Translation Strategies of Red Tourism Terms in the Central Plains-Taking Red Central Plains as an Example

In recent years,the Red Tourism in Central Plains has gradually become a new type of thematic tourism form,which is an important carrier to carry out patriotism and revolutionary traditional education and carry forward the national spirit.The translation of red tourism publicity is an important window for spreading Chinese culture,and the translation of professional terms is an important link in the red tourism publicity.How to spread the red culture of the Central Plains,glow the charm of the Central Plains culture,enhance the influence of the Central Plains culture,and spread the Central Plains culture to the world has become the mission of every child of the Central Plains.This paper adopts the case analysis method,combined with the specific and typical cases in“Red Central Plains”,and uses different translation strategies and methods to explore the difficulties and solutions of the translation of terms in the red tourism text.

Great Plains公司采用亚麻荠生产航空生物燃料

继最近成功使用亚麻荠生产航空生物燃料之后,美国两大亚麻荠生产公司于2010年1月23日表示,将实施大型航空生物燃料项目。在美国,Great Plains公司将与BioJet公司合作,采用亚麻荠生产航空生物燃料。

Development Plan for Under- forest Economy of Henan Province Based on Central Plains Economic Region

Firstly,this paper analyzed current situations,major practice and existing problems of under-forest economy in Henan Province.Then,it made an in-depth discussion of guiding thought,principle and objectives,construction task and safeguarding measures of the underforest economic development plan. Besides,it analyzed benefits of the under-forest economic development plan. By 2017,the area of underforest economic land will reach 1. 60 million hm2,create output value of 155. 2 billion yuan( accounting for more than 20% of forest output value),provide 3. 27 million jobs,and will greatly increase ecological carrying capacity of construction and development of the Central Plains Economic Region( CPER).

The Palaeoclimate Variations in the Central Plains Since the Interstade of the Last Glacial Stage

Through the study of a high-resolution loess record in the Central Plains, the short—term palaeoclimatic variations since the interstade of the last glacial stage have been discussed in this paper. The palaeoclimate in the East Asian monsoon areas shows different variation patterns in summer and winter. A correlation of the palaeomonsoon records of loess with the δ18O records of the ice core and deep sea is made, and some of the causes for their differences are also discussed.

Drought and Associated Impacts in the Great Plains of the United States—A Review

The Great Plains region of the United States is susceptible to drought of all kinds including meteorological/climatological, agricultural, hydrological, and socioeconomic. Drought conditions in the region span varying spatial and temporal scales and the causes include: 1) certain synoptic conditions that favor drought such as mid-tropospheric ridging over the drought-affected area and a weak low-level jet;2) sea surface temperature anomalies and associated teleconnections;3) land-atmosphere coupling;and 4) anthropogenic effects. While drought can span as few as a couple of months, the most severe droughts can occur at the decadal scale such as the 1930s Dust Bowl, the worst drought in recent history from a societal standpoint. Such droughts in the Great Plains have widespread impacts on agriculture, water resources, human health, and the economy.

Growth and Yield of Guar (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba L.) Genotypes under Different Planting Dates in the Semi-Arid Southern High Plains

