Citrus and palm trees’ extracts, commercially formulated as ProAlexin PNSTM and AgrisprayTM, were studied against the pistachio psyllid, Agonoscena pistaciae, in field conditions. Generally, foliage spraying applicat...Citrus and palm trees’ extracts, commercially formulated as ProAlexin PNSTM and AgrisprayTM, were studied against the pistachio psyllid, Agonoscena pistaciae, in field conditions. Generally, foliage spraying application against the pistachio psyllid may cause severe reduction on the honeybee forager population, which visits infested trees to collect honeydew. ProAlexinTM products have the same formulation with Provigoro 14 WA Bee Care?, a natural water acidifier, which not only has negative action on the honeybees, but also shows disinfectant action against Nosema spp. The scope of the present study was to determine any effect of ProAlexin products on the reduction of the population of the pistachio psyllid, Agonoscena pistaciae. Experiments were performed at the orchard of the A.U.A., with two mixtures sprayed on psyllid infested pistachio trees, the first with ProAlexin PNSTM and AgrisprayTM and the second only with AgrisprayTM. They were both applied with the addition of APG25TM non-ionic surfactant. Results showed that mortality on the trees treated with ProAlexin PNSTM + AgrisprayTM mixture and AgrisprayTM was significantly higher compared with the control. This could be explained due to the phytoalexins that these products elicit, which are part of the plant mechanism against insect herbivores. These products are potentially promising methods to be used in sustainable agriculture approaches against the pistachio psyllid and they should be tested for their effects on the biological control agents of this pest. Beyond this, the results of this study encourage to test their effects on other pests of pistachio and other tree species.展开更多
As a renewable energy, biomass energy has aroused wide attention and studies of this issue have become a hot topic throughout the world. Pistacia chinensis Bunge (Anacardiaceae) is a superior species for biomass ene...As a renewable energy, biomass energy has aroused wide attention and studies of this issue have become a hot topic throughout the world. Pistacia chinensis Bunge (Anacardiaceae) is a superior species for biomass energy with high oil content in seeds and wide geographic distribution. It is a dioeciously, deciduous arbor, flowering from March to April and bearing fruits from September to November. The classification, regional distribution and biological characteristics ofP chinensis are stated in this paper, then, research advances in the growth, breeding and physiology of this species are summarized. The problems in present studies are broached. Finally, a future direction for research is proposed.展开更多
Many food and plant extracts have shown in vitro antiHelicobacter pylori(H.pylori)activity,but are less effective in vivo.The anti-H.pylori effects of these extracts are mainly permeabilitization of the membrane,anti-...Many food and plant extracts have shown in vitro antiHelicobacter pylori(H.pylori)activity,but are less effective in vivo.The anti-H.pylori effects of these extracts are mainly permeabilitization of the membrane,anti-adhesion,inhibition of bacterial enzymes andbacterial grown.We,herein,review treatment effects of cranberry,garlic,curcumin,ginger and pistacia gum against H.pylori in both in vitro,animal studies and in vivo studies.展开更多
Mastic gum is derived from the tree named Pistacia lentiscus that is grown only in Island Hios of Greek.Since Mastic was first reported to kill Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori)in 1998,there has been no further study to e...Mastic gum is derived from the tree named Pistacia lentiscus that is grown only in Island Hios of Greek.Since Mastic was first reported to kill Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori)in 1998,there has been no further study to elucidate which component of mastic specifically shows the antimicrobial activity against H.pylori.In this study,we examined which component of mastic gum was responsible for anti-H.pylori activity.We prepared the essential oil of mastic gum and identified 20 constituents by GC–MS analysis.Ten standard components were assayed for anti-H.pylori activity,and it clarified that a-terpineol and(E)-methyl isoeugenol showed the anti-H.pylori activity against four different H.pylori strains that were established from patients with gastritis,gastric ulcer and gastric cancer.These components could be useful to overcome the drug-resistance H.pylori growth in stomach.展开更多
