Online and Offline Integrated Teaching of Histology and Embryology Based on Concept of "Golden Course"

Taking construction of the online and offline integrated first-class undergraduate curriculum teaching modes of Histology and Embryology in Guangxi as an opportunity,under the guidance of student-centered teaching concept,efforts were made to innovate online and offline integrated teaching mode to overcome the shortcomings and dilemma of traditional Histology and Embryology teaching,with attention paid to the competence education in students including schematic knowledge,professional techniques,analytical thinking,and ideological and political theories,which would be of great significance for the cultivation of high-quality professionals specialized in traditional Chinese medicine.

Association between Placental Malaria and Severe Pre-Eclampsia in Two University Hospitals of Yaounde City

Context: Pre-eclampsia and placental malaria, are two diseases that share pathophysiological similarities, such as placental ischemia, endothelial dysfunction and production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Objective: The objective of our study was to investigate the association between placental malaria lesions and severe pre-eclampsia. Methodology: We conducted a prospective analytical cross-sectional study in two University Hospitals in the city of Yaounde (Yaounde Central Hospital and the Gynaecological Obstetrics and Paediatrics Hospital), and in the laboratory of the Centre Pasteur in Yaounde over an eight-month period (1st January 2021 – 1st September 2021). All patients with pre-eclampsia diagnosed according to the criteria of the International Society for the Study of Hypertension (ISSHP) and free of chronic metabolic or infectious pathology were included in this study. The patients were divided into two groups: group 1 (mild pre-eclampsia) and group 2: severe pre-eclampsia. Socio-demographic, clinical and histopathological characteristics specific to pre-eclampsia and placental malaria were investigated. Statistical analysis was performed with SPSS 23.0 software, Chi 2 was used to compare categorical variables, Student t-test was used to compare means, and logistic regression was used to assess the association between placental malaria lesions and PES. Results: The mean age of our study population was 29.93 ± 7.36 years versus 28.28 ± 7.18 years in patients with mild and severe pre-eclampsia respectively. Pre-eclampsia placental lesions (accelerated villous maturation, infarction) were significantly greater in patients with severe pre-eclampsia (p Conclusion: Placental malaria lesions were significantly associated with severe pre-eclampsia and increased the risk of developing severe pre-eclampsia placental lesions by a factor of 10.

Epigenetic modifications of placenta in women with gestational diabetes mellitus and their offspring

Gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM)is a pregnancy-related complication characterized by abnormal glucose metabolism in pregnant women and has an important impact on fetal development.As a bridge between the mother and the fetus,the placenta has nutrient transport functions,endocrine functions,etc.,and can regulate placental nutrient transport and fetal growth and development according to maternal metabolic status.Only by means of placental transmission can changes in maternal hyperglycemia affect the fetus.There are many reports on the placental pathophysiological changes associated with GDM,the impacts of GDM on the growth and development of offspring,and the prevalence of GDM in offspring after birth.Placental epigenetic changes in GDM are involved in the programming of fetal development and are involved in the pathogenesis of later chronic diseases.This paper summarizes the effects of changes in placental nutrient transport function and hormone secretion levels due to maternal hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia on the development of offspring as well as the participation of changes in placental epigenetic modifications due to maternal hyperglycemia in intrauterine fetal programming to promote a comprehensive understanding of the impacts of placental epigenetic modifications on the development of offspring from patients with GDM.

Transplantation of human placental chorionic plate-derived mesenchymal stem cells for repair of neurological damage in neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy

Neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy is often associated with permanent cerebral palsy,neurosensory impairments,and cognitive deficits,and there is no effective treatment for complications related to hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy.The therapeutic potential of human placental chorionic plate-derived mesenchymal stem cells for various diseases has been explored.However,the potential use of human placental chorionic plate-derived mesenchymal stem cells for the treatment of neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy has not yet been investigated.In this study,we injected human placental chorionic plate-derived mesenchymal stem cells into the lateral ventricle of a neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy rat model and observed significant improvements in both cognitive and motor function.Protein chip analysis showed that interleukin-3 expression was significantly elevated in neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy model rats.Following transplantation of human placental chorionic plate-derived mesenchymal stem cells,interleukin-3 expression was downregulated.To further investigate the role of interleukin-3 in neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy,we established an in vitro SH-SY5Y cell model of hypoxic-ischemic injury through oxygen-glucose deprivation and silenced interleukin-3 expression using small interfering RNA.We found that the activity and proliferation of SH-SY5Y cells subjected to oxygen-glucose deprivation were further suppressed by interleukin-3 knockdown.Furthermore,interleukin-3 knockout exacerbated neuronal damage and cognitive and motor function impairment in rat models of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy.The findings suggest that transplantation of hpcMSCs ameliorated behavioral impairments in a rat model of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy,and this effect was mediated by interleukin-3-dependent neurological function.

