和30%的LID方案(S5),其径流总量削减率超过80%,峰值流量削减率超过70%,且TSS负荷削减率超过50%。从各事件下水量与水质综合指标评估来看,该方案表现最佳。

变截面消声管道耦合Helmholtz腔结构的声学性能

基于局域共振理论与管道消声理论,设计了一种变截面消声管道耦合Helmholtz谐振腔的声学超材料结构,并运用COMSOL软件进行仿真研究.在此基础上,探讨了变截面声学超材料结构的几何参数对吸声系数峰值的影响,运用声学试验测试了该声学超材料结构的声学性能.结果表明:该变截面声学超材料结构在低频范围(200~600 Hz)内可实现良好的吸声效果;通过改变管道小孔的截面半径,可以实现声学超材料结构固有频率的定向调节;与普通Helmholtz腔相比,该声学超材料结构的吸声系数峰可在一定低频范围内移动,提高了结构在低频范围内的吸声效果,拓宽了吸声系数峰值对应频率的范围;声学超材料结构的几何参数得到了优化,具有良好的吸声效果.

高陡边坡变截面桩基础受力性能研究

高陡边坡中输电塔大直径钢管直桩基础存在材料浪费、经济型较差的问题,使用阶梯变截面桩基础可有效提高基础的经济性、降低施工难度。文中采用ABAQUS软件分别建立45°边坡的变截面桩及直桩精细化有限元模型,在相同下压工况下,以最大应力和最大位移为分析对象,对变截面桩和直桩进行对比。研究发现,在软土地区45°边坡条件下,变截面桩和等截面桩最大拉应力值均符合强度要求,最大位移和钢筋笼最大应力相差很小,变截面桩可以代替直桩;在硬土地区45°边坡条件下,变截面桩和等截面桩最大拉应力值均符合强度要求,最大位移和钢筋笼最大应力相差很小,变截面桩可以代替直桩。研究成果可为阶梯变截面桩在高陡边坡输电塔中应用提供一定的借鉴与参考。

中深层地热地埋管管群换热性能模拟和布置优化

在中深层地热地埋管(DBHE)供热技术应用中,主要使用多个地埋管构成管群为建筑供暖。为了研究中深层同轴地埋管管群换热性能,本文基于西安市西咸新区典型地质分布,构建了中深层同轴地埋管管群数值模型,研究了不同间距、不同分布下各地埋管换热器间热交互作用以及长期取热期水温衰减规律。结果表明,多井集群供暖过程中周围岩土所形成的“冷堆积”现象是导致地埋管集群供暖能力逐年下降的主要原因;当地埋管间距从5m增至25m,平均出口水温和取热功率分别提升3.86%和11.5%;在西咸新区典型地质条件分布下,地埋管间间距应保持在15m以上;本文提出的四种管群分布中,地埋管呈直线分布时各地埋管出口水温和取热功率衰减最小,其中心地埋管出口水温仅衰减5.74%。在工程设计中,中深层地埋管管群应尽可能直线排布,避免重叠排布。

陕北地区中深层同轴地埋管取热性能影响因素分析及优化

中深层同轴地埋管地热供热技术在我国北方城镇供热领域兴起并广泛应用。陕北地区地热资源丰富,但地温梯度略低且岩土热物性参数特性不同,地质参数影响中深层同轴地埋管的取热性能。采用OpenGeoSys开源数值模拟平台建立三维中深层同轴地埋管耦合地层传热计算模型,并基于陕北地区典型地质参数,研究不同设计参数对中深层同轴地埋管取热性能的影响及全生命周期技术经济性,优选出地热工程最佳工艺参数。结果表明,中深层同轴地埋管的外管径与埋深增大均能提升取热能力。相较于外管径,埋深对取热能力的提升效果更为显著,埋深从2 500 m增加到3 500 m,取热量增加了77.3%。依据工程实践,当外管外径×厚度大于177.80 mm×9.19 mm时所对应的平均能源成本因其钻井成本陡增而增大。在给定工况参数下,推荐中深层同轴地埋管的最佳外管外径×厚度为177.80 mm×9.19 mm,埋深为3 200 m,此时平均能源成本为0.524元/(kW·h),经济效益最优。

复合载荷作用下矿用定向钻杆接头的三维力学特性分析

煤矿钻杆在严苛的服役环境和复杂的受力状态下易失效,不仅影响正常生产,而且还因打捞困难致使事故恶化。针对上述问题,以煤矿φ73 mm外平定向钻杆为研究对象,对不同载荷下钻杆接头进行了受力分析,并通过单轴拉伸试验获得了接头材料的力学性能参数,构建了接头材料的本构模型。在此基础上,应用虚功原理、Von Mises屈服准则和接触非线性理论建立了钻杆接头螺纹的弹塑性有限元分析模型,分析了不同工况载荷作用下接头部位的受力状态及应力场分布规律。研究结果表明:在预紧扭矩为2000 N·m时,该钻杆接头具有良好的密封性能和联接强度;单扭和拉扭载荷下,靠近主台肩的第一螺纹牙为主要失效部位;在压、弯、扭载荷下,主台肩为主要失效部位;在钻机最大扭矩与推进力的作用下,接头的抗弯能力达到3°/3 m。

加氢装置原料运输线排污管节腐蚀失效原因

某加氢装置原料运输线排污管节发生了腐蚀开裂。通过宏微观形貌观察、化学成分分析、腐蚀产物成分分析、金相检查等手段分析了管节腐蚀失效的原因,并提出了相应的改进措施。结果表明:管节化学成分和组织正常,管节材料未敏化;裂纹从管节内壁开始扩展至外壁,分叉特征明显,为穿晶裂纹;断口表面腐蚀产物中残存着氯元素。综合裂纹特征和腐蚀产物成分可以推断该管节发生了由氯离子引起的应力腐蚀开裂。管节两端存在较大的温差,造成了局部水相析出,介质中的腐蚀性氯元素在水相中聚集,形成应力腐蚀开裂的环境。

