We consider that a low-frequency, sinusoidal rhythm detected by Electronic Fetal Monitoring (EFM) is a typical manifestation of a placental abruption. We present the case of a 26-year-old woman who was gestational 36 ...We consider that a low-frequency, sinusoidal rhythm detected by Electronic Fetal Monitoring (EFM) is a typical manifestation of a placental abruption. We present the case of a 26-year-old woman who was gestational 36 weeks. She had irregular contractions. The EFM showed a low-frequency, sinusoidal rhythm. The cycle of the sine curve increased in time from 90 seconds to 160 seconds gradually. A severely asphyxiated newborn was successfully resuscitated after an emergency Cesarean Section. The mother and child were discharged from our hospital in a good general condition seven days later. Upon examination it was proven that this was a case of a placental abruption. This is an original case study report about how to diagnose a placental abruption according to an EFM reading. We propose a definition of a low-frequency, sinusoidal rhythm having: 1) a stable baseline FHR (fetal heart rate) of 120 - 160 bpm;2) a possible variation of 20 - 30 bpm;3) a frequency of 90 - 160 seconds per cycle;4) fixed or flat short-term variability;5) oscillation of the sinusoidal wave from above and below a baseline;6) no areas of normal FHR variability or reactivity. What is more, the lengths of the fluctuation cycle and the greater the amplitude has a close relationship with the prognosis of both mother and child. This pre-partum, low-frequency, sinusoidal rhythm is an ominous sign of fetal jeopardy needing immediate intervention. The medical literature has never reported such an association. Therefore, our case study report is possibly the first to mention this observation.展开更多
Placental abruption(also termed accidental haemorrhage) refers to the separation of a normally sited placenta from the uterine wall resulting in maternal haemorrhage into the interventing space. If this space communic...Placental abruption(also termed accidental haemorrhage) refers to the separation of a normally sited placenta from the uterine wall resulting in maternal haemorrhage into the interventing space. If this space communicates with the external os of the cervix, the haemorrhage will be revealed. If not,the haemorrhage may result in delay in diagnosis, and underestimation of blood loss,which in turn increases the likelihood of coagulopathy and maternal morbidity. In the presence of massive abruption, blood tracks under pressure back into the myometrium, and may be visible beneath the uterine serosa at caesarean section. This appearance is referred to as a ’Couvelaire uterus’. Fetal bleeding can occur with placental abruption , though it is rare. It can be detected by a Kleihauer test which detects fetal haemoglobin in the maternal circulation and can be a clue to retroplacental bleeding in cases of trauma.展开更多
Objective: To describe the epidemiological, clinical and prognostic factors and assess treatment of placental abruption in the obstetrics gynecology department of the Dakar Principal Hospital. Patients and Method: We ...Objective: To describe the epidemiological, clinical and prognostic factors and assess treatment of placental abruption in the obstetrics gynecology department of the Dakar Principal Hospital. Patients and Method: We carried out a retrospective observational study of 130 successive cases of placental abruption, which occurred from January 2015 to December 2017 at the Level 3 Maternity Unit of the Dakar Principal Hospital. Data were collected from non-computerized obstetric records and analyzed using Excel and Epi info software. Results: There were 130 cases of placental abruption, that is a prevalence of 1.5%. The average age of onset of placental abruption was 30 years. The history of hypertension concerned 32.3% of patients, the average gestational age of 32.5 weeks at the time of diagnosis, grade 3 of Sher was found in 48.5% of cases. The outcome of the pregnancy was a caesarean section in 79.2% of cases, the average weight of newborns was 2058 g. The management of the complications required a blood transfusion and intensive care. A haemostasis hysterectomy was performed in 6.2% of cases. Stillbirth rate was 53.7% and maternal mortality was zero. Discussion and Conclusion: Placental abruption, a severe complication of pregnancy, is associated with high perinatal morbidity and mortality linked to the severity of the clinical picture, despite an improved maternal prognosis.展开更多