Although cultivation and utilization of Pistacia are fully exploited, the evolutionary history of the Pistacia genus and the relationships among the species and accessions is still not well understood. The aim of this...Although cultivation and utilization of Pistacia are fully exploited, the evolutionary history of the Pistacia genus and the relationships among the species and accessions is still not well understood. The aim of this study was to analyze random amplified polymorphic DNA(RAPD) in a total of 50 accessions of wild pistachio species, which included five populations Pistacia vera, Pistacia khinjuk,Pistacia atlantica, Pistacia mutica, and Pistacia eurycarpa.High levels of genetic diversity were detected within wild pistachio accessions, as revealed by using the unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic averaging and supported via analysis of molecular variance. The objectives of this investigation were to estimate marker indices, polymorphic information contents(PICs), and genetic similarities(GS)for RAPD markers; assess the genetic diversity of Pistacia species, using GS estimated from RAPD fingerprints and molecular characterization; and facilitate the use of markers in inter-specific introgression and cultivar improvement.Out of the 149 polymerase chain reaction fragments that were scored, 146(97.98 %) were polymorphic. Genetic similarities ranged from 0.3 to 0.86 %, marker indices ranged from 2.98 to 17.74 %, and PICs ranged from 0.80 to0.99 %. Our results provided great molecular identification of all assayed genotypes, which have shown that there is large quantity of genetic diversity among the pistachio accessions. This finding might render striking information in breeding management strategies for genetic conservation and cultivar development.展开更多
We assessed different rootstocks and grafting techniques to clonally propagate mastic tree (Pistacia lentiscus var. chia). Mastic tree is a dioecious tree but the quantity and quality of the resin secreted by female...We assessed different rootstocks and grafting techniques to clonally propagate mastic tree (Pistacia lentiscus var. chia). Mastic tree is a dioecious tree but the quantity and quality of the resin secreted by female trees are very low; therefore, male trees that are clonally propagated are used to establish commercial plantations for mastic production. Conventional long branch cuttings for clonal production requires too much materials and has a very low rooting rate. Rooting with tissue culture and green cuttings has also failed outdoors. Grafting of mastic on other Pistacia species has not been tried so far; therefore, this study was aimed at developing grafting methods for the clonal propagation of mastic. P. atlantica and P. lentiscus rootstocks were grafted from 15 February to 15 October every 15 days using three grafting methods and a two-factor randomized block trial design. Early spring (15 February-15 March) proved to be the best time for grafting using either of the rootstocks. The highest grafting success was attained using the scions grafted on P. atlantica from 15 February to 15 March. The best bud-burst percentage was obtained using P. atlantica and P. lentiscus rootstocks.展开更多
Wild pistachio tree (Pistacia mutica) is considered the most important species in the Zagros forests. It can adapt to unfavorable environmental conditions. To find the suitable ecological conditions for pistachio sp...Wild pistachio tree (Pistacia mutica) is considered the most important species in the Zagros forests. It can adapt to unfavorable environmental conditions. To find the suitable ecological conditions for pistachio species, we investigated different environmental factors such as gradient, aspect and position of the slopes through the distribution area. Frequency of pistachio trees in the north and northwest of Qalajeh forests was 36.4% and 1%, respectively. Maximum (32%) and minimum (13%) number of wild pistachio trees were in 30%--60% and 〉120% slope classes, respectively. The most number and least number of pistachio trees were found at elevations of 1100-1200 m and 2200-2300 m, respectively. The percentage of pistachio canopy coverage was 10. The average percentage of herbaceous coverage was 6.5. Pistachio trees of diameter per hectare at breast height (DBH) 〉20 cm numbered 5 while average number of pistachio trees was 8 per hectare. Pistachio seedlings per hectare averaged 3.5. The number of other species per ha was 7 trees. The effect of aspect on other species was not significant (p=0.151). Slope class and geographical aspect did not affect regeneration (p=0.275 and p=0.111, respectively). Pistachio plays an important economic role in semi-arid areas, therefore it is essential to protect and restore Qalajeh forests through participation by government and local people.展开更多
