Plackett-Burman Design联用Box-Behnken Design优化香菇酱的工艺

采用Plackett-Burman Design(PBD)与Box-Behnken Design(BBD)优化香菇酱的工艺条件,以获得其最佳制作工艺。在单因素试验基础上,通过PBD筛选出黄豆酱添加量、绵白糖添加量、酵母提取物添加量3个影响香菇酱感官评分的显著因素。采用BBD与主成分分析法对3个显著因素进行条件优化。确定香菇酱最佳工艺配方:以香菇100 g为基准,黄豆酱25%、植物油10%、盐10%、芝麻0.5%、酿造酱油1%、绵白糖4%、谷氨酸钠0.6%、酵母提取物4%、5-呈味核苷酸二钠0.03%、食用香精1%。规范化综合得分为0.968分,与预测值相近。PBD与BBD联合应用,为香菇酱的制作工艺提供一种新方法,既可快速筛选出显著因子,有效优化试验,又能避免浪费试验资源。

基于Plackett-Burman设计和响应面法优化枣花蜂蜜挥发性成分的萃取条件

为了提高蜂蜜中挥发性成分的顶空固相微萃取(head space-solid phase micro extraction,HS-SPME)效率,以便利用气相色谱-质谱联用仪(gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer,GC-MS)对其进行更精确的定性与定量分析,以枣花(Ziziphus jujuba Mill.)蜂蜜挥发性成分的色谱图总峰面积作为考察指标,采用Plackett-Burman(PB)设计和响应面(response surface methodology,RSM)对枣花蜂蜜的萃取条件(萃取温度、萃取时间、样品量、去离子水添加量、氯化钠添加量和搅拌速度)进行优化。结果发现,萃取温度、萃取时间和样品量对色谱图总峰面积影响显著。优化后的萃取条件为萃取温度68.5℃、萃取时间51.6 min、取样量5.1 g,在最优萃取条件下,色谱图总峰面积可达2.20×10^(9) mAU·min^(-1)。以上研究结果为蜂蜜中挥发性成分的进一步定性与定量分析提供一定的方法性指导。

Predictor−corrector inverse design scheme for property−composition prediction of amorphous alloys

In order to develop a generic framework capable of designing novel amorphous alloys with selected target properties,a predictor−corrector inverse design scheme(PCIDS)consisting of a predictor module and a corrector module was presented.A high-precision forward prediction model based on deep neural networks was developed to implement these two parts.Of utmost importance,domain knowledge-guided inverse design networks(DKIDNs)and regular inverse design networks(RIDNs)were also developed.The forward prediction model possesses a coefficient of determination(R^(2))of 0.990 for the shear modulus and 0.986 for the bulk modulus on the testing set.Furthermore,the DKIDNs model exhibits superior performance compared to the RIDNs model.It is finally demonstrated that PCIDS can efficiently predict amorphous alloy compositions with the required target properties.

Plackett-Burman联用Box-Behnken响应面法优选伤痛凝胶贴膏基质处方的研究

目的优选伤痛凝胶贴膏基质处方的配比。方法在单因素试验基础上,采用Plackett-Burman联用Box-Behnken响应面法,以感官评价、初黏力、持黏力作为伤痛凝胶贴膏的综合评价指标,优选伤痛凝胶贴膏基质处方。结果优选的伤痛凝胶贴膏基质处方为NP-7002.82 g,甘羟铝0.15 g,甘油11.02 g,PVPK902.50 g,高岭土0.50 g,酒石酸0.14 g。结论优选的伤痛凝胶贴膏有很好的黏性和成型性,顺应性好,便于临床推广使用。

Design Strategies Applied to Classroom's Daylight Design Optimization of Classrooms Design

This paper explains how the optimized classrooms were selected and the results that were achieved by the optimizations carried out and finalized.The context of the research is the city of Concepción,in Chile.Virtual models of classrooms were evaluated using the Radiance software.We used a methodology that allowed us to determine the luminous conditions under different types of skies,seasons of the year and times of the day.The evaluation of the typologies was performed based on three defined criteria,in order to achieve the stated design objectives.We defined the optimal solutions for each orientation and,finally,we stated design recommendations for daylit classrooms to ensure the visual comfort of the students.These recommendations link all that found in the initial analysis with that found in the optimization stage.