Guar is a drought and salt tolerant summer annual legume, which could be a potential alternative crop in the semi-arid Southern High Plains. Increased use of guar gum in oil industries has increased the demand of guar globally. Planting date effects on stand establishment, physiological parameters, and yield formation of guar genotypes were investigated at the New Mexico State University’s Agricultural Science Center at Clovis, NM for two seasons (2014 and 2015). Four guar genotypes (HES 1123, Kinman, Lewis, and Matador) were tested under three planting dates (June 18, July 7, and July 22 in 2014;and June 18, July 6, and July 20 in 2015). Higher temperature and rainfall were recorded under mid-June planting than early-July and late-July plantings. Guar planted under mid-June had better stand establishment as shown by the higher number of plants m-2, better physiology as revealed by higher photosynthetic rate (Pn), transpiration rate (Tr), leaf area index (LAI), and SPAD values than early-July and late-July plantings. Guar planted under mid-June resulted in taller plants, and therefore, produced higher plant biomass than both of the July plantings. Yield attributing characteristics including clusters plant-1, pods plant-1, seeds plant-1, seed spod-1, 1000 seed weight, and harvest index (HI) were highest under mid-June planting followed by the early-July and late-July plantings, respectively. The mid-June planting increased seed yield by 26% and 55% over early-July and late-July (1399 vs. 1111 and 903 kg·ha-1) plantings, respectively in 2014;while the same increase in 2015 was 51% and 243% (1308 vs. 868 and 381 kg·ha-1), respectively. These results indicate that delaying planting beyond mid-June is detrimental to guar productivity. However, genotypes did not show any significant variation in their performance. Overall, warmer growing conditions and more precipitation under mid-June planting caused better growth and yield formation of guar genotypes.

Water use, growth and yield of green gram under rainfed upland crop sequences in Gangetic Plains of Indian sub-tropics

A field experiment was conducted to study the effect of different crop sequences on water use, growth and yield of green gram (Vigna radiate (L) Wilezek) during 1992–93 and 1993–94 under rainfed upland condition in Indo-Gangetic plains of West Bengal. Green gram sown in the month of March as pre-rainy (summer) season crop, as and when the winter crops vacated the land, produced highest dry matter of 372 gm-2 which was significantly highest in black gram-yellow sarson sequence. The results of the field experimentation revealed that green gram gave highest grain yield to the extent of 10.80 q/ha when sown after black gram (rainy season) followed by yellow sarson (winter season) while the crop produced 10.63 q/ha under sesame-yellow sarson sequence. Highest water use of 267 mm was achieved in green gram under black gram-yellow sarson sequence and the crop gave water use efficiency of 4.07 kg ha-1mm-1 under black gram-yellow sarson sequences.

Spatio-temporal Evolution of Urban Expansion Based on a Novel Adjusted Index and GEE: A Case Study of Central Plains Urban Agglomeration, China

It is crucial to investigate the urban agglomerations spatio-temporal evolution patterns and driving factors for analyzing the urban spatial structure-functional division and promoting the coordinated development of urban agglomerations.In this study,a novel vegetation-building-nighttime light-adjusted index(VBNAI)was established for rapid and effective mapping of urban construction land(UCL)in Central Plains Urban Agglomeration(CPUA),China during 2000–2020 based on Google Earth Engine(GEE)platform.Compared with traditional indices,VBNAI can significantly decrease the blooming effect,Normalized Difference Vegetation Index(NDVI)saturation,and soil background of nighttime light data.In addition,the urban expansion indices and standard deviation ellipse model were synthetically adopted to analyze the spatio-temporal evolution pattern of urban expansion.The gravity model and the geographically weighted regression model were employed to determine the spatial interaction forces and drivers of urban expansion,respectively.The results showed that the VBNAI index has obvious advantages in efficiency and accuracy to extract UCL with the overall accuracy of more than 91%.The UCL of CPUA had increased by 4489.84 km2 during 2000–2020 with the gravity center moving towards southeast continuously.From 2000 to 2010,the urban expansion was in a‘center-hinterland’pattern which had benefit from the favorable effect of the traffic shaft belt.During 2010–2020,the urban network structure had basically established.Urban expansion had been influenced by a variety of socio-economic and demographic factors,and the impact degree varied from region to region.This study could provide scientific references for facilitating the intensive utilization of urban resources and optimizing the spatial development pattern of urban agglomeration.

IMPACTS OF SEA LEVEL RISE ON MAJOR PROJECTS AND URBAN DEVELOPMENT IN CHINA'S COASTAL PLAINS

Due to the dual dris oftural and man-made factors, relative sea leverise in China's coastal plains can be 2 to 3 times over the global mean dunng thefirst half of the 21st Century, it will strongly whuence the vanous coastal projectsand installations and the development of coastal dhes and towns. Research resultsshow that a 50-cm-nse in relative sea leve will cause maed decline in the functionof coastal defense and drainage projects and seriously endangur the functionalworking of the vast majority of coastal harbors. Meanwhile, it will also whuence thedevelopment of coastal dhes and towns throwi deterioratin water quality of thesource of urban water supply, increasing urban fiood risk and damagin seasidetounst resources etc.. Tianin, Shanghai and Guangzhou, the three most importancoastal dhes of China, will be Strongly affeded.

