The operative management of giant pituitary adenomas represents a significant challenge for neurosurgeons. This challenge is amplified by the degree of local tumour infiltration into adjacent structures such as the ca...The operative management of giant pituitary adenomas represents a significant challenge for neurosurgeons. This challenge is amplified by the degree of local tumour infiltration into adjacent structures such as the cavernous sinus. The degree of parasellar tumour extension can be classified according to the Knosp grading system’ while suprasellar extension is qualified in accordance with the Modified Hardys classification system. We report a 59 year male with a Knosp grade 4, Hardys C giant pituitary adenoma in which two-stage near total surgical resection via an expanded endoscopic transphenoidal approach and subsequent bifrontal craniotomy was achieved. Typically, resection rates of less than 50% have been reported following surgery on giant pituitary adenomas. Traditionally multi-modal treatment strategies with adjuvant stereotactic radiotherapy or radio surgery, has been the gold standard in the management of these locally aggressive tumours. This case serves to illustrate that even in the presence of significant suprasellar and parasellar extension, radical resection of giant pituitary adenomas can be achieved.展开更多
Airway management in the patients who receive transmaxillary approach for resection of giant pituitary tumor presents a clinical challenge to the anesthesiologists. Oral or nasal route for tracheal intubation can inte...Airway management in the patients who receive transmaxillary approach for resection of giant pituitary tumor presents a clinical challenge to the anesthesiologists. Oral or nasal route for tracheal intubation can interfere with surgical procedures. This report describes submental tracheal intubation for airway management in a patient who underwent resection of recurrent giant pituitary tumor via transmaxillary approach. Submental tracheal intubation is an adaptable and safe alternative technology for airway management during operation.展开更多
We report a rare case of intratumoral hemorrhage during postoperative radiotherapy for pituitary adenoma. A 57-year-old Asian male, complaining of long-standing eye strain, underwent a medical checkup of the brain. Ma...We report a rare case of intratumoral hemorrhage during postoperative radiotherapy for pituitary adenoma. A 57-year-old Asian male, complaining of long-standing eye strain, underwent a medical checkup of the brain. Magnetic resonance imaging showed a multicystic giant pituitary adenoma. The patient underwent an endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal partial removal of the adenoma to provide optic pathway decompression and got relief from the visual symptoms. Just before completion of the postoperative radiotherapy for residual adenoma, the patient developed right hemiparesis, mild motor aphasia, and right oculomotor palsy. A cranial CT scan showed intratumoral hemorrhage into the intratumoral cyst. The patient therefore had to undergo three additional craniotomies for evacuation of cyst contents over the next 8 months. The follow-up MRI at 11 months after the initial hemorrhage showed that the new oozing of blood in the intratumoral cyst was still appearing. Intratumoral hemorrhage is a rare, albeit life-threatening, complication of pituitary adenoma. We reviewed relevant literature and suggested that the cystic component in pituitary adenoma could be a key pathogenesis of this rare complication. In conclusion, we suggest that it may be necessary to realize that cases which have cystic giant pituitary adenoma may cause hemorrhage by chance with the foreseeability.展开更多