Design strategies and insights of flexible infrared optoelectronic sensors

Infrared optoelectronic sensing is the core of many critical applications such as night vision,health and medication,military,space exploration,etc.Further including mechanical flexibility as a new dimension enables novel features of adaptability and conformability,promising for developing next-generation optoelectronic sensory applications toward reduced size,weight,price,power consumption,and enhanced performance(SWaP^(3)).However,in this emerging research frontier,challenges persist in simultaneously achieving high infrared response and good mechanical deformability in devices and integrated systems.Therefore,we perform a comprehensive review of the design strategies and insights of flexible infrared optoelectronic sensors,including the fundamentals of infrared photodetectors,selection of materials and device architectures,fabrication techniques and design strategies,and the discussion of architectural and functional integration towards applications in wearable optoelectronics and advanced image sensing.Finally,this article offers insights into future directions to practically realize the ultra-high performance and smart sensors enabled by infrared-sensitive materials,covering challenges in materials development and device micro-/nanofabrication.Benchmarks for scaling these techniques across fabrication,performance,and integration are presented,alongside perspectives on potential applications in medication and health,biomimetic vision,and neuromorphic sensory systems,etc.

Seismic isolation design and resilience improvement of railway station considering the influence of near-fault pulse-like ground motions

To improve the resilience of railway stations,a typical station was selected as the research object,and an isolation design was introduced.Twenty-four groups of near-fault pulse-like ground motions were selected.The seismic resilience of the no-isolation railway stations(NIRS)and the isolation railway stations(IRS)were compared to provide a numerical result of the improvement in resilience.The results show that in the station isolation design,the station's functional requirements and structural characteristics should be considered and the appropriate placement of isolation bearings is under the waiting room.Under the action of a rare earthquake,the repair cost,repair time,rate of harm and death of the IRS were decreased by 8.04 million,18.30 days,6.93×10^(-3)and 1.21×10^(-3),respectively,when compared to the NIRS.The IRS received a seismic resilience grade of three-stars and the NIRS only one-star,indicating that rational isolation design improves the seismic resilience of stations.Thus,for the design of stations close to earthquake faults,it is suggested to utilize appropriate isolation techniques to improve their seismic resilience.

Plackett-Burman和Central Composite Design试验设计法优化石榴皮中熊果酸的SFE-CO_2萃取工艺

目的:探讨应用SFE-CO2萃取石榴皮中熊果酸的最佳工艺。方法:以熊果酸得率为考察指标,通过Plackett-Burman(PB)试验设计筛选影响熊果酸得率的显著性因素,最陡爬坡试验逼近熊果酸得率最大区域,Central Composite Design(CCD)试验设计对显著性因素进行响应面优化得到影响熊果酸得率的二阶数学模型,进而得出最佳工艺条件。结果:SFE-CO2萃取石榴皮中熊果酸的最佳工艺条件为:萃取温度46.29℃,萃取时间91.6 min,萃取压力34.49 MPa,在此条件下,验证试验测得熊果酸得率为12.508 mg/g,与模型预测值12.645 mg/g接近。结论:将PB试验和CCD试验设计联合应用于优化石榴皮中熊果酸SFE-CO2萃取工艺,筛选结果具有统计学意义,工艺操作具有可行性。

Optimization of phenol degradation by Candida tropicalis Z-04 using Plackett-Burman design and response surface methodology