Pistacia is an economically important genus because it contains the pistachio crop, P. vera, which has edible seeds of considerable commercial importance whose value has increased over the last two decades reaching an...Pistacia is an economically important genus because it contains the pistachio crop, P. vera, which has edible seeds of considerable commercial importance whose value has increased over the last two decades reaching an annual value of about $2 billion (harvested crop). The taxonomic relationships among its species are controversial and not well under- stood due to the fact that they have no genetic barriers. The taxonomy of this genus is revised in detail through our re- search. It includes the following taxa: Pistacia atlantica Desf., P. chinensis Bunge subsp. chinensis, P. chinensis subsp. falcata (Bess. ex Martinelli) Rech. f., P. chinensis subsp. integerrima (J.L. Stew. ex Brandis) Rech. f., P. eurycarpa Yalt., P. khinjuk Stocks, P. lentiscus L. subsp. lentiscus, P. lentiscus subsp. emarginata (Engl.) AL-Saghir, P. mexicana Humb., Bonpl., & Kunth, P. X saportae Burnat, P. terebinthus L., P. vera L., and P. weinmannifolia Poiss. ex Franch. The genus is divided into two sections: section Pistacia and section Lentiscella. A key to the 14 taxa that have been recognized by this study is included. The new combination P. lentiscus subsp. emarginata (Engl.) AL-Saghir is made, and the names P. chinensis subsp. integerrima (J. L. Stew. ex Brandis) Rech. F., P. terebinthus L., and P. vera L. are lectotypified.展开更多
Two new gallotannins, pistafolins A (1) and B (2), were isolated from the leaf extract of Pistacia weinmannifolia. Their structures were determined by spectral methods.
Objective:To assess the anti-tumor effects of Pistacia atlantica methanolic extract(PAME)compared with cyclophosphamide against Ehrlich solid tumors in mice.Methods:Swiss albino mice(n=40)were divided into five groups...Objective:To assess the anti-tumor effects of Pistacia atlantica methanolic extract(PAME)compared with cyclophosphamide against Ehrlich solid tumors in mice.Methods:Swiss albino mice(n=40)were divided into five groups:normal control mice,mice with Ehrlich solid tumors treated with normal saline,mice with Ehrlich solid tumors treated with cyclophosphamide intraperitoneally once a day for 14 d,or 50mg/kg or 100 mg/kg PAME orally once a day for 14 d.Tumor growth inhibition,body weight,tumor markers,liver and kidney enzymes,oxidative stress markers,antioxidant enzymes,tumor necrosis factor-alpha level(TNF-α),and apoptosis-regulatory gene expression were evaluated.Results:Treatment of mice bearing Ehrlich solid tumors with PAME at 50 and 100 mg/kg orally significantly decreased tumor volume,body weight,tumor markers,liver and kidney enzymes,oxidative stress markers and TNF-αlevel in comparison with mice with Ehrlich solid tumors receiving normal saline.whereas PAME at 50 and 100 mg/kg/day significantly elevated the level of antioxidant enzymes(P<0.05).Conclusions:Pistacia atlantica methanolic extract has potent antitumor activity in mice.Therefore,the extract might be considered as an alternative anticancer agent against tumors,however,additional studies especially in the clinical setting are required to confirm this finding.展开更多
The bioactive triterpenoid 3-oxo-6-β-hydroxy-β-amyrin(1)has been isolated from multiple plant sources.In this study,chloroform fraction of Pistacia integerrima extract was processed for the isolation of the compound...The bioactive triterpenoid 3-oxo-6-β-hydroxy-β-amyrin(1)has been isolated from multiple plant sources.In this study,chloroform fraction of Pistacia integerrima extract was processed for the isolation of the compound.The compound identity was confirmed by advanced spectroscopy technique.X-ray crystallography was applied for molecular structure confirmation.In addition,compound 1 was screen for its activity on reversal of MDR(multidrug resistance)mediated by P-gp(P-glycoprotein).This was accomplished by using rhodamine123 exclusion on multidrug-resistant human ABCB1 gene transfected mouse T-lymphoma cell line.Outcomes revealed that MDR reversing effect was comparable to verapamil as positive control in vitro.Treatment of TPA-induced tumor promotion with 3-oxo-6β-hydroxy-β-amyrin led to reduction in the applied anti-tumor promotion experiment.The chemo-preventive effect of 3-oxo-6β-hydroxy-β-amyrin was comparable to curcumin as positive control based on the reduction of immediate early tumor antigen expression.Molecular docking by applying Autodock Vina 1 and i-GEMDOCK v 2.1 tools indicated that compound 1 gives good docking results,as determined by their fitness score and specificity.Moreover,results showed that compound 1 isolated from Pistacia integerrima precisely attached to a region where co-crystallized ligand for receptor previously existed.Our findings may explain the use of Pistacia integerrima plant extracts as an anticancer agent in folk medicine.展开更多
