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Effect of multiple coulomb scattering on the beam tests of silicon pixel detectors
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作者 Lan-Kun Li Ming-Yi Dong +2 位作者 Ze Gao Liang-Cheng-Long Jin Shu-Jun Zhao 《Nuclear Science and Techniques》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2024年第4期200-207,共8页
In the research and development of new silicon pixel detectors,a collimated monoenergetic charged-particle test beam equipped with a high-resolution pixel-beam telescope is crucial for prototype verification and perfo... In the research and development of new silicon pixel detectors,a collimated monoenergetic charged-particle test beam equipped with a high-resolution pixel-beam telescope is crucial for prototype verification and performance evaluation.When the beam energy is low,the effect of multiple Coulomb scattering on the measured resolution of the Device Under Test(DUT)must be considered to accurately evaluate the performance of the pixel chips and detectors.This study aimed to investigate the effect of multiple Coulomb scattering on the measured resolution,particularly at low beam energies.Simulations were conducted using Allpix^(2) to study the effects of multiple Coulomb scattering under different beam energies,material budgets,and telescope layouts.The simulations also provided the minimum energy at which the effect of multiple Coulomb scattering could be ignored.Compared with the results of a five-layer detector system tested with an electron beam at DESY,the simulation results were consistent with the beam test results,confirming the reliability of the simulations. 展开更多
关键词 Silicon pixel detectors Beam Telescope Multiple Coulomb Scattering Spatial Resolution
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Hi'CT:a pixel sensor-based device for ion tomography 被引量:3
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作者 Yi-Lun Chen Hong-Kai Wang +2 位作者 Shi-Yu Zhang Hai-Bo Yang Cheng-Xin Zhao 《Nuclear Science and Techniques》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2023年第7期231-241,共11页
Carbon ions,commonly referred to as particle therapy,have become increasingly popular in the last decade.Accurately predicting the range of ions in tissues is important for the precise delivery of doses in heavy-ion r... Carbon ions,commonly referred to as particle therapy,have become increasingly popular in the last decade.Accurately predicting the range of ions in tissues is important for the precise delivery of doses in heavy-ion radiotherapy.Range uncertainty is currently the largest contributor to dose uncertainty in normal tissues,leading to the use of safety margins in treatment planning.One potential method is the direct relative stopping measurement(RSP)with ions.Heavy-ion CT(Hi′CT),a compact segmented full digital tomography detector using monolithic active pixel sensors,was designed and evaluated using a 430 MeV/u high-energy carbon ion pencil beam in Geant4.The precise position of the individual carbon ion track can be recorded and reconstructed using a 30μm×30μm small pixel pitch size.Two types of customized image reconstruction algorithms were developed,and their performances were evaluated using three different modules of CAT-PHAN 600-series phantoms.The RSP measurement accuracy of the tracking algorithm for different types of materials in the CTP404 module was less than 1%.In terms of spatial resolution,the tracking algorithm could achieve a 20%modulation transfer function normalization value of CTP528 imaging results at 5 lp/cm,which is significantly better than that of the fast imaging algorithm(3 lp/cm).The density resolution obtained using the tracking algorithm of the customized CTP515 was approximately 10.5%.In conclusion,a compact digital Hi'CT system was designed,and its nominal performance was evaluated in a simulation.The RSP resolution and image quality provide potential feasibility for scanning most parts of an adult body or pediatric patient,particularly for head and neck tumor treatment. 展开更多
关键词 Heavy-ion imaging Computed tomography Silicon pixel detectors Monte Carlo Phantoms RADIOTHERAPY IMAGE-GUIDED Tracking
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Electronics system for the cosmic X-ray polarization detector 被引量:2
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作者 Hui Wang Dong Wang +13 位作者 Ran Chen Yan-Wei Kui Hong-Bang Liu Zong-Wang Fan Huan-Bo Feng Jin Li Jun Liu Qian Liu Shi Chen Yuan-Kang Yang Zhuo Zhou Zi-Li Li Shi-Qiang Zhou Ni Fang 《Nuclear Science and Techniques》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2023年第5期1-12,共12页
This study presents an electronics system for cosmic X-ray polarization detection(CXPD).The CXPD was designed as a high-sensitivity soft X-ray polarimeter with a measurement energy range of 2-10 keV carried by a CubeS... This study presents an electronics system for cosmic X-ray polarization detection(CXPD).The CXPD was designed as a high-sensitivity soft X-ray polarimeter with a measurement energy range of 2-10 keV carried by a CubeSat.A stable and functionally complete electronics system under power and space constraints is a key challenge.The complete CXPD electronics system(CXPDES)comprises hardware and firmware.CXPDES adopts a three-layer electronic board structure based on functionality and available space.Two gas pixel detectors(GPDs)were placed on the top layer board,and CXPDES provided the GPDs with voltages up to-4000 V.Each GPD signal was digitized,compressed,encoded,and stored before being transmitted to the ground.The CXPDES provided stable and high-speed communication based on a scheme that separated command and data transmission,and it supports the CXPDES in-orbit upgrade.In addition,environmental monitors,silicon photomultiplier(SiPM)triggers,power management,GPDs configuration,and mode switches were included in the overall operating logic of the CXPDES.The results obtained by testing the CXPDES showed that it satisfied all the requirements of CXPD.The CXPDES provides design experience and technological readiness for future large-area X-ray polarimetry missions. 展开更多