三心拱断面地下管廊结构地震动力响应分析

针对地下管廊抗震的问题,以郑州市耿河变电站到博文变电站之间的三心拱断面地下管廊为研究对象,利用ANSYS Workbench软件建立三维实体模型,对其进行前6阶的模态分析,发现该管廊存在纵向振动、竖向振动、横向振动以及转动。基于模态分析,对管廊在水平地震和竖向地震作用下的位移响应、加速度响应和主应力响应进行分析。结果表明:最大的水平和竖向位移峰值分别为-24.222 mm和-8.954 mm;最大加速度峰值分别为3354.2 mm/s^(2)和1646.0 mm/s^(2);第一主应力峰值分别为514.7 kPa和244.15 kPa;第三主应力峰值分别为-608.15 kPa和-256.71 kPa,可得出水平地震占主导作用。对管廊的横向地震动力时程进行分析,改变频谱特性、结构材料强度、结构埋深等参数,分析其对管廊抗震性能的影响。得到研究的管廊结构在地震波频谱特性约为1.1 Hz时最为敏感;混凝土强度的改变对管廊结构的动力响应影响不大;随管廊埋设深度的增加,周边土压力加大,使其内力逐步上升。

偏心载荷作用下弯管组合段局部屈曲失效分析

为研究弯管组合段在复杂载荷作用下的屈曲行为,提出1种基于远场应变评估管道稳定性的方法,利用数值模拟方法,建立偏心载荷作用下弯管组合段有限元模型,确定临界屈曲状态下管道的极限载荷及应变状态,并研究内压、壁厚以及载荷分布对弯管组合段极限承载能力与极限应变能力的影响。研究结果表明:内压增加或壁厚减少都会降低管道的极限承载能力,均布载荷增加与非均布载荷减少会增强管道抵抗屈曲能力;距离褶皱中心为0.21 D的远场应变可以作为管道临界屈曲应变,其极限压缩应变值为0.5%。研究结果可为复杂载荷下弯管组合段的稳定性评估提供参考。

宽量程高速电阻层析成像系统设计与实验研究

为准确识别水下冲压发动机工作管道截面气液两相流流型,该文提出将电阻层析成像(ERT)技术用于管道截面的图像重建。基于现场可编程门阵列(FPGA)控制器设计了一套12电极的管道截面高速ERT成像系统,系统采用线性反投影算法对截面图像进行重建,通过实验验证了系统测量结果的正确性以及图像重建的可行性。实验结果表明系统量程可达10 k?、实时测速可达51 f/s,能够准确测量管道截面敏感场内的边界电压,可对模拟环境中的水下冲压发动机管道截面进行图像重建。

基于重叠网格的真空管道高速列车运行条件对温度场影响分析

为研究真空管道列车在运行时管道内的温度场与管道截面积、真空度和运行速度之间的关系,利用仿真软件Fluent,并结合重叠网格技术对不同列车运行速度、管道截面积和真空度进行仿真,分析了其对管道内和列车表面温度场的影响情况。研究结果表明,管道截面积的增加以及运行速度的降低会导致列车表面以及管道内温度降低;管道内真空度的增加对管道内温度场影响不大,但会使列车表面温度呈上升趋势。

Plastic limit load analysis for pressure pipe with incomplete welding defects based on the extended Net Section Collapse Criteria

With von Mises yield criterion,the loading range of Net Section Collapse(NSC) Criteria is extended from combined tension and bending loadings to combined bending,torsion and internal pressure loadings.A new theoretical analyzing method of plastic limit load for pressure pipe with incomplete welding defects based on the extended NSC Criteria is presented and the correlative formulas are deduced,the influences of pipe curvature,circumferential length and depth of incomplete welding defects on the plastic limit load of pressure pipe are considered as well in this method.Meanwhile,according to the orthogonal experimental design method,the plastic limit loads are calculated by the finite element method and compared with the theoretical values.The results show that the expressions of plastic limit load of pressure pipe with incomplete welding defects under bending,torsion and internal pressure based on extended NSC criteria are reliable.The study provides an important theoretical basis for the establishment of safety assessment measure towards pressure pipe with incomplete welding defects.

青海油田风西区块长水平段水平井钻井液技术

青海油田为实现稀井高产开发技术方案,在柴达木盆地大风山地区风西构造部署五口长裸眼水平井,并同时应用水基、油基钻井液进行施工对比,总结完善风西长裸眼长水平段水平井钻完井工艺技术模板。以优质复合盐水基钻井液在风西ⅠH1-5井的现场应用实例进行总结,并对相关钻井工艺技术应用、工程参数控制、流变性与携带等进行分析。风西ⅠH1-5井完钻井深为5478 m,水平段长2541 m,创青海油田水平段最长、油层钻遇率最高(100%)、水平井单趟进尺最多(1566 m)、水平段短程起下钻井段最长(达1000 m)、首次采用漂浮下套管技术等多项施工新纪录,该井的成功钻探对于超长水平段水平井的钻完井工艺在青海油田应用具有里程碑意义。与应用油基钻井液施工的邻井就钻井周期进行了对标分析,该优质复合盐水基钻井液施工井均优于油基钻井液施工井,对今后钻探长裸眼、长水平段水平井钻井液体系优选有较好的指导借鉴。