The genus Pistacia L. belongs to the Anacardiaceae family and includes at least eleven species. Cytogenetic studies addressing the genus Pistacia are rather few. Chromosome numbers of the different Pistacia species, r...The genus Pistacia L. belongs to the Anacardiaceae family and includes at least eleven species. Cytogenetic studies addressing the genus Pistacia are rather few. Chromosome numbers of the different Pistacia species, revealed by these studies, are questionable due to the fact that poor chromosome counting protocols were used, and these protocols are hampered by the extremely small-sized chromosomes of Pistacia species. The aim of this study was to develop a more effective method to resolve the chromosome numbers in Pistacia species using a fluorescent microscope. The method described here is modified from the Sigma Plant Protoplast Digest/Wash Solution protocol. The method used here is highly effective for karyotyping analysis and studying population genetics of Pistacia species. Moreover, it is easy and can be reproduced for other species that have smaller chromosomes. This method can be used for plant herbarium specimens or field plants. This study provides valuable chromosomal data for cytogeneticists and plant breeders who are working on this genus. It provides additional insight into understanding the taxonomic and phylogenetic relationships among Pistacia species. The chromosomes described here are also suitable for gene and genome mapping.展开更多
Only a few species of aphids induce galls. Among these, Paracletus cimiciformis, Forda marginata, Forda formicaria, Geoica utricularia and Baizongia pistaciae induce galls on Pistacia terebinthus leaflets. Prior to pr...Only a few species of aphids induce galls. Among these, Paracletus cimiciformis, Forda marginata, Forda formicaria, Geoica utricularia and Baizongia pistaciae induce galls on Pistacia terebinthus leaflets. Prior to present study the author examined microscopically P. terebinthus leaflets. He also studied the microscopic morphology of galls induced by the five species mentioned above. A clear microscopic difference between these galls is that in the wall of galls induced by the genera Paracletus and Forda a single vascular bundle is seen. The interpretation is that these galls are laminae of the modified leaflets. However, in the walls of the galls induced by the genera Geoica and Baizongia, two vascular bundles are observed. In the present paper a study of the early stages of development of galls produced by G. utricularia is described. The study was designed to explain the origin of the two vascular bundles present in the walls of these galls. The findings indicate that the aphid induces a massive development of the two vascular bundles present in the midvein of the leaflets of P. terebinthus: the main vascular bundle and the small supernumerary vascular bundle. Both these extremely developed vascular bundles occupy the walls of the galls induced by G. utricularia.展开更多
This work was conducted to assess the anatomical features of Pistacia atlantica Desf. under Mediterranean semi-arid climate conditions. In this study, phytoecological approach was used at different observation scales ...This work was conducted to assess the anatomical features of Pistacia atlantica Desf. under Mediterranean semi-arid climate conditions. In this study, phytoecological approach was used at different observation scales including the large ecological scale. 11 samples of P. atlantica species were randomly selected in order to study the anatomy of leaves and branches. The results show that leaves have palisade parenchyma occupying almost the entire mesophyll, measuring 100 to 170 μm. While in branches, the only pith occupies 38% followed by the xylem (24%), relative to the rest of the tissue (epidermis, periderm, collenchyma, pericyclic fiber, secretory duct and phloem). The current results suggest that P. atlantica species has xeromorphic anatomical characters, giving it great ecological plasticity in an arid environment. Moreover, this study shows that the human activities are causing local extinction of this rare species in Algeria.展开更多