To retrospectively review clinical data of 32 giant pituitary adenomas and discuss the management of giant pituitary adenomas.Methods Among the 32 patients,17 cases were male and 15 were female.Mean age was 46.7 years...To retrospectively review clinical data of 32 giant pituitary adenomas and discuss the management of giant pituitary adenomas.Methods Among the 32 patients,17 cases were male and 15 were female.Mean age was 46.7 years old and mean history was 4.7 years.Tumor size was between 4 cm to 8 cm.Among them,one case was somatotrophic adenoma,6 were prolactinoma,and 25 were non-function adenomas.Twenty-four cases had transsphenoidal surgery,1 had trans-subfrontal craniotomy,6 had both transsphenoidal surgery and craniotomy,1 had only drug therapy.Results Under microscope,20 cases had total removal of tumor,9 had subtotal removal of tumor,and 2 had part removal of tumor.After surgery,10 cases had radiotherapy,and 5 had drug therapy.Postoperative follow-up were 6 months to 4 years.MRI showed 15 cases had total removal of tumor,14 had subtotal removal of tumor,and 2 had part removal of tumor.No case recurred.Conclusion In giant pituitary adenomas,the operative apporach should be decided according to the clinical manifestation,endocrinological results and growth characters of tumor.Transsphenoidal surgery is the first line therapy in most giant pituitary adenomas.Radiotherapy and drug therapy should be used in some invasive tumors.8 refs.展开更多
Hemangiomas are the most frequent benign tumors of the liver. Most hemangiomas are asymptomatic and therefore largely diagnosed only in routine screening tests. Usually they are small and require no specific treatment...Hemangiomas are the most frequent benign tumors of the liver. Most hemangiomas are asymptomatic and therefore largely diagnosed only in routine screening tests. Usually they are small and require no specific treatment. In some situations they can reach great dimensions, causing some discomfort to the patient. Resection of liver hemangioma is indicated in cases of great dimension tumors causing symptoms such as pain, nausea or bloating caused by compression of adjacent organs. We report a case of a rare giant hemangioma with rapid growth in short time:a 50 year old female reported to our institution with a 40 cm giant liver hemangioma and then underwent a left hepatectomy.展开更多
BACKGROUND Giant cell tumor(GCT)of the anterior rib origin is extremely rare.We report the first case of trauma-induced GCT of the rib.CASE SUMMARY A 22-year-old female developed a mass over the right anterior chest w...BACKGROUND Giant cell tumor(GCT)of the anterior rib origin is extremely rare.We report the first case of trauma-induced GCT of the rib.CASE SUMMARY A 22-year-old female developed a mass over the right anterior chest wall with pain 3 mo after a falling injury with blunt trauma of the right chest wall.Chest computed tomography(CT)showed a tumor originating from the right 6th rib with bony destruction,and a CT-guided needle biopsy revealed a GCT.We completely resected the tumor with chest wall and performed reconstruction.The pathological diagnosis was GCT of the bone.Twelve months after surgery,no signs of recurrence were observed.CONCLUSION GCT of the rib after trauma has not been reported.Meticulous history-taking and image evaluation are essential for the differential diagnosis of unusual chest wall tumors.展开更多
BACKGROUND Neuroendocrine tumors(NET)are rare heterogeneous tumors that arise from neuroendocrine cells throughout the body.Acromegaly,a rare and slowly progressive disorder,usually results from a growth hormone(GH)-s...BACKGROUND Neuroendocrine tumors(NET)are rare heterogeneous tumors that arise from neuroendocrine cells throughout the body.Acromegaly,a rare and slowly progressive disorder,usually results from a growth hormone(GH)-secreting pituitary adenoma.CASE SUMMARY We herein describe a 38-year-old patient who was initially diagnosed with diabetes.During colonoscopy,two bulges were identified and subsequently removed through endoscopic submucosal dissection.Following the surgical intervention,the excised tissue samples were examined and confirmed to be grade 2 NET.