关键词 X-ray polarimeter ELECTRONICS CUBESAT Gas pixel detector FPGA
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FPGA-based 10G/40G Ethernet Firmware for Pixel Detector in SHINE 被引量:1
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作者 Yanke Cai Jie Zhang +4 位作者 Hangxu Li Nian Yu Changge Zi Cong He Xiaoshan Jiang 《Radiation Detection Technology and Methods》 CSCD 2021年第3期434-439,共6页
Background Shanghai HIgh repetition rate XFEL aNd Extreme light facility(SHINE)is a free electron laser facility,which will provide research methods such as high-resolution imaging for many disciplines.The pixel detec... Background Shanghai HIgh repetition rate XFEL aNd Extreme light facility(SHINE)is a free electron laser facility,which will provide research methods such as high-resolution imaging for many disciplines.The pixel detector,which is in the pre-research stage,is one of most important components of the facility.Purpose The current target data rate of the pixel detector in SHINE is about 100 GB/s.Considering the high data rate,the 10G/40G Ethernet firmware for pixel detector in SHINE was developed on field programmable gate array(FPGA),which will lead to more integrated electronic design and make the system smaller.Methods The firmware converts the media independent interfaces(MII)of 10G and 40G Ethernet to each other and uses a polling method to process data from four 10G Ethernet channels.Based on the above methods,the firmware can merge four 10G Ethernet channels into one 40G Ethernet channel.Results and Conclusion The firmware successfully transmits data between the data source and the server.The bandwidth of the firmware is 36.66 Gbps when the computer equipped with 10G network interface controller(NIC)is set as the data source.Through joint test with the 1G/10G hub and SiTCP,the bandwidth of firmware is 36.3 Gbps.And 40 SiTCP nodes whose system clock frequency can exceed 125 MHz can be used as the data source of the firmware,which will provide a variety of technical solutions for pixel detector. 展开更多
关键词 FPGA 40G Ethernet pixel detector SHINE
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Test of a fine pitch SOI pixel detector with laser beam
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作者 刘义 卢云鹏 +1 位作者 鞠旭东 欧阳群 《Chinese Physics C》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2016年第1期98-102,共5页
A silicon pixel detector with fine pitch size of 19 μm × 19 μm, developed based on SOI (silicon-on- insulator) technology, was tested under the illumination of infrared laser pulses. As an alternative method ... A silicon pixel detector with fine pitch size of 19 μm × 19 μm, developed based on SOI (silicon-on- insulator) technology, was tested under the illumination of infrared laser pulses. As an alternative method for particle beam tests, the laser pulses were tuned to very short duration and small transverse profile to sinmlate the tracks of MIPs (minimum ionization particles) in silicon. Hit cluster sizes were measured with focused laser pulses propagating through the SOI detector perpendicular to its surface and most of the induced charge was found to be collected inside the seed pixel. For the first time, the signal amplitude as a function of the applied bias voltage was measured for this SOI detector, deepening understanding of its depletion characteristics. 展开更多
关键词 silicon pixel detector SOI infrared laser
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Performance evaluation of an SOI pixel sensor with in-pixel binary counters
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作者 Longlong Song Yunpeng Lu +6 位作者 Ryo Hashimoto Ryutaro Nishimura Shunji Kishimoto Yang Zhou Zhigang Wu Yasuo Arai Qun Ouyang 《Radiation Detection Technology and Methods》 2018年第1期80-86,共7页
Introduction Pixel detectors fabricated with the silicon-on-insulator(SOI)technology suffered from the digital pickup,due to the capacitive coupling between the sensing electrode and the in-pixel circuit.In order to t... Introduction Pixel detectors fabricated with the silicon-on-insulator(SOI)technology suffered from the digital pickup,due to the capacitive coupling between the sensing electrode and the in-pixel circuit.In order to tackle this issue,an advanced process called double SOI has been developed.A prototype chip CPIXTEG3b adopting this new process was designed and characterized.While optimization concerning the double-SOI design and testing of the single pixel were already presented in a separate publication,this paper focuses on its noise performance of the full matrix and X-ray detection utilizing a synchrotron photon beam.Methods Equivalent noise charge(ENC)of the full pixel matrix was measured with electrical pulse tests.The threshold dispersion was minimized by the DAC tuning in each individual pixel.As a photon-counting X-ray imager,noise count accumulated up to 1 h was measured.Detection efficiency was measured with a micro-focused beam as well as a flat field generated by the X-ray scattering on a glassy carbon at the KEK PF beam line 14A.Results The typical ENC is 52 e−and the sigma of threshold dispersion is 10 e−over the full matrix.A merit of“zero”noise count is also demonstrated,which is consistent with the low ENC.The prototype chip has been tested with microbeam and used to measure the beam profile to be with a full width of 50µm at 2.4%of the maximum height.Both sensor depletion and charge sharing between neighboring pixels have been carefully characterized,providing insights for further development.The homogeneity of response to X-ray photons has been demonstrated in the flat field test.This work has drawn a final conclusion to the solution of digital pickup issue and opened a promising prospect in low-noise and high-resolution X-ray imaging. 展开更多