Terpenoids are novel natural products isolated from mastic gum.Mastic gum was obtained from the Pistacia Lentiscus tree.Scientific investigations have documented medical and pharmacological properties of mastic gum su...Terpenoids are novel natural products isolated from mastic gum.Mastic gum was obtained from the Pistacia Lentiscus tree.Scientific investigations have documented medical and pharmacological properties of mastic gum such as memory enhancement,antifungal,and antibacterial activities.It was astonishing to study the possible interaction of mastic gum extract with microtubule proteins which are involved in memory and consciousness since the administration of mastic gum is evidenced in the improvement of brain functions.Since a number of studies have demonstrated the effect of microtubule dynamics on mammals'memory,in this study,we investigated the effect of Oxygenated Sesquiterpenes(OST)on microtubule polymerization in vitro.OST was purified from the ethanolic extract of mastic gum.The results revealed that OST induces microtubule polymerization;however,microtubule depolymerization was not affected and fluorometric assays showed conformational changes of tubulin in the presence of OST.We interestingly found that colchicine was unable to inhibit MT assembly in the presence of OST and OST was solely more efficient than the combination of OST with paclitaxel for elevating microtubule polymerization rate.We hope that OST could be a promising agent for memory enhancement and the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases as a novel tubulin-binding compound.展开更多
文摘Citrus and palm trees’ extracts, commercially formulated as ProAlexin PNSTM and AgrisprayTM, were studied against the pistachio psyllid, Agonoscena pistaciae, in field conditions. Generally, foliage spraying application against the pistachio psyllid may cause severe reduction on the honeybee forager population, which visits infested trees to collect honeydew. ProAlexinTM products have the same formulation with Provigoro 14 WA Bee Care?, a natural water acidifier, which not only has negative action on the honeybees, but also shows disinfectant action against Nosema spp. The scope of the present study was to determine any effect of ProAlexin products on the reduction of the population of the pistachio psyllid, Agonoscena pistaciae. Experiments were performed at the orchard of the A.U.A., with two mixtures sprayed on psyllid infested pistachio trees, the first with ProAlexin PNSTM and AgrisprayTM and the second only with AgrisprayTM. They were both applied with the addition of APG25TM non-ionic surfactant. Results showed that mortality on the trees treated with ProAlexin PNSTM + AgrisprayTM mixture and AgrisprayTM was significantly higher compared with the control. This could be explained due to the phytoalexins that these products elicit, which are part of the plant mechanism against insect herbivores. These products are potentially promising methods to be used in sustainable agriculture approaches against the pistachio psyllid and they should be tested for their effects on the biological control agents of this pest. Beyond this, the results of this study encourage to test their effects on other pests of pistachio and other tree species.
文摘As a renewable energy, biomass energy has aroused wide attention and studies of this issue have become a hot topic throughout the world. Pistacia chinensis Bunge (Anacardiaceae) is a superior species for biomass energy with high oil content in seeds and wide geographic distribution. It is a dioeciously, deciduous arbor, flowering from March to April and bearing fruits from September to November. The classification, regional distribution and biological characteristics ofP chinensis are stated in this paper, then, research advances in the growth, breeding and physiology of this species are summarized. The problems in present studies are broached. Finally, a future direction for research is proposed.
文摘Many food and plant extracts have shown in vitro antiHelicobacter pylori(H.pylori)activity,but are less effective in vivo.The anti-H.pylori effects of these extracts are mainly permeabilitization of the membrane,anti-adhesion,inhibition of bacterial enzymes andbacterial grown.We,herein,review treatment effects of cranberry,garlic,curcumin,ginger and pistacia gum against H.pylori in both in vitro,animal studies and in vivo studies.
文摘Mastic gum is derived from the tree named Pistacia lentiscus that is grown only in Island Hios of Greek.Since Mastic was first reported to kill Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori)in 1998,there has been no further study to elucidate which component of mastic specifically shows the antimicrobial activity against H.pylori.In this study,we examined which component of mastic gum was responsible for anti-H.pylori activity.We prepared the essential oil of mastic gum and identified 20 constituents by GC–MS analysis.Ten standard components were assayed for anti-H.pylori activity,and it clarified that a-terpineol and(E)-methyl isoeugenol showed the anti-H.pylori activity against four different H.pylori strains that were established from patients with gastritis,gastric ulcer and gastric cancer.These components could be useful to overcome the drug-resistance H.pylori growth in stomach.