<em>Background:</em> The diagnosis of placental abruption is primarily clinical, but findings from imaging, laboratory, and postpartum pathologic studies can be used to support the clinical diagnosis. In p...<em>Background:</em> The diagnosis of placental abruption is primarily clinical, but findings from imaging, laboratory, and postpartum pathologic studies can be used to support the clinical diagnosis. In patients with classic symptoms, fetal heart rate abnormalities, intrauterine fetal demise, and/or disseminated intravascular coagulation strongly support the clinical diagnosis and indicate extensive placental separation. In a few cases, placental separation has not been recognized and was only identified upon cesarean section as an incidental finding. <em>Objectives: </em>To describe the clinical presentations and pregnancy outcomes of placental abruption cases that are not diagnosed before cesarean delivery, termed “unpredictable placental abruption” and also cases diagnosed before cesarean delivery, termed “predictable placental abruption”.<em> Methods: </em>A retrospective analysis of 100 cases of placental abruption was identified by cesarean delivery at Tu Du hospital from September 2018 to May 2019. Clinical variables were compared between the unpredictable and predictable groups. The unpredictable group consists of cases that are not diagnosed before cesarean delivery, while the predictable cases were identified placental separation before cesarean delivery. The maternal and fetal outcomes were also studied. <em>Results:</em> In 100 cases of placental, abruption by gross clinical examination of the placenta at the time operation revealed that, 33% were unpredictable. Placental abruption attributed to maternal complications included one case of total hysterectomy (1%) with no cases of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), shock or maternal death;specifically, this case of total hysterectomy appeared with predictable one. There were two cases of stillbirths. Among the 98 live neonates, 15 cases (14.7%) experienced severe birth asphyxia resulting in eight neonatal deaths;two of which were caused by heart disease and necrotizing enterocolitis. Sixty-three neonates were delivered prematurely (61.74%), with mean gestational age of 34.64 <span style="white-space:nowrap;">±</span> 3.32 weeks. Among the 33 unpredictable cases, there were no stillbirths but 60.6% and 12.1% experienced moderate and severe asphyxia, respectively. All unpredictable cases had obvious indications of cesarean section but the basic symptoms and signs of acute placental abruption included the onset of preterm labor, unspecified intrapartum hemorrhage, hypertonic uterine contractions and fetal distress for emergency caesarian section;however there were also cases where there were no symptoms and signs.<em> Conclusions: </em>Unpredictable placental abruption cases—not suspected of having abruption, termed—“concealed” or “chronic” placental abruption, may have variable clinical manifestations and better pregnancy outcomes.展开更多
目的探讨妊娠11~14周孕妇血清中PAPP-A水平值在胎盘早剥中的预测价值,以及联合检测孕妇血清中CA125、TM水平对早期诊断胎盘早剥的临床价值。方法前瞻性选取2014年1月到2015年8月,孕11~14周时行Ⅰ期唐氏筛查的孕妇,孕周大于20周后有阴道...目的探讨妊娠11~14周孕妇血清中PAPP-A水平值在胎盘早剥中的预测价值,以及联合检测孕妇血清中CA125、TM水平对早期诊断胎盘早剥的临床价值。方法前瞻性选取2014年1月到2015年8月,孕11~14周时行Ⅰ期唐氏筛查的孕妇,孕周大于20周后有阴道出血、子宫体压痛、腰背痛、不明原因胎儿窘迫及宫缩过频、子宫张力过高等怀疑胎盘早剥的孕妇100例作为研究对象,产后检查是否有胎盘早剥再分为早剥组66例、无早剥组34例;同期选择在该院产检并正常分娩的100例孕妇为对照组,分别登记其PAPP-A值,并行CA125、TM检测,B超检查和产后胎盘检查,比较三组检测结果的差异。应用ROC曲线和约登指数评判各血清学指标在胎盘早剥诊断中的价值,并确定PAPP-A和TM相应的诊断界值。结果妊娠11~14周血清PAPP-A值,胎盘早剥组明显低于无胎盘早剥组和正常对照组（P〈0.05）,胎盘早剥组CA-125、TM水平明显高于无胎盘早剥组和正常对照组,均有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。将PAPP-A、TM作为检验变量得出诊断胎盘早剥的界值,PAPP-A〈2 028 m U/L、TM〉55μg/L时预测价值最高。结论妊娠11~14周低水平的血清PAPP-A值对胎盘早剥有预测作用;高水平的血清CA-125和高TM值对胎盘早剥的早期诊断具有较高的临床应用价值。展开更多