关键词 Double SOI X-ray imaging detectors Photon counting pixel detector
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Studies of the linearity of the readout module assembling using the eXTP-GPD chips
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作者 Jiechen Jiang Liang Sun +9 位作者 Yang Jiao Weichun Jiang Yupeng Xu Huilin He Xiaohua Liu Yuanyuan Du Sheng Yang Zefang Dong Xiaojing Liu Boyu Dai 《Radiation Detection Technology and Methods》 CSCD 2023年第2期255-262,共8页
Background The Gas Pixel Detector(GPD)is a key part of the Polarimetry Focusing Array(PFA)sub-system onboard the enhance X-ray Timing and Polarimetry mission(eXTP).The GPD can accurately provide the polarized angle an... Background The Gas Pixel Detector(GPD)is a key part of the Polarimetry Focusing Array(PFA)sub-system onboard the enhance X-ray Timing and Polarimetry mission(eXTP).The GPD can accurately provide the polarized angle and degree for incoming soft X-rays(requirements of minimum detectable polarization<1%(10^(6) s,1 mCrab))from celestial objects under extreme conditions of density,gravity and magnetism.Purpose Paste the GPD chips on a matched ceramic package is one of the most important procedures for the GPD assembly,and the parallelism between the top surface of an ASIC chip and the bottom surface of a Gas Electron Multiplier(GEM)foil can have impact on the distribution of electric field within transfer region and reconstruction of photoelectric trajectories,resulting in deterioration of the GPD sensitivity.This study quantifies the influence and gives a reasonable expectation of the parallelism.Methods A simulation framework of the GPD is constructed to quantify the influence on the GPD performance and values of the parallelism are measured by a gauge with a position resolution of o.1μm.Results:The difference of degree of modulation is less than 1% comparing the parallelism with a value of 20μm to a value of 0μm in response to both polarized and unpolarized X-rays.Meanwhile,the value of parallelism can reach 6.9±3.4μm(0.0176°±0.0087°)by testing and verifying.Conclusions The impact on the GPD performance can be less than 1%as the parallelism with an order of 20μm,and we also give a reasonable measuring method and verify the controllability and feasibility of the parallelism with an order of 20μm for pasting the ASIC chip on the surface of a ceramic package. 展开更多
关键词 PARALLELISM Gas pixel detectors Gaseous detector simulation Measurements
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Design of a MAPS readout electronics prototype for BESIII inner tracker
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作者 Xing-cheng Tian Xiao-shan Jiang +7 位作者 Jun Hu Qun Ou Yang Ming-yi Dong Chao-yue Qu Xu-dong Ju Hong-yu Zhang Ye Wu Xiao-xu Lu 《Radiation Detection Technology and Methods》 CSCD 2020年第2期241-249,共9页
Background The spatial resolution and the reconstruction efficiency of the main drift chamber of the Beijing Spectrometer III has degraded aftermore than nine years of operation.An improved new inner drift chamber has... Background The spatial resolution and the reconstruction efficiency of the main drift chamber of the Beijing Spectrometer III has degraded aftermore than nine years of operation.An improved new inner drift chamber has been constructed to replace the old chamber in case of the radiation damage.Amonolithic active pixel sensor(MAPS)based detector prototype is selected as one of the prototype schemes for the inner chamber upgrade.Purpose Design a set of MAPS readout electronics system for the inner drift chamber upgrade.This system can verify the function and performance of the selected MAPS chip and discover the matters needing attention when designing large-scale detectors.Methods The electronics system design is composed of three parts.The first part is flexible printed circuit boards(PCBs)assembled with the MAPS chips.The second part is digital readout boards,which are connected to the flexible PCBs via FPGA mezzanine card cables.The digital readout board realizes the configuration of the MAPS chip register,receives and processes the data output by the MAPS chip,and transfers the processed data to the DAQ device.The third part includes a readout control board and two fan-out boards that used to separately fan out the trigger signal and the start signal to all the digital readout boards.Results and conclusion AMAPS readout electronics system consisting of five MAPS based detector prototypes is designed.The system can work stably under the electron beam experimental conditions with a frequency up to 2 kHz and energy ranging from 1 to 5 GeV.The system detection efficiency of the electron beam is∼95%,and the spatial resolution is∼5.3μm at electron energies of 1 GeV.The design of the electronics system meets the requirements for verifying the performance of the MAPS chips and the technical feasibility of the detector structure. 展开更多
关键词 BESIII MAPS pixel detector JTAG FPGA
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