Development of Plant Embryology in China

The development of plant embryology in China can be roughly divided into three stages: (1) the initial stage, (2) the stage of establishing plant embryology as a branch of plant sciences, and (3) the stage when plant embryology evolves into plant reproductive biology with its vigorous development. It is in the third stage that research work in this field in China has developed rapidly and many of the significant achievements obtained are described in more details in this review. Researches of experimental embryology are not included in this paper.

Accurate diagnosis of prenatal cleft lip/palate by understanding the embryology

Cleft lip with or without cleft palate(CP) is one of the most common congenital malformations. Ultrasonographers involved in the routine 20-wk ultrasound screening could encounter these malformations. The face and palate develop in a very characteristic way. For ultrasonographers involved in screening these patients it is crucial to have a thorough understanding of the embryology of the face. This could help them to make a more accurate diagnosis and save time during the ultrasound. Subsequently, the current postnatal classification will be discussed to facilitate the communication with the CP teams.

Embryology of Iris sanguinea Donn ex Horn. and its systematic relationship

Iris sangumea Dorm ex Horn. is a perennial cold-tolerant herbs of the Iris genus of Iridaceae, which has a well-formed, bright color and adaptability. Through understanding the fl ower bud differentiation, Sporogenesis, gametogenesis, fertilization and embryogenesis of I. sangumea, we developed fl owering regulation and control breeding. I. sangumea fl ower bud differentiation was observed in April for 21 days; in this stage, the early differentiation process was slow, temperature was more than 5 °C, if the temperature is shorter than this, most fl ower bud will have no differentiation, and turn to vegetative growth; later differentiation is faster and required temperature is from 5 to 8 °C and gradually rose to 10-12 °C. The temperature in April plays the defi nitely role in the number of bud differentiation. Three stamina contain tetrasporangiate anthers and a glandular tapetum. The anther wall is composed of four cell layers inclduding the epidermis, the endothecium, one middle layer and the secretory tapetum. The type of anther wall development the dicotyledonous type. After pollen maturation, the anther wall forms a double-layer containing only epidermis and endothecium. Simultaneous cytokinesis is of the continuous type during meiosis of microspore mother cell results in a zygomorphous or tetragonal tetrad. Mature pollen grains are two-celled. I. sangumea ’s stylar canal is hollow, open type style, and the gynoecium has three carpels. The ovaries have axial placentas. The ovule is anatropous, bitegmic and crassinucellate. The primary sporogenous cell differentiates directly as the megaspore. The megaspore tetrads are linear, T-shaped or juxtaposed. Generally, the fi rst of the tetrad megaspores at the chalaza becomes functional while the other three degenerate. A mature embryo sac with seven cells and eight nuclei embryo sac is of the polygonum type. For dichogamy, the male gametophyte matures about 2 days earlier than the female gametophyte. The pollen tube entered into the embryo sac for 22–24 h after pollination. The dormancy stage of fertilized ovules is 5-6 days, and the fusion of sperm and egg nucleus is of the premitotic type. The primary endosperm cell has shorter dormancy of 4-6 days, and endosperm formation is of the nuclear type.