文摘We consider that a low-frequency, sinusoidal rhythm detected by Electronic Fetal Monitoring (EFM) is a typical manifestation of a placental abruption. We present the case of a 26-year-old woman who was gestational 36 weeks. She had irregular contractions. The EFM showed a low-frequency, sinusoidal rhythm. The cycle of the sine curve increased in time from 90 seconds to 160 seconds gradually. A severely asphyxiated newborn was successfully resuscitated after an emergency Cesarean Section. The mother and child were discharged from our hospital in a good general condition seven days later. Upon examination it was proven that this was a case of a placental abruption. This is an original case study report about how to diagnose a placental abruption according to an EFM reading. We propose a definition of a low-frequency, sinusoidal rhythm having: 1) a stable baseline FHR (fetal heart rate) of 120 - 160 bpm;2) a possible variation of 20 - 30 bpm;3) a frequency of 90 - 160 seconds per cycle;4) fixed or flat short-term variability;5) oscillation of the sinusoidal wave from above and below a baseline;6) no areas of normal FHR variability or reactivity. What is more, the lengths of the fluctuation cycle and the greater the amplitude has a close relationship with the prognosis of both mother and child. This pre-partum, low-frequency, sinusoidal rhythm is an ominous sign of fetal jeopardy needing immediate intervention. The medical literature has never reported such an association. Therefore, our case study report is possibly the first to mention this observation.
文摘Placental abruption(also termed accidental haemorrhage) refers to the separation of a normally sited placenta from the uterine wall resulting in maternal haemorrhage into the interventing space. If this space communicates with the external os of the cervix, the haemorrhage will be revealed. If not,the haemorrhage may result in delay in diagnosis, and underestimation of blood loss,which in turn increases the likelihood of coagulopathy and maternal morbidity. In the presence of massive abruption, blood tracks under pressure back into the myometrium, and may be visible beneath the uterine serosa at caesarean section. This appearance is referred to as a ’Couvelaire uterus’. Fetal bleeding can occur with placental abruption , though it is rare. It can be detected by a Kleihauer test which detects fetal haemoglobin in the maternal circulation and can be a clue to retroplacental bleeding in cases of trauma.
文摘Objective: To describe the epidemiological, clinical and prognostic factors and assess treatment of placental abruption in the obstetrics gynecology department of the Dakar Principal Hospital. Patients and Method: We carried out a retrospective observational study of 130 successive cases of placental abruption, which occurred from January 2015 to December 2017 at the Level 3 Maternity Unit of the Dakar Principal Hospital. Data were collected from non-computerized obstetric records and analyzed using Excel and Epi info software. Results: There were 130 cases of placental abruption, that is a prevalence of 1.5%. The average age of onset of placental abruption was 30 years. The history of hypertension concerned 32.3% of patients, the average gestational age of 32.5 weeks at the time of diagnosis, grade 3 of Sher was found in 48.5% of cases. The outcome of the pregnancy was a caesarean section in 79.2% of cases, the average weight of newborns was 2058 g. The management of the complications required a blood transfusion and intensive care. A haemostasis hysterectomy was performed in 6.2% of cases. Stillbirth rate was 53.7% and maternal mortality was zero. Discussion and Conclusion: Placental abruption, a severe complication of pregnancy, is associated with high perinatal morbidity and mortality linked to the severity of the clinical picture, despite an improved maternal prognosis.