Statistical experimental designs were used to optimize the process of phenol degradation by Candida tropicalis Z-04, isolated from phenol-degrading aerobic granules. The most important factors influencing phenol degradation （p 〈 0.05）, as identified by a two-level Plackett-Burman design with 11 variables, were yeast extract, phenol, inoculum size, and temperature. Steepest ascent method was undertaken to determine the optimal regions of these four significant factors. Central composite design （CCD） and response surface analysis were adopted to further investigate the mutual interactions between these variables and to identify their optimal values that would generate maximum phenol degradation. The analysis results indicated that interactions between yeast extract and temperature, phenol and temperature, inocuhim size and temperature affected the response variable （phenol degradation） significantly. The predicted results showed that the maximum removal efficiency of phenol （99.10%） could be obtained under the optimum conditions of yeast extract 0.41 g/L, phenol 1.03 g/L, inoculum size 1.43% （V/V） and temperature 30.04℃. These predicted values were further verified by validation experiments. The excellent correlation between predicted and experimental values confirmed the validity and practicability of this statistical optimum strategy. This study indicated the excellent ability of C. tropicalis Z-04 in degrading high-strength phenol. Optimal conditions obtained in this experiment laid a solid foundation for further use of this microorganism in the treatment of highstrength phenol effluents.

Plackett-Burman Design与均匀设计法优化玫瑰色微球菌固定化脱氮的性能

【目的】采用Plackett-Burman Design(PBD)与均匀设计(Uniform Design,UD)优化玫瑰色微球菌(Micrococcus roseus)固定化脱氮的条件,以提高其脱氮性能。【方法】选择聚乙烯醇(Polyvinyl alcohol,PVA)与海藻酸钠(Sodium alginate,SA)作为固定化细胞材料,研究其成球方式与性能,应用PBD对9个影响脱氮效果的因素进行显著性检验,筛选出PVA、SA、温度、菌液接种量、菌球量5个显著性因素(P<0.05)。采用UD对5个显著因素进行条件优化,优化数据通过Minitab与Matlab软件进行逐步回归分析,并建立二阶多项式模型。【结果】最优脱氮条件为PVA 9.6%、SA 2.2%、温度33.4°C、菌液接种量8%、菌球量500个/100 m L,连续脱氮72 h,最高脱氮率达到60.9%。【结论】PBD与UD的联合使用能够在显著因子筛选与寻优中发挥重要的作用。连续脱氮试验表明,玫瑰色微球菌去除氨氮主要通过同化、硝化与反硝化途径。

基于Altium Designer软件的电子控制技术中电路设计探究

在正常的电路设计方案中,需要软硬件的互相搭配使用,普通的电路运用收稿方式或简单的办公辅助软件来完成绘制,但在面对复杂情况下的电路,专业的EDA辅助设计软件作用可以显而易见,以该辅助软件设计如SCH(电路原理图)与PCB(印制电路板)文件方面的工作。电子控制技术中电路随着时代的进步而不断创新,新型器件的不断迭代更新,其中的电路设计也变得复杂且繁琐,传统的电路设计已无法胜任最新电路的完善和使用。此时运用AD16(Altium Designer)这款辅助设计软件进行电路设计就可以事半功倍,AD都是复杂电路设计中的高效工具。

水田动力底盘逆向建模与质心验证——基于Geomagic Design X

针对目前农业机械仿真和优化模型精度不高的问题,提出了一种构建精确模型的逆向建模方法。应用光学扫描仪采集点云数据,基于Geomagic Design X处理点云数据并重构零部件模型,在SolidWorks中完成水田动力底盘的装配。以VP6D-CQ型水田动力底盘为例,将测得的实际质心位置与所建的模型质心位置进行比较,并对提出的逆向建模方法进行了试验验证以及误差分析。结果表明:总质量、x坐标、y坐标、z坐标的误差值分别为4.55%、3.62%、2.23%、4.81%,误差值均在5%内。此方法可构建准确的三维模型,为后续仿真优化数据精确性奠定了基础,与传统的研发相比较,可缩短农业机械研发周期、降低设计成本。

Evaluation of Medium Components by Plackett-Burman Statistical Design for Lipase Production by Candida rugosa and Kinetic Modeling