Embryology of the nose:The evo-devo concept

Aim was to gather relevant knowledge in evolution and development to find a rational explanation for the intricate and elaborate anatomy of the nose. According to classic embryology, the philtrum of the upper lip, nasal dorsum, septum and primary palate develop from the intermaxillary process, and the lateral walls of the nasal pyramid from the lateral nasal processes. The palatal shelves, which are outgrowths of the maxillary processes, form the secondary palate. The median nasal septum develops inferiorly from the roof of the nasal cavity. These valuable embryologic data do not explain the complex intricacy of the many anatomical structures comprising the nose. The evo-devo theory offers a rational explanation to this complex anatomy. Phylogenically, the nose develops as an olfactory organ in fish before becoming respiratory in tetrapods. During development, infolding of the olfactory placodes occurs, bringing the medial olfactory processes to form the septolateral cartilage while the lateral olfactory processes form the alar cartilages. The olfactory fascia units these cartilages to the olfactory mucosa, that stays separated from brain by the cartilaginous olfactory capsule(the ethmoid bone forerunner). Phylogenically, the respiratory nose develops between mouth and olfactory nose by rearrangement of the dermal bones of the secondary palate, which appears in early tetrapods. During development, the palatal shelves develop into the palatine processes of the maxillary bones, and with the vomer, palatine, pterygoid and inferior turbinate bones form the walls of the nasal cavity after regression of the transverse lamina. Applying the evolutionary developmental biology(evo-devo) discipline on our present knowledge of development, anatomy and physiology of the nose, significantly expands and places this knowledge in proper perspective. The clinicopathologies of nasal polyposis, for example, occurs specifically in the ethmoid labyrinth or, woodworker's adenocarcinomas, occurring only in the olfactory cleft can now be explained by employing the evo-devo approach. A full understanding of the evo-devo discipline, as it pertains to head and neck anatomy, has profound implications to the otolaryngologist empowering his skills and abilities, and ultimately translating in improving surgical outcomes and maximizing patient care.

Synthetic Human Embryo-Like Structure: A New Paradigm for Human Embryology

Early human embryonic development remains mysterious due to drastic species divergences between humans and othermammalian models and limited accessibility to human embryo samples. Recent studies from my laboratory and others haveshown that under suitable culture conditions human pluripotent stem cells ( hPSCs) can undergo intricate morphogenetic eventsand self-organize to form patterned human embryo-like structures in vitro. These synthetic human embryonic tissueshold great promises for advancing human embryology and reproductive medicine. In this talk,I will describe a hPSC-based,synthetic 3D model of human post-implantation development that recapitulates key developmental landmarks successively,including pro-amniotic cavity formation,amniotic ectoderm-epiblast patterning,primordial germ cell specification,and developmentof the primitive streak with controlled anteroposterior polarity ( Fig.1) . We further show that the amniotic ectoderm,as the first lineage that segregates from the epiblast upon implantation of the human embryo,functions as a signaling centerto trigger primitive streak development in the epiblast. Together,our research has developed a powerful synthetic embryologicalmodel and provided new understandings of previously inaccessible but critical embryogenic events in human development.

An Anatomical and Radiological Study of Origins of the Arteries Forming the Celiac Trunk: Clinical and Embryological Implications

The blood supply to the most of abdominal organs is provided by the branches of CT. The SMA supply caecum, ascends colon, all of the small bowels except the upper part of duodenum. Knowledge of variable anatomy of celiac axis and SMA may be useful in planning and executing radiological interventions such as celiacography and chemoembolization of hepatic and pancreatic tumors. In this study, the uncommon or low percentage cases of CT and SMA are presented in the light of clinical and embryological information. The celiac axises of a total of 30 adult corpses were examined. Dissections of abdominal region were performed in detail according to Cunningham’s manual. Angiographic images of 100 consecutive adult patients who underwent celiac MDCT angiography were evaluated. During autopsies, an incomplete celiac trunk or bifurcation of celiac trunk associated with the hepatomesenteric and gastrosplenic trunks (0.7%) and a celiacomesenteric trunk associated with high origin superior mesenteric artery and gastrosplenic trunk were detected (0.7%). During MDCT angiography, a case of total absence of celiac trunk associated with a hepatosplenomesenteric trunk (0.7%) and also a case of total absence of celiac trunk alone were observed (0.7%). The persistence or unusual development of ventral splanchnic arteries (VSAs) or ventral longitudinal anastomosis may result in variations or the unusual trunks related to celiac axis and SMA. The anomalous trunks of the CT may be result of either the persistence of some parts of the VSAs or ventral longitudinal anastomose that normally disappear or disappearance of parts that normally persist. The prevalence of unusual trunks of celiac axis and SMA in this study is quite low in literature. These abnormal vessels pose problems for surgeons and radiologists. Such vascular anomalies may cause clinical complications following surgical and radiological procedures such as resection of tumor of the pancreatic head, lymphadenectomy, coeliacography, aortic replacement with reimplantation of the trunk and coembolization of pancreatic and liver tumors.