^(18)F-ALF-NOTATATE positron emission tomography-computed tomography(PET/CT)and 68Ga-DOTANOC PET/CT revealed metastases in the peri-intestinal lymph nodes,prompting laparoscopic low anterior resection with total mesorectal excision.The patient later returned to the hospital because of hyperglycemia and was found to have facial changes,namely a larger nose,thicker lips,and mandibular prognathism.Laboratory tests and magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)suggested a GH-secreting pituitary adenoma.The pituitary adenoma shrunk after treatment with octreotide and was neuroendoscopically resected via a trans-sphenoidal approach.Whole-exome sequencing analysis revealed no genetic abnormalities.The patient recovered well with no evidence of recurrence during follow-up.CONCLUSION ^(18)F-ALF-NOTATE PET/CT and MRI with pathological analysis can effectively diagnose rare cases of pituitary adenomas complicated with rectal NET.展开更多
化疗是肿瘤治疗的常用手段,在肿瘤治疗前期具有积极作用,但随着化疗疗程的增加,肿瘤细胞对化疗药物的敏感性逐步减弱,从而产生化疗耐药性。肿瘤耐药是多因素介导的复杂过程,目前认为其与肿瘤细胞干性、异质性、肿瘤免疫微环境和化疗药...化疗是肿瘤治疗的常用手段,在肿瘤治疗前期具有积极作用,但随着化疗疗程的增加,肿瘤细胞对化疗药物的敏感性逐步减弱,从而产生化疗耐药性。肿瘤耐药是多因素介导的复杂过程,目前认为其与肿瘤细胞干性、异质性、肿瘤免疫微环境和化疗药物转运与外排增加等有关,但具体的机制尚不清楚。多倍体肿瘤巨细胞(polyploid giant cancer cell,PGCC)是一类体积增大、胞核丰富的特殊肿瘤细胞亚群。研究发现PGCC普遍存在于结直肠癌、乳腺癌、卵巢癌等多种肿瘤中,与肿瘤的发生、转移、耐药和复发有着密切联系。阐述PGCC在肿瘤中的形成及意义,并从PGCC所具有的特殊机制、自噬、衰老和DNA修复等角度阐述PGCC引起耐药发生的可能机制,从而为改善肿瘤耐药提供可能策略。展开更多
BACKGROUND Pituitary metastasis is an uncommon manifestation of systemic malignant tumors.Moreover,hyperprolactinemia and overall hypopituitarism caused by metastatic spread leading to the initial symptoms are rare.CA...BACKGROUND Pituitary metastasis is an uncommon manifestation of systemic malignant tumors.Moreover,hyperprolactinemia and overall hypopituitarism caused by metastatic spread leading to the initial symptoms are rare.CASE SUMMARY A 53-year-old male patient was admitted to our hospital with complaints of bilateral blurred vision,dizziness,polyuria,nocturia,severe fatigue and somnolence,decreased libido,and intermittent nausea and vomiting for more than 6 mo.During the last 7 d,the dizziness had worsened.Laboratory investigations revealed overall hypofunction of the pituitary gland,but the patient had an elevated serum prolactin level(703.35 mg/mL).Preoperative magnetic resonance imaging revealed a tumor in the sellar region,accompanied by intratumoral hemorrhage and calcification.Thus,transnasal subtotal resection of the lesion in the sellar region was performed.The histopathological and immunohistochemical examinations of the resected lesion revealed metastasis of lung adenocarcinoma to the pituitary gland.Oral hydrocortisone(30 mg/d)and levothyroxine(25 mg/d)were given both pre-and postoperatively.Postoperatively,the clinical symptoms were significantly improved.However,4 mo following the surgery,the patient succumbed due to multiple organ failure.CONCLUSION Hyperprolactinemia is one of the markers of poor prognosis in patients with carcinoma that metastasizes to the pituitary gland.Exogenous hormone supplementation plays a positive role in relieving the symptoms of patients and improving quality of life.展开更多
文摘The operative management of giant pituitary adenomas represents a significant challenge for neurosurgeons. This challenge is amplified by the degree of local tumour infiltration into adjacent structures such as the cavernous sinus. The degree of parasellar tumour extension can be classified according to the Knosp grading system’ while suprasellar extension is qualified in accordance with the Modified Hardys classification system. We report a 59 year male with a Knosp grade 4, Hardys C giant pituitary adenoma in which two-stage near total surgical resection via an expanded endoscopic transphenoidal approach and subsequent bifrontal craniotomy was achieved. Typically, resection rates of less than 50% have been reported following surgery on giant pituitary adenomas. Traditionally multi-modal treatment strategies with adjuvant stereotactic radiotherapy or radio surgery, has been the gold standard in the management of these locally aggressive tumours. This case serves to illustrate that even in the presence of significant suprasellar and parasellar extension, radical resection of giant pituitary adenomas can be achieved.