文摘<em>Background:</em> The diagnosis of placental abruption is primarily clinical, but findings from imaging, laboratory, and postpartum pathologic studies can be used to support the clinical diagnosis. In patients with classic symptoms, fetal heart rate abnormalities, intrauterine fetal demise, and/or disseminated intravascular coagulation strongly support the clinical diagnosis and indicate extensive placental separation. In a few cases, placental separation has not been recognized and was only identified upon cesarean section as an incidental finding. <em>Objectives: </em>To describe the clinical presentations and pregnancy outcomes of placental abruption cases that are not diagnosed before cesarean delivery, termed “unpredictable placental abruption” and also cases diagnosed before cesarean delivery, termed “predictable placental abruption”.<em> Methods: </em>A retrospective analysis of 100 cases of placental abruption was identified by cesarean delivery at Tu Du hospital from September 2018 to May 2019. Clinical variables were compared between the unpredictable and predictable groups. The unpredictable group consists of cases that are not diagnosed before cesarean delivery, while the predictable cases were identified placental separation before cesarean delivery. The maternal and fetal outcomes were also studied. <em>Results:</em> In 100 cases of placental, abruption by gross clinical examination of the placenta at the time operation revealed that, 33% were unpredictable. Placental abruption attributed to maternal complications included one case of total hysterectomy (1%) with no cases of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), shock or maternal death;specifically, this case of total hysterectomy appeared with predictable one. There were two cases of stillbirths. Among the 98 live neonates, 15 cases (14.7%) experienced severe birth asphyxia resulting in eight neonatal deaths;two of which were caused by heart disease and necrotizing enterocolitis. Sixty-three neonates were delivered prematurely (61.74%), with mean gestational age of 34.64 <span style="white-space:nowrap;">±</span> 3.32 weeks. Among the 33 unpredictable cases, there were no stillbirths but 60.6% and 12.1% experienced moderate and severe asphyxia, respectively. All unpredictable cases had obvious indications of cesarean section but the basic symptoms and signs of acute placental abruption included the onset of preterm labor, unspecified intrapartum hemorrhage, hypertonic uterine contractions and fetal distress for emergency caesarian section;however there were also cases where there were no symptoms and signs.<em> Conclusions: </em>Unpredictable placental abruption cases—not suspected of having abruption, termed—“concealed” or “chronic” placental abruption, may have variable clinical manifestations and better pregnancy outcomes.
文摘目的探讨妊娠11~14周孕妇血清中PAPP-A水平值在胎盘早剥中的预测价值,以及联合检测孕妇血清中CA125、TM水平对早期诊断胎盘早剥的临床价值。方法前瞻性选取2014年1月到2015年8月,孕11~14周时行Ⅰ期唐氏筛查的孕妇,孕周大于20周后有阴道出血、子宫体压痛、腰背痛、不明原因胎儿窘迫及宫缩过频、子宫张力过高等怀疑胎盘早剥的孕妇100例作为研究对象,产后检查是否有胎盘早剥再分为早剥组66例、无早剥组34例;同期选择在该院产检并正常分娩的100例孕妇为对照组,分别登记其PAPP-A值,并行CA125、TM检测,B超检查和产后胎盘检查,比较三组检测结果的差异。应用ROC曲线和约登指数评判各血清学指标在胎盘早剥诊断中的价值,并确定PAPP-A和TM相应的诊断界值。结果妊娠11~14周血清PAPP-A值,胎盘早剥组明显低于无胎盘早剥组和正常对照组（P〈0.05）,胎盘早剥组CA-125、TM水平明显高于无胎盘早剥组和正常对照组,均有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。将PAPP-A、TM作为检验变量得出诊断胎盘早剥的界值,PAPP-A〈2 028 m U/L、TM〉55μg/L时预测价值最高。结论妊娠11~14周低水平的血清PAPP-A值对胎盘早剥有预测作用;高水平的血清CA-125和高TM值对胎盘早剥的早期诊断具有较高的临床应用价值。