Accuracy of Trans-Cerebellar Diameter and Placental Thickness in Third Trimesteric Pregnant Women for Calculation of Gestational Age: A Cross Sectional Study

Background: Accurate determination of gestational age has become important for deciding the appropriate time for termination of the pregnancy as well as to monitor the fetal growth during the entire period of pregnancy. Objective: The aim of the study was to assess whether the trans-cerebellar diameter, placental thickness or combining both of them is more accurate for assessment of gestational age in the 3rd trimester of pregnancy. Patients and Methods: This is a cross sectional study conducted at outpatient Clinic and Obstetric ward, Ain Shams University Maternity Hospital, over a period of six months from March 2019 to September 2019. One hundred pregnant women were recruited according to inclusion criteria either from outpatient clinic or were admitted in obstetric ward Ain Shams Maternity Hospital to find out the most accurate fetal biometric measurement in the third trimester either trans-cerebellar diameter placental thickness or both compared to reliable LMP (last menstrual period) dates confirmed by crown rump length (CRL) in the first trimester. Results: Trans-cerebellar diameter mean ± SD was 46.0 ± 3.5 with range 38.2 - 51.7. The mean of placental thickness was 39.6 ± 7.1 with range 22.8 - 54.3. Placental thickness had highest determination (0.813) for last menstrual period followed by trans-cerebellar diameter (0.802). Combining trans-cerebellar diameter and placental thickness increased determination (0.902) for last menstrual period. Conclusion: Combined use of trans-cerebellar diameter and placental thickness in the third trimester of pregnancy is a reliable indicator for gestational age in women whose last menstrual period is unreliable or unknown, but placental thickness had higher accuracy than trans-cerebellar diameter.

Association between Placenta Malaria Parasites and Preeclampsia/Eclampsia among Parturient Mothers in Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital Abakaliki

In tropical countries, malaria and preeclampsia/eclampsia are common diseases of pregnancy;and placenta have been implicated in the pathophysiology of both disease processes. The two diseases have pathophysiologic similarities in the placenta such as placenta ischaemia, endothelial dysfunction and production of pro-inflammatory cytokine. Yet, there is paucity of studies on the association of these two disease processes. Determining the association between the two disease processes may help to unravel the pathogenesis of preeclampsia and also help in its prevention and patient management. Objective: Determined the association between placenta malaria parasitemia and preeclampsia/eclampsia among parturients at Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital Abakaliki. Materials and Methods: This was a case control study that was conducted in the Labour wards of department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital Abakaliki (AEFUTHA) and Mile 4 Missionary Hospital Abakaliki, a comprehensive health care centre in Abakaliki, Ebonyi state. It was conducted over a period of 6 months between 1st October 2021 and 31st March, 2022. The cases in this study were parturients that developed preeclampsia/eclampsia in the course of pregnancy, while the controls were parturient without preeclampsia/eclampsia. Interviewer-administered questionnaires were used to collect data on socio-demographic characteristics, obstetrics and medical histories. Histological examinations were conducted to isolate plasmodium falciparum parasites from placenta samples obtained from the maternal surface of the placenta. The data was processed using Epi Info software. Categorical variables were analyzed using Mc Nemar X2 test, with a p-value of 0.05 considered statistically significant. Logistic regression models were used to estimate the odds ratios (OR) and 95% CI of the association between placenta malaria parasites and preeclampsia/eclampsia was conducted. Relative risk with 95% CI was used to determine both fetal and maternal outcomes. Results: The prevalence of preeclampsia during the study period was 2.9%. Placenta malaria was positive in twenty one (21) of the 67 cases of preeclampsia/eclampsia analyzed, giving a prevalence of 31.3% and in eleven (11) out of 68 controls (normotensive) patients analyzed, giving a prevalence of 16.2%. The presence of placenta malaria significantly increased the odds of developing preeclampsia/eclampsia among parturients (OR = 2.4, 95% CI = 1.0 - 5.4, P value = 0.04). Presence of placenta malaria in mothers with preeclampsia/eclampsia was associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes such as cerebrovascular accident (RR = 19.2, 95% CI = 1.1 - 341.7, P value = 0.04), DIC (RR = 10.9, 95% CI = 1.4 - 88.0, P value = 0.02), abruptio placenta (RR = 2.4, 95% CI = 1.2 - 4.8, P value = 0.01), pulmonary edema (RR = 2.7, 95% CI = 1.1 - 25.9, P value = 0.03), IUGR (RR = 2.1, 95% CI = 1.1 - 4.5, P value = 0.03) and IUFD (RR = 3.8, 95% CI = 1.3 - 11.7, P value = 0.02). Presence of placenta malaria also increased the risk of NICU admission (RR = 2.6, 95% CI = 1.1 - 6.0, P value = 0.03), Low 1st minute APGAR score (RR = 2.7, 95% CI = 1.2 - 6.1, P value = 0.02) and Low 5th minute APGAR score (RR = 3.0, 95% CI = 1.0 - 8.6, P value = 0.04) among neonates delivered by mothers with preeclampsia/eclampsia. However, presence of placenta malaria did not significantly increase maternal and perinatal mortalities. Conclusion: There is a higher prevalence of placenta malaria among mothers with preeclampsia/eclampsia when compared with normotensive controls and this was associated with increased risk of certain maternal and perinatal morbidities. Placental malaria was not associated with increased risk of either maternal or perinatal mortality.