文摘Airway management in the patients who receive transmaxillary approach for resection of giant pituitary tumor presents a clinical challenge to the anesthesiologists. Oral or nasal route for tracheal intubation can interfere with surgical procedures. This report describes submental tracheal intubation for airway management in a patient who underwent resection of recurrent giant pituitary tumor via transmaxillary approach. Submental tracheal intubation is an adaptable and safe alternative technology for airway management during operation.
文摘We report a rare case of intratumoral hemorrhage during postoperative radiotherapy for pituitary adenoma. A 57-year-old Asian male, complaining of long-standing eye strain, underwent a medical checkup of the brain. Magnetic resonance imaging showed a multicystic giant pituitary adenoma. The patient underwent an endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal partial removal of the adenoma to provide optic pathway decompression and got relief from the visual symptoms. Just before completion of the postoperative radiotherapy for residual adenoma, the patient developed right hemiparesis, mild motor aphasia, and right oculomotor palsy. A cranial CT scan showed intratumoral hemorrhage into the intratumoral cyst. The patient therefore had to undergo three additional craniotomies for evacuation of cyst contents over the next 8 months. The follow-up MRI at 11 months after the initial hemorrhage showed that the new oozing of blood in the intratumoral cyst was still appearing. Intratumoral hemorrhage is a rare, albeit life-threatening, complication of pituitary adenoma. We reviewed relevant literature and suggested that the cystic component in pituitary adenoma could be a key pathogenesis of this rare complication. In conclusion, we suggest that it may be necessary to realize that cases which have cystic giant pituitary adenoma may cause hemorrhage by chance with the foreseeability.
文摘To retrospectively review clinical data of 32 giant pituitary adenomas and discuss the management of giant pituitary adenomas.Methods Among the 32 patients,17 cases were male and 15 were female.Mean age was 46.7 years old and mean history was 4.7 years.Tumor size was between 4 cm to 8 cm.Among them,one case was somatotrophic adenoma,6 were prolactinoma,and 25 were non-function adenomas.Twenty-four cases had transsphenoidal surgery,1 had trans-subfrontal craniotomy,6 had both transsphenoidal surgery and craniotomy,1 had only drug therapy.Results Under microscope,20 cases had total removal of tumor,9 had subtotal removal of tumor,and 2 had part removal of tumor.After surgery,10 cases had radiotherapy,and 5 had drug therapy.Postoperative follow-up were 6 months to 4 years.MRI showed 15 cases had total removal of tumor,14 had subtotal removal of tumor,and 2 had part removal of tumor.No case recurred.Conclusion In giant pituitary adenomas,the operative apporach should be decided according to the clinical manifestation,endocrinological results and growth characters of tumor.Transsphenoidal surgery is the first line therapy in most giant pituitary adenomas.Radiotherapy and drug therapy should be used in some invasive tumors.8 refs.
文摘Hemangiomas are the most frequent benign tumors of the liver. Most hemangiomas are asymptomatic and therefore largely diagnosed only in routine screening tests. Usually they are small and require no specific treatment. In some situations they can reach great dimensions, causing some discomfort to the patient. Resection of liver hemangioma is indicated in cases of great dimension tumors causing symptoms such as pain, nausea or bloating caused by compression of adjacent organs. We report a case of a rare giant hemangioma with rapid growth in short time:a 50 year old female reported to our institution with a 40 cm giant liver hemangioma and then underwent a left hepatectomy.
文摘BACKGROUND Giant cell tumor(GCT)of the anterior rib origin is extremely rare.We report the first case of trauma-induced GCT of the rib.CASE SUMMARY A 22-year-old female developed a mass over the right anterior chest wall with pain 3 mo after a falling injury with blunt trauma of the right chest wall.Chest computed tomography(CT)showed a tumor originating from the right 6th rib with bony destruction,and a CT-guided needle biopsy revealed a GCT.We completely resected the tumor with chest wall and performed reconstruction.The pathological diagnosis was GCT of the bone.Twelve months after surgery,no signs of recurrence were observed.CONCLUSION GCT of the rib after trauma has not been reported.Meticulous history-taking and image evaluation are essential for the differential diagnosis of unusual chest wall tumors.