基金supported by Shahid Chamran University of Ahwaz,Iran
文摘Although cultivation and utilization of Pistacia are fully exploited, the evolutionary history of the Pistacia genus and the relationships among the species and accessions is still not well understood. The aim of this study was to analyze random amplified polymorphic DNA(RAPD) in a total of 50 accessions of wild pistachio species, which included five populations Pistacia vera, Pistacia khinjuk,Pistacia atlantica, Pistacia mutica, and Pistacia eurycarpa.High levels of genetic diversity were detected within wild pistachio accessions, as revealed by using the unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic averaging and supported via analysis of molecular variance. The objectives of this investigation were to estimate marker indices, polymorphic information contents(PICs), and genetic similarities(GS)for RAPD markers; assess the genetic diversity of Pistacia species, using GS estimated from RAPD fingerprints and molecular characterization; and facilitate the use of markers in inter-specific introgression and cultivar improvement.Out of the 149 polymerase chain reaction fragments that were scored, 146(97.98 %) were polymorphic. Genetic similarities ranged from 0.3 to 0.86 %, marker indices ranged from 2.98 to 17.74 %, and PICs ranged from 0.80 to0.99 %. Our results provided great molecular identification of all assayed genotypes, which have shown that there is large quantity of genetic diversity among the pistachio accessions. This finding might render striking information in breeding management strategies for genetic conservation and cultivar development.
基金financially supported by the Aegean Forestry Research Institute(No.15.2110/2008-2010)zmir Regional Directorate of Forestry
文摘We assessed different rootstocks and grafting techniques to clonally propagate mastic tree (Pistacia lentiscus var. chia). Mastic tree is a dioecious tree but the quantity and quality of the resin secreted by female trees are very low; therefore, male trees that are clonally propagated are used to establish commercial plantations for mastic production. Conventional long branch cuttings for clonal production requires too much materials and has a very low rooting rate. Rooting with tissue culture and green cuttings has also failed outdoors. Grafting of mastic on other Pistacia species has not been tried so far; therefore, this study was aimed at developing grafting methods for the clonal propagation of mastic. P. atlantica and P. lentiscus rootstocks were grafted from 15 February to 15 October every 15 days using three grafting methods and a two-factor randomized block trial design. Early spring (15 February-15 March) proved to be the best time for grafting using either of the rootstocks. The highest grafting success was attained using the scions grafted on P. atlantica from 15 February to 15 March. The best bud-burst percentage was obtained using P. atlantica and P. lentiscus rootstocks.
文摘Wild pistachio tree (Pistacia mutica) is considered the most important species in the Zagros forests. It can adapt to unfavorable environmental conditions. To find the suitable ecological conditions for pistachio species, we investigated different environmental factors such as gradient, aspect and position of the slopes through the distribution area. Frequency of pistachio trees in the north and northwest of Qalajeh forests was 36.4% and 1%, respectively. Maximum (32%) and minimum (13%) number of wild pistachio trees were in 30%--60% and 〉120% slope classes, respectively. The most number and least number of pistachio trees were found at elevations of 1100-1200 m and 2200-2300 m, respectively. The percentage of pistachio canopy coverage was 10. The average percentage of herbaceous coverage was 6.5. Pistachio trees of diameter per hectare at breast height (DBH) 〉20 cm numbered 5 while average number of pistachio trees was 8 per hectare. Pistachio seedlings per hectare averaged 3.5. The number of other species per ha was 7 trees. The effect of aspect on other species was not significant (p=0.151). Slope class and geographical aspect did not affect regeneration (p=0.275 and p=0.111, respectively). Pistachio plays an important economic role in semi-arid areas, therefore it is essential to protect and restore Qalajeh forests through participation by government and local people.