Contribution of Tibetan Medicine To Embryology

Tibetan medicine has a history of some 2,000 years. It is a shining pearl in the cultural treasure house of the great motherland. In the prolonged process of combating disease, the Tibetans came to understand the parts of animals and plants, and the mineral ores which have medical effect for certain kinds of pain and suffering. With the deepening of understanding of nature, and with the development of production, they started to study the human body.

Advanced glycation end-products change placental barrier function and tight junction in rats with gestational diabetes mellitus via the receptor for advanced glycation end products/nuclear factor-κB pathway

The placenta plays an important role in nutrient transport to maintain the growth and development of the embryo.Gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM),the most common complication during pregnancy,highly affects placental function in late gestation.Advanced glycation end-products(AGEs),a complex and heterogeneous group of compounds engaged by the receptor for AGEs(RAGE),are closely associated with diabetes-related complications.In this study,AGEs induced a decrease in the expression of tight junction(TJ)proteins in BeWo cells and increased the paracellular permeability of trophoblast cells by regulating RAGE/NF-κB.Sprague-Dawley(SD)rats injected with 100 mg/kg AGEs-rat serum albumin(RSA)via the tail vein from embryo day 2 were set as the placental barrier dysfunction model group(n=10).The effect of AGEs on placental permeability was determined using the Evans-Blue dye extravasation method.The ultrastructure of the placenta samples was observed by transmission electron microscopy.The effects of AGEs on the placenta were confirmed by treating rats with RAGE antagonist FPS-ZM1 and soluble forms of RAGE(sRAGE).AGEs treatment increased placental permeability and disrupted the tight junctions in pregnant rat placenta,but has no effect on blood glucose.The expression of TJ-related proteins,including ZO-1,Occludin,and Claudin 5,were downregulated after AGEs treatment.Further,AGEs treatment increased the expression of RAGE and nuclear factor-κB in the placenta of rats and upregulated the levels of vascular endothelial growth factor.The effects of AGEs on the placenta were blocked by RAGE antagonist FPS-ZM1 and sRAGE.This study demonstrates the mechanism underlying AGEs-induced disturbance in placental function in pregnant rats and highlights the potential of AGEs in the treatment of GDM.

Comprehensive Review of Thyroid Embryology,Anatomy,Histology,and Physiology for Surgeons

Emil Theodor Kocher and Theodor Billroth pioneered the surgical management of thyroid disease. Their surgical techniques, knowledge of thyroid anatomy, embryology, histology, physiology, and antisepsis practices transitioned a life-threatening operation to one with acceptable morbidity. The modern head and neck surgeon should have a meticulous surgical technique, combined with a thorough understanding of thyroid embryology and anatomy that is central to the understanding and treatment of the different disease processes of the thyroid gland and the consequences of thyroid gland surgery. In this manuscript we will be examining thyroid gland embryology, anatomy, histology, and physiology that is essential to the practicing thyroid surgeon.