文摘BACKGROUND Neuroendocrine tumors(NET)are rare heterogeneous tumors that arise from neuroendocrine cells throughout the body.Acromegaly,a rare and slowly progressive disorder,usually results from a growth hormone(GH)-secreting pituitary adenoma.CASE SUMMARY We herein describe a 38-year-old patient who was initially diagnosed with diabetes.During colonoscopy,two bulges were identified and subsequently removed through endoscopic submucosal dissection.Following the surgical intervention,the excised tissue samples were examined and confirmed to be grade 2 NET.^(18)F-ALF-NOTATATE positron emission tomography-computed tomography(PET/CT)and 68Ga-DOTANOC PET/CT revealed metastases in the peri-intestinal lymph nodes,prompting laparoscopic low anterior resection with total mesorectal excision.The patient later returned to the hospital because of hyperglycemia and was found to have facial changes,namely a larger nose,thicker lips,and mandibular prognathism.Laboratory tests and magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)suggested a GH-secreting pituitary adenoma.The pituitary adenoma shrunk after treatment with octreotide and was neuroendoscopically resected via a trans-sphenoidal approach.Whole-exome sequencing analysis revealed no genetic abnormalities.The patient recovered well with no evidence of recurrence during follow-up.CONCLUSION ^(18)F-ALF-NOTATE PET/CT and MRI with pathological analysis can effectively diagnose rare cases of pituitary adenomas complicated with rectal NET.
文摘化疗是肿瘤治疗的常用手段,在肿瘤治疗前期具有积极作用,但随着化疗疗程的增加,肿瘤细胞对化疗药物的敏感性逐步减弱,从而产生化疗耐药性。肿瘤耐药是多因素介导的复杂过程,目前认为其与肿瘤细胞干性、异质性、肿瘤免疫微环境和化疗药物转运与外排增加等有关,但具体的机制尚不清楚。多倍体肿瘤巨细胞(polyploid giant cancer cell,PGCC)是一类体积增大、胞核丰富的特殊肿瘤细胞亚群。研究发现PGCC普遍存在于结直肠癌、乳腺癌、卵巢癌等多种肿瘤中,与肿瘤的发生、转移、耐药和复发有着密切联系。阐述PGCC在肿瘤中的形成及意义,并从PGCC所具有的特殊机制、自噬、衰老和DNA修复等角度阐述PGCC引起耐药发生的可能机制,从而为改善肿瘤耐药提供可能策略。
文摘BACKGROUND Pituitary metastasis is an uncommon manifestation of systemic malignant tumors.Moreover,hyperprolactinemia and overall hypopituitarism caused by metastatic spread leading to the initial symptoms are rare.CASE SUMMARY A 53-year-old male patient was admitted to our hospital with complaints of bilateral blurred vision,dizziness,polyuria,nocturia,severe fatigue and somnolence,decreased libido,and intermittent nausea and vomiting for more than 6 mo.During the last 7 d,the dizziness had worsened.Laboratory investigations revealed overall hypofunction of the pituitary gland,but the patient had an elevated serum prolactin level(703.35 mg/mL).Preoperative magnetic resonance imaging revealed a tumor in the sellar region,accompanied by intratumoral hemorrhage and calcification.Thus,transnasal subtotal resection of the lesion in the sellar region was performed.The histopathological and immunohistochemical examinations of the resected lesion revealed metastasis of lung adenocarcinoma to the pituitary gland.Oral hydrocortisone(30 mg/d)and levothyroxine(25 mg/d)were given both pre-and postoperatively.Postoperatively,the clinical symptoms were significantly improved.However,4 mo following the surgery,the patient succumbed due to multiple organ failure.CONCLUSION Hyperprolactinemia is one of the markers of poor prognosis in patients with carcinoma that metastasizes to the pituitary gland.Exogenous hormone supplementation plays a positive role in relieving the symptoms of patients and improving quality of life.