Lipase production by Candida rugosa was carried out in submerged fermentation.Plackett-Burman statisticalexperimental design was applied to evaluate the fermentation medium components.The effect of twelve medium components was studied in sixteen experimental trials.Glucose,olive oil,peptone and FeCl3·6H2O were found to have more significance on lipase production by Candida rugosa.Maximum lipase activity of 3.8 u mL-1 was obtained at 50h of fermentation period.The fermentation was carried out at optimized temperature of 3℃,initial pH of 6.8 and shaking speed of 120 r/min.Unstructured kinetic models were used to simulate the experimental data.Logistic model,Luedeking-Piret model and modified Luedeking-Piret model were found suitable to efficiently predict the cell mass,lipase production and glucose consumption respectively with high determination coefficient(R2).From the estimated values of the Luedeking-Piret kinetic model parameters,α and β,it was found that the lipase production by Candida rugosa is growth associated.

App Designer辅助教学方法探索与实践——以软件无线电课程为例

软件无线电作为通信学科的必修课程,具有承上启下的重要作用。因课程原理抽象、理论公式复杂,学员在学习过程存在理解掌握难、实践应用难等问题。通过对当前软件无线电教学过程中存在的不足与困难进行分析,提出利用MATLAB App Designer辅助课程教学,从教学准备、课堂互动、自主实验、反馈提升四个方面开展课程教学改革。实践表明,该方法对于提升学员的工程思维、系统思维具有显著效果,同时可以增强学员理论联系实际的能力。

Alloy design for laser powder bed fusion additive manufacturing:a critical review

Metal additive manufacturing(AM)has been extensively studied in recent decades.Despite the significant progress achieved in manufacturing complex shapes and structures,challenges such as severe cracking when using existing alloys for laser powder bed fusion(L-PBF)AM have persisted.These challenges arise because commercial alloys are primarily designed for conventional casting or forging processes,overlooking the fast cooling rates,steep temperature gradients and multiple thermal cycles of L-PBF.To address this,there is an urgent need to develop novel alloys specifically tailored for L-PBF technologies.This review provides a comprehensive summary of the strategies employed in alloy design for L-PBF.It aims to guide future research on designing novel alloys dedicated to L-PBF instead of adapting existing alloys.The review begins by discussing the features of the L-PBF processes,focusing on rapid solidification and intrinsic heat treatment.Next,the printability of the four main existing alloys(Fe-,Ni-,Al-and Ti-based alloys)is critically assessed,with a comparison of their conventional weldability.It was found that the weldability criteria are not always applicable in estimating printability.Furthermore,the review presents recent advances in alloy development and associated strategies,categorizing them into crack mitigation-oriented,microstructure manipulation-oriented and machine learning-assisted approaches.Lastly,an outlook and suggestions are given to highlight the issues that need to be addressed in future work.

Web Layout Design of Large Cavity Structures Based on Topology Optimization

Large cavity structures are widely employed in aerospace engineering, such as thin-walled cylinders, blades andwings. Enhancing performance of aerial vehicles while reducing manufacturing costs and fuel consumptionhas become a focal point for contemporary researchers. Therefore, this paper aims to investigate the topologyoptimization of large cavity structures as a means to enhance their performance, safety, and efficiency. By usingthe variable density method, lightweight design is achieved without compromising structural strength. Theoptimization model considers both concentrated and distributed loads, and utilizes techniques like sensitivityfiltering and projection to obtain a robust optimized configuration. The mechanical properties are checked bycomparing the stress distribution and displacement of the unoptimized and optimized structures under the sameload. The results confirm that the optimized structures exhibit improved mechanical properties, thus offering keyinsights for engineering lightweight, high-strength large cavity structures.