胎盘早剥患者血清抗氧化物水平与病情、产后出血关系

目的:探讨胎盘早剥患者血清抗氧化物水平变化及其与病情严重性、产后出血的关系。方法:选取2019年1月-2022年3月本院妇产科收治的胎盘早剥患者104例作为观察组,产前体检健康孕妇120例为对照组。入院后均检测血清总超氧化物歧化酶(TSOD)、尿酸(UA)、白蛋白(ALB)浓度并比较。采用Pearson相关及Spearman相关法分析血清抗氧化物水平与胎盘早剥病情、产后出血量关系,采用受试者工作特征曲线(ROC)分析血清抗氧化物对产后出血的预测效能。结果:观察组血清TSOD(78.66±6.69U/ml)、UA(358.62±35.62μmol/L)水平均高于对照组(65.47±5.10U/ml、265.69±25.64μmol/L),ALB(34.20±3.36g/L)水平低于对照组(56.65±5.62g/L)。Ⅱ度胎盘早剥孕妇血清TSOD、UA水平均高于0~Ⅰ度胎盘早剥孕妇,ALB水平均低于0~Ⅰ度胎盘早剥孕妇;产后出血量>300ml孕妇血清TSOD、UA水平均高于产后出血量≤300ml孕妇,ALB水平低于产后出血量≤300ml孕妇(均P<0.05)。胎盘早剥孕妇的病情严重程度与血清TSOD、UA水平均呈正相关,与血清ALB水平呈负相关;胎盘早剥孕妇产后出血量与血清TSOD、UA水平均呈正相关,与血清ALB水平呈负相关(均P<0.05)。ROC曲线结果显示,诊断患者产后大出血的ALB曲线下面积为0.710,截断值32.24g/L,敏感度72.2%、特异度80.63%;UA曲线下面积为0.721,截断值360.30μmol/L,敏感度75.6%、特异度85.6%;TSOD曲线下面积为0.730,截断值为80.66U/ml,敏感度76.7%、特异度89.0%。结论:胎盘早剥患者血清TSOD、UA水平升高,ALB水平降低与胎盘早剥病情严重程度及产后出血量有一定相关。

多学科协作诊疗模式对前置胎盘伴胎盘植入产妇妊娠结局的影响

目的探讨多学科协作(MDT)诊疗模式在改善前置胎盘伴胎盘植入母儿结局中的临床价值。方法回顾性分析2017年1月至2022年12月于江西省妇幼保健院分娩的281例前置胎盘伴胎盘植入产妇的临床资料,根据剖宫产术前是否进行MDT诊疗进行分组,其中MDT组152例,非MDT组129例。比较两组的剖宫产术前胎盘植入部位诊断准确性、术前预处理情况及母儿妊娠结局。结果MDT组术前胎盘植入部位的诊断符合率高于非MDT组,MDT组的腹主动脉球囊阻断率及输尿管置管率均高于非MDT组,且MDT组的术中出血量、出血>2000 ml率、输红细胞量及子宫切除率均低于非MDT组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论MDT诊疗模式可以提高前置胎盘伴胎盘植入部位的术前诊断准确性,利于术者制定个体化的精准治疗方案,能有效减少胎盘植入患者术中出血量、输血量,降低子宫切除率,在改善母儿妊娠结局中具有一定临床价值。

超声微血管成像联合血管内皮生长因子诊断胎儿生长受限

目的观察超声微血管成像(MV-Flow)联合孕妇血清血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)表达水平诊断胎儿生长受限(FGR)的价值。方法前瞻性纳入87例胎儿生长受限[FGR组,包括43例孕周<28周(<28周亚组)及44例孕周≥28周(≥28周亚组)]孕妇及112名正常孕妇[对照组,55名孕周<28周(对照组1)、57名孕周≥28周(对照组1)],以MV-Flow技术测量胎盘微血管指数(MVI),于同期检测孕妇血清VEGF表达水平,于分娩后即刻检测胎盘母体面VEGF表达水平;绘制受试者工作特征曲线,评价胎盘MVI、母体血清VEGF及二者联合诊断FGR的价值。结果FGR组2亚组胎盘MVI、孕妇血清VEGF表达水平及胎盘组织VEGF表达水平均明显低于对照组(P<0.01)。胎盘MVI、母体血清VEGF及二者联合诊断<28周FGR的曲线下面积(AUC)分别为0.981、0.870和0.997,诊断≥28周FGR的AUC分别为0.991、0.867和0.993。以单一孕妇血清VEGF诊断2亚组FGR的AUC均低于胎盘MVI及其联合孕妇血清VEGF(P均<0.05),而后二者AUC差异均无统计学意义(P均>0.05)。结论胎盘MVI和孕妇血清VEGF可用于筛查FGR,而前者更具价值。