文摘Pistacia is an economically important genus because it contains the pistachio crop, P. vera, which has edible seeds of considerable commercial importance whose value has increased over the last two decades reaching an annual value of about $2 billion (harvested crop). The taxonomic relationships among its species are controversial and not well under- stood due to the fact that they have no genetic barriers. The taxonomy of this genus is revised in detail through our re- search. It includes the following taxa: Pistacia atlantica Desf., P. chinensis Bunge subsp. chinensis, P. chinensis subsp. falcata (Bess. ex Martinelli) Rech. f., P. chinensis subsp. integerrima (J.L. Stew. ex Brandis) Rech. f., P. eurycarpa Yalt., P. khinjuk Stocks, P. lentiscus L. subsp. lentiscus, P. lentiscus subsp. emarginata (Engl.) AL-Saghir, P. mexicana Humb., Bonpl., & Kunth, P. X saportae Burnat, P. terebinthus L., P. vera L., and P. weinmannifolia Poiss. ex Franch. The genus is divided into two sections: section Pistacia and section Lentiscella. A key to the 14 taxa that have been recognized by this study is included. The new combination P. lentiscus subsp. emarginata (Engl.) AL-Saghir is made, and the names P. chinensis subsp. integerrima (J. L. Stew. ex Brandis) Rech. F., P. terebinthus L., and P. vera L. are lectotypified.
文摘Two new gallotannins, pistafolins A (1) and B (2), were isolated from the leaf extract of Pistacia weinmannifolia. Their structures were determined by spectral methods.
文摘Objective:To assess the anti-tumor effects of Pistacia atlantica methanolic extract(PAME)compared with cyclophosphamide against Ehrlich solid tumors in mice.Methods:Swiss albino mice(n=40)were divided into five groups:normal control mice,mice with Ehrlich solid tumors treated with normal saline,mice with Ehrlich solid tumors treated with cyclophosphamide intraperitoneally once a day for 14 d,or 50mg/kg or 100 mg/kg PAME orally once a day for 14 d.Tumor growth inhibition,body weight,tumor markers,liver and kidney enzymes,oxidative stress markers,antioxidant enzymes,tumor necrosis factor-alpha level(TNF-α),and apoptosis-regulatory gene expression were evaluated.Results:Treatment of mice bearing Ehrlich solid tumors with PAME at 50 and 100 mg/kg orally significantly decreased tumor volume,body weight,tumor markers,liver and kidney enzymes,oxidative stress markers and TNF-αlevel in comparison with mice with Ehrlich solid tumors receiving normal saline.whereas PAME at 50 and 100 mg/kg/day significantly elevated the level of antioxidant enzymes(P<0.05).Conclusions:Pistacia atlantica methanolic extract has potent antitumor activity in mice.Therefore,the extract might be considered as an alternative anticancer agent against tumors,however,additional studies especially in the clinical setting are required to confirm this finding.
基金funded by Higher Education commission,Pakistan(HEC)(Grant No.NRPU649).
文摘The bioactive triterpenoid 3-oxo-6-β-hydroxy-β-amyrin(1)has been isolated from multiple plant sources.In this study,chloroform fraction of Pistacia integerrima extract was processed for the isolation of the compound.The compound identity was confirmed by advanced spectroscopy technique.X-ray crystallography was applied for molecular structure confirmation.In addition,compound 1 was screen for its activity on reversal of MDR(multidrug resistance)mediated by P-gp(P-glycoprotein).This was accomplished by using rhodamine123 exclusion on multidrug-resistant human ABCB1 gene transfected mouse T-lymphoma cell line.Outcomes revealed that MDR reversing effect was comparable to verapamil as positive control in vitro.Treatment of TPA-induced tumor promotion with 3-oxo-6β-hydroxy-β-amyrin led to reduction in the applied anti-tumor promotion experiment.The chemo-preventive effect of 3-oxo-6β-hydroxy-β-amyrin was comparable to curcumin as positive control based on the reduction of immediate early tumor antigen expression.Molecular docking by applying Autodock Vina 1 and i-GEMDOCK v 2.1 tools indicated that compound 1 gives good docking results,as determined by their fitness score and specificity.Moreover,results showed that compound 1 isolated from Pistacia integerrima precisely attached to a region where co-crystallized ligand for receptor previously existed.Our findings may explain the use of Pistacia integerrima plant extracts as an anticancer agent in folk medicine.