Study on Regional Image of Henan Province against the Background of Central Plains Rising

Relevant theories of regional image were elaborated, and significance of regional image for the development of Henan Province was analyzed. On the basis of characteristic cultural resources in the local area, the ways of building regional image of Henan were explored from the perspectives of orientation of cultural characteristics, regional image identification system and regional image evaluation.

Evaluation on Emergency Ability of Agricultural Envrironmental Pollution Incident in Central Plains Economic Zone

Abstract The level of emergency ability directly reflects response effect of an area to emergency. Taking Central Plains Economic Zone as re- search object, by documents retrieval, field survey, mechanism analysis and logical reasoning, evaluation index system for emergency ability of ag- ricultural environmental pollution incident was established, which included 5 first grade indexes, 19 second grade indexes and 53 third grade inde- xes. By mechanism analysis and mathematical derivation, evaluation model for emergency ability of agricultural environmental pollution incident： I =m∑i=1∑j=1Pij, On this basis, four prefecture-level cities （A, B, C and D） of Central Plains Economic Zone were evaluated by using the index system and the evaluated model. The research could provide important theoretical reference for emergency ability construction of agricultural environmental pol- lution incident in Central Plains Economic Zone.

Integration of GIS and F-Hydra Model for Aquifer Vulnerability Monitoring in the Afram Plains, Ghana

Aquifer vulnerability is a critical issue across the entire globe due to the depletion of groundwater and escalation of pollution levels, which poses a detrimental effect on the natural environment. To ascertain this contamination risk, an extensive study has been conducted to assess the aquifer vulnerability by using the F-hydra model. This paper presents the vulnerability technique for the theory and application of flow accumulation, land-use and hydraulic conductivity. The model was applied to a shallow aquifer in eastern Ghana’s Volta River Basin, with the results being compared to the standardised DRASTIC model. The model follows the aquifer vulnerability assessment concept of the source pathway receptor where flow accumulation represents the ponding areas with downward percolation of contaminant to the water table, land-use represents the human activities at the land surface, and hydraulic conductivity represents the driving force leading to the movement of contaminant. The results reveal that the moderate vulnerability region covers 51.55% (2598.12 km2) of the entire area. The high and low vulnerability regions cover a significant percentage of the area 1.13% (56.52 km2) and 47.32% (2384.93 km2), respectively. The final vulnerability index was largely influenced by the removal of the hydraulic conductivity and land-use parameters. The model was validated with nitrate concentration in drilled wells in the study area. The maps produced in this study could be utilised as a guide to vulnerability by policymakers, groundwater manager and planners aimed at preserving the integrity of this vulnerable resource.

Spatial Heterogeneity Analysis of PM2.5 Concentration in Central Plains Economic Region

The research of the spatial heterogeneity of PM2.5 concentration in an area, is of great significance for understanding its regional spatial distribution structure, exploring the transmission relationship between regions, in order to formulate joint prevention and control measures within the entire area. Based on the daily monitoring data of PM2.5 concentration in the Central Plains Economic Region in 2019, this paper utilizes cluster analysis to divide the regional PM2.5 concentration into 5 classes, builds their spatial semi-variogram model, and then utilizes interpolation analysis method to study the regional overall distribution characteristics and transmission law. The results show that the PM2.5 concentration in the Central Plains Economic Region has a medium or higher spatial autocorrelation. The critical value of the overall PM2.5 concentration in the area is 150 μg/m3, as the overall PM2.5 concentration less than the value, the PM2.5 in a region mainly comes from local emissions, as the overall PM2.5 concentration higher than the value, the influence of spatial structure on the distribution of PM2.5 concentration is gradually obvious. PM2.5 has a certain degree of spatial transmission, which mainly includes two routes as Puyang-Xingtai and Puyang-Zhengzhou, and the transmission intensity of the former is greater than the latter.