超声测量胎儿静脉导管血流动力学参数联合血清胎盘生长因子预测妊娠期高血压疾病患者妊娠结局的价值

目的探讨超声测量胎儿静脉导管血流动力学参数联合血清胎盘生长因子(PLGF)预测妊娠期高血压疾病(HDP)患者妊娠结局的价值。方法回顾性分析2022年4月—2023年4月在承德市中心医院产检诊断为HDP的80例患者的临床资料,将其作为研究组。另取同期该院健康产检孕妇100例作为对照组。比较两组胎儿静脉导管血流动力学参数[搏动指数(PI)、阻力指数(RI)、血流速度峰谷比(S/D)、静脉导管分流率]、血清PLGF水平及不良妊娠结局发生率。根据HDP患者妊娠结局分为不良结局组(18例)、结局良好组(62例)。比较两组基线资料、胎儿静脉导管血流动力学参数、PLGF水平,绘制受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析胎儿静脉导管血流动力学参数及血清PLGF水平预测HDP患者不良妊娠结局的价值,采用多因素逐步Logistic回归模型分析HDP患者不良妊娠结局的危险因素。结果研究组胎儿静脉导管血流动力学参数(PI、RI、S/D、静脉导管分流率)均高于对照组(P<0.05),血清PLGF水平低于对照组(P<0.05)。研究组不良妊娠结局发生率高于对照组(P<0.05)。不良结局组年龄≥35岁占比、孕前BMI、PI、RI、S/D、静脉导管分流率均高于良好结局组(P<0.05),血清PLGF水平低于良好结局组(P<0.05)。ROC曲线分析结果显示,胎儿静脉导管血流动力学参数及血清PLGF水平均可用于预测HDP患者不良妊娠结局。孕前BMI、PI、RI、S/D、静脉导管分流率、血清PLGF水平及其联合预测HDP患者不良妊娠结局的敏感性分别为77.8%(95%CI:0.713,0.854)、83.3%(95%CI:0.682,0.951)、83.3%(95%CI:0.813,0.927)、94.4%(95%CI:0.847,0.952)、94.4%(95%CI:0.907,0.983)、72.2%(95%CI:0.682,0.841)、94.4%(95%CI:0.921,0.965),特异性分别为85.5%(95%CI:0.690,0.873)、54.8%(95%CI:0.522,0.764)、91.2%(95%CI:0.871,0.925)、75.8%(95%CI:0.723,0.862)、91.8%(95%CI:0.857,0.931)、93.6%(95%CI:0.748,0.964)、95.2%(95%CI:0.917,0.980)。多因素逐步Logistic回归分析结果显示,年龄[OR=1.357(95%CI:1.033,1.783)]、孕前BMI[OR=1.536(95%CI:1.118,2.110)]、PI[OR=1.797(95%CI:1.122,2.878)]、RI[OR=1.751(95%CI:1.121,2.735)]、S/D[OR=1.886(95%CI:1.075,3.309)]、静脉导管分流率[OR=1.967(95%CI:1.142,3.388)]、PLGF[OR=2.132(95%CI:1.176,3.865)]均为HDP患者不良妊娠结局的危险因素(P<0.05)。结论胎儿静脉导管血流动力学参数异常高表达、血清PLGF水平下降均与HDP发生、发展关系密切,以上指标可有效预测妊娠结局,且联合检测价值更高。

临床医学综合能力(西医)考试背景下的组织学与胚胎学教学改革与实践

随着社会进步和医学科学的发展,越来越多的医学生为提升自身能力及就业竞争力选择继续深造,临床医学综合能力(西医)是报考临床医学专业及部分基础医学专业的考生必考的研究生入学考试科目。组织学与胚胎学是一门重要的医学基础课程,与临床医学综合能力(西医)考试科目中的生理学、病理学、生物化学、诊断学、内科学、外科学等基础与临床课程存在着广泛而密切的联系。本文旨在探索分析组织学与胚胎学教学如何更科学地与临床医学综合能力(西医)考试紧密结合,以激发学生学习兴趣,培养学生临床思维、临床综合能力和探索求知的科研精神,达到进一步提升教学质量的目的。