文摘The genus Pistacia L. belongs to the Anacardiaceae family and includes at least eleven species. Cytogenetic studies addressing the genus Pistacia are rather few. Chromosome numbers of the different Pistacia species, revealed by these studies, are questionable due to the fact that poor chromosome counting protocols were used, and these protocols are hampered by the extremely small-sized chromosomes of Pistacia species. The aim of this study was to develop a more effective method to resolve the chromosome numbers in Pistacia species using a fluorescent microscope. The method described here is modified from the Sigma Plant Protoplast Digest/Wash Solution protocol. The method used here is highly effective for karyotyping analysis and studying population genetics of Pistacia species. Moreover, it is easy and can be reproduced for other species that have smaller chromosomes. This method can be used for plant herbarium specimens or field plants. This study provides valuable chromosomal data for cytogeneticists and plant breeders who are working on this genus. It provides additional insight into understanding the taxonomic and phylogenetic relationships among Pistacia species. The chromosomes described here are also suitable for gene and genome mapping.
文摘Only a few species of aphids induce galls. Among these, Paracletus cimiciformis, Forda marginata, Forda formicaria, Geoica utricularia and Baizongia pistaciae induce galls on Pistacia terebinthus leaflets. Prior to present study the author examined microscopically P. terebinthus leaflets. He also studied the microscopic morphology of galls induced by the five species mentioned above. A clear microscopic difference between these galls is that in the wall of galls induced by the genera Paracletus and Forda a single vascular bundle is seen. The interpretation is that these galls are laminae of the modified leaflets. However, in the walls of the galls induced by the genera Geoica and Baizongia, two vascular bundles are observed. In the present paper a study of the early stages of development of galls produced by G. utricularia is described. The study was designed to explain the origin of the two vascular bundles present in the walls of these galls. The findings indicate that the aphid induces a massive development of the two vascular bundles present in the midvein of the leaflets of P. terebinthus: the main vascular bundle and the small supernumerary vascular bundle. Both these extremely developed vascular bundles occupy the walls of the galls induced by G. utricularia.
文摘This work was conducted to assess the anatomical features of Pistacia atlantica Desf. under Mediterranean semi-arid climate conditions. In this study, phytoecological approach was used at different observation scales including the large ecological scale. 11 samples of P. atlantica species were randomly selected in order to study the anatomy of leaves and branches. The results show that leaves have palisade parenchyma occupying almost the entire mesophyll, measuring 100 to 170 μm. While in branches, the only pith occupies 38% followed by the xylem (24%), relative to the rest of the tissue (epidermis, periderm, collenchyma, pericyclic fiber, secretory duct and phloem). The current results suggest that P. atlantica species has xeromorphic anatomical characters, giving it great ecological plasticity in an arid environment. Moreover, this study shows that the human activities are causing local extinction of this rare species in Algeria.
文摘Terpenoids are novel natural products isolated from mastic gum.Mastic gum was obtained from the Pistacia Lentiscus tree.Scientific investigations have documented medical and pharmacological properties of mastic gum such as memory enhancement,antifungal,and antibacterial activities.It was astonishing to study the possible interaction of mastic gum extract with microtubule proteins which are involved in memory and consciousness since the administration of mastic gum is evidenced in the improvement of brain functions.Since a number of studies have demonstrated the effect of microtubule dynamics on mammals'memory,in this study,we investigated the effect of Oxygenated Sesquiterpenes(OST)on microtubule polymerization in vitro.OST was purified from the ethanolic extract of mastic gum.The results revealed that OST induces microtubule polymerization;however,microtubule depolymerization was not affected and fluorometric assays showed conformational changes of tubulin in the presence of OST.We interestingly found that colchicine was unable to inhibit MT assembly in the presence of OST and OST was solely more efficient than the combination of OST with paclitaxel for elevating microtubule polymerization rate.We hope that OST could be a promising agent for memory enhancement and the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases as a novel tubulin-binding compound.