Does Climatic Variability Influence Agricultural Land Prices under Differing Uses? The Texas High Plains Case

The Texas High Plains faces projections of increasing temperature and declining precipitation in the future on account of its semi-arid climate. This research evaluated the impact of climatic variability on agricultural land prices under different land uses in the Texas High Plains, employing the Ricardian approach of land climate pricing over a study period of 1991-2011. The results indicate that climatic variability had a greater impact on irrigated land prices as compared to dryland and ranchland. This study could be instrumental in predictive market analyses of rural land values in semi-arid economies which are vulnerable to future climate change.

Land Suitability Evaluation for Oil Palm (<i>Elaeis guineensis</i>Jacq.) in Coastal Plains of Southwest Cameroon

Declining yields in oil palm fresh fruit bunch (FFB) have been recorded over the past years in the coastal lowlands of southwest Cameroon and current actual yields are very low (<12 t FFB ha−1•yr−1) compared to the potential yields (25 t FFB ha−1•yr−1). One of the problems limiting optimum oil palm production is lack of detailed pedological information to guide plantation establishment and management. A land suitability evaluation was carried out for some major oil palm producing areas of southwest Cameroon to identify land qualities limiting optimal production. Thirteen sites (9 with sedimentary parent materials and 4 with volcanic parent material) were evaluated using a parametric method. Results indicate that climate was not a major limiting factor for oil palm production in coastal plains of southwest Cameroon. However, soil physical characteristics (mainly clayey texture and poor drainage) and soil fertility constitute limitations to oil palm production. Specifically, limitations in cation exchange capacity (CEC), base saturation (BS), organic carbon (OC) and pH were slight to moderate while K mole fraction was the most severe and the most limiting in all the sites. The fertility limitations were more pronounced in soils derived from sedimentary parent materials where 33% had limitations caused by soil pH and OC compared to none for volcanic soils. In addition, 77.8% of sedimentary soils had limitations caused by CEC compared to 25% for volcanic soils. Considering the overall suitability, soils derived from volcanic parent materials were potentially more suitable for oil palm cultivation ((S3)—50%, (S2)—50%) compared to sedimentary soils ((N)—11%, (S3)—78% and (S2)—11%). Based on the suitability classes of the different soils derived from dissimilar parent materials, appropriate site-specific soil management is needed to improve oil palm yields, especially with emphasis on K fertilization and improved soil water management. Plantation management in coastal plains of South West Cameroon therefore should factor in differences in soil parent material.

Seasonal Inhomogeneity of Soot Particles over the Central Indo-Gangetic Plains,India:Influence of Meteorology

Black carbon（BC） particles play a unique and important role in earth’s climate system.BC was measured（in-situ） in the central part of the Indo-Gangetic Plains（IGP） at Varanasi,which is a highly populated and polluted region due to its topography and extensive emission sources.The annual mean BC mass concentration was 8.92 ± 7.0 μg m-3,with 34%of samples exceeding the average value.Seasonally,BC was highest during the post-monsoon and winter periods（approximately 18 μg m-3） and lower in the premonsoon/monsoon seasons（approximately 6 μg m-3）.The highest frequency（approximately 46%） observed for BC mass was in the interval from 5 to 10 μg m-3.However,during the post-monsoon season,the most common values（approximately 23%） were between 20 and 25 μg m-3.The nighttime concentrations of BC were approximately twice as much as the daytime values because of lower boundary layer heights at nighttime.The Angstrom exponent was significantly positively correlated（0.55） with ground-level BC concentrations,indicating the impact of BC on the columnar aerosol properties.The estimated mean absorption Angstrom exponent was 1.02 ± 0.08 μg m-3,indicating that the major source of BC was from fossil fuel combustion.Significant negative correlations between BC mass and meteorological parameters indicate a pronounced effect of atmospheric dynamics on the BC mass in this region.The highest mean BC mass concentration（18.1 ± 6.9 μg m-3） as a function of wind speed was under calm wind conditions（38%of the time）.