Plackett-Burman和Box-Behnken试验优化莫海威芽孢杆菌HXS-LV12产纤维素酶发酵工艺

本试验以莫海威芽孢杆菌HXS-LV12为研究对象,优化其发酵产纤维素酶工艺。首先,通过单因素试验对其发酵工艺(碳源种类、碳源质量浓度、氮源种类、氮源质量浓度、无机盐种类、无机盐质量浓度、转速、接种量、发酵时间、初始pH和发酵温度)进行初步优化,然后通过Plackett-Burman试验,筛选出3个显著影响HXS-LV12产纤维素酶的因素,再利用最陡爬坡试验确定其产纤维素酶的最大响应区域,然后通过Box-Behnken试验确定其最优产纤维素酶工艺。优化工艺条件为羧甲基纤维素钠(CMC-Na)质量浓度32.9 g/L,酵母浸粉(YEP)质量浓度17.6 g/L,磷酸氢二钾质量浓度5.7 g/L,转速190 r/min,接种量6.5%,发酵时间24.0 h,初始pH 7.0,发酵温度33.0℃。在此培养条件下,HXS-LV12产纤维素酶活力达到(40.53±0.43)U/mL,是优化前的2.05倍。

Design Principles and Mechanistic Understandings of Non-Noble-Metal Bifunctional Electrocatalysts for Zinc-Air Batteries

Zinc-air batteries(ZABs)are promising energy storage systems because of high theoretical energy density,safety,low cost,and abundance of zinc.However,the slow multi-step reaction of oxygen and heavy reliance on noble-metal catalysts hinder the practical applications of ZABs.Therefore,feasible and advanced non-noble-metal elec-trocatalysts for air cathodes need to be identified to promote the oxygen catalytic reaction.In this review,we initially introduced the advancement of ZABs in the past two decades and provided an overview of key developments in this field.Then,we discussed the work-ing mechanism and the design of bifunctional electrocatalysts from the perspective of morphology design,crystal structure tuning,interface strategy,and atomic engineering.We also included theoretical studies,machine learning,and advanced characterization technologies to provide a comprehensive understanding of the structure-performance relationship of electrocatalysts and the reaction pathways of the oxygen redox reactions.Finally,we discussed the challenges and prospects related to designing advanced non-noble-metal bifunctional electrocatalysts for ZABs.

Accelerated design of high-performance Mg-Mn-based magnesium alloys based on novel bayesian optimization

Magnesium(Mg),being the lightest structural metal,holds immense potential for widespread applications in various fields.The development of high-performance and cost-effective Mg alloys is crucial to further advancing their commercial utilization.With the rapid advancement of machine learning(ML)technology in recent years,the“data-driven''approach for alloy design has provided new perspectives and opportunities for enhancing the performance of Mg alloys.This paper introduces a novel regression-based Bayesian optimization active learning model(RBOALM)for the development of high-performance Mg-Mn-based wrought alloys.RBOALM employs active learning to automatically explore optimal alloy compositions and process parameters within predefined ranges,facilitating the discovery of superior alloy combinations.This model further integrates pre-established regression models as surrogate functions in Bayesian optimization,significantly enhancing the precision of the design process.Leveraging RBOALM,several new high-performance alloys have been successfully designed and prepared.Notably,after mechanical property testing of the designed alloys,the Mg-2.1Zn-2.0Mn-0.5Sn-0.1Ca alloy demonstrates exceptional mechanical properties,including an ultimate tensile strength of 406 MPa,a yield strength of 287 MPa,and a 23%fracture elongation.Furthermore,the Mg-2.7Mn-0.5Al-0.1Ca alloy exhibits an ultimate tensile strength of 211 MPa,coupled with a remarkable 41%fracture elongation.

Plackett-Burman设计结合Box-Behnken响应面法筛选草乌甲素纳米乳凝胶贴膏的处方

目的优化草乌甲素纳米乳凝胶贴膏基质的处方。方法在Plackett-Burman设计、最陡爬坡实验的基础上,以甘油、酒石酸、纯化水用量作为变量,以初黏力、持黏力、感官评价的综合评分为评价指标,用Box-Behnken响应面法优化草乌甲素纳米乳凝胶贴膏基质的处方。结果最优处方为甘油用量40.877 g,酒石酸用量0.294 g,纯化水用量42.491 g,综合评分为94.937分。结论建立的方法稳定、可靠、预测性能优良,此方法可用于优化草乌甲素纳米乳凝胶贴膏基质的处方。