Discovery of gas-discharged pits(gas pit)in the plains of the Yellow River delta

A kind of special sedimentary structures are developed in the overwater plains of the Yellow River delta. They look like funnels: round or nearly round, concave of pit-like, with a diameter ranging from several centimeters to 20 or 30 cm, and depth from several millimeters to over 20 cm. There is a vertical pipe (called gas discharging conduit) in the center, with a diameter of several millimeters to 1 cm, depth of several centimeters to more than 10 cm. There may be a lip-like relief (called 'lip-like relief') on the periphery or some parts of the periphery, with ring structures showing horizontal stratification on the inner margin. Plant debris carbonized, plant fragments or dark-colored minerals may sometimes be found in the center of the pits. Such structures are usually developed in silt (with minor clay laminations), often underlain by one or more thin layers of mud matter. Our studies find that they are genetically related with gas discharging of organic matter during biological degradation.

Compositional evolution of lava plains in the Syria-Thaumasia Block,Mars

Tharsis is the most prominent volcanic province on Mars,yet the compositions of lava flows and how composition relates to the development of Tharsis are poorly known.Most of Tharsis is covered with air-fall dust,which inhibits spectroscopic determination of lava mineralogy.The Syria-Thaumasia Block(STB)is a complex tectono-volcanic province closely related to the Tharsis bulge.The lava plains of STB have different emplacement ages,which provide an opportunity to examine whether magma composition changed with the evolution of Tharsis.In this study,we assessed the lava plains using Thermal Emission Spectrometer(TES)data.Using derived physical properties,we targeted dust-free regions from four different-aged geological units'surfaces and determined the mineralogical composition by modeling the average TES surface spectrum from each of the four surfaces.All units have similar mineralogy but the younger two units have elevated abundance of high-SiO2phases.The spatial distribution of wrinkle ridges indicates lava plains of unit HNr(older ridged plains material)and Hr(younger ridged plains material)were emplaced before the rise of Tharsis,whereas Hsl(flows of lower member)and Hsu(upper member)were emplaced after Tharsis uplift was initiated.We show that the magma composition differed in the lava plains of STB after the uplift of Tharsis.This study further characterizes early martian magma composition and evolution.

Land tenure and landscape change:a comparison of public-private lands in the southern High Plains

Introduction:Long-term drought in the southern Great Plains increases the vulnerability of coupled human-environment systems at a variety of scales.Developing better understandings of the dynamics at regional scales will become increasingly important as long-established land-use regimes break down in the face of climate change,resource depletion,and evolving governance.To demonstrate differential vulnerability during drought periods,this study hypothesized that observed increases in woody vegetation in grasslands would vary across land-tenure regimes.We argue that differences in State Trust Land governance,in part,lead to differential land management practices that contribute to landscape change.Methods:The study area encompasses adjacent counties,Cimarron County in Oklahoma and Union County in New Mexico,with similar climate variability and agricultural economies.We analyzed National Land Cover Database(NLCD)land-cover maps from 1992 and 2011 to assess changes in landscape composition and structure between 1992 and 2011.Results:During both years under consideration,each county in the study region,across various land-tenure regimes,was dominated by herbaceous vegetation.However,there were changes in both composition and structure across the whole study area,in particular losses of herbaceous vegetation and increases in woody vegetation.The greatest gains in woody vegetation occurred in State Trust Lands of Cimarron County.Overall,the data suggest a fragmentation of herbaceous vegetation and a coalescing of shrubland patches.Conclusions:Research about the influence of land tenure on land management decisions,specifically the role of State Trust Land leases in overgrazing,informs the broader context of drought management in the southern Great Plains.Recommendations include continued research to highlight the specific mechanisms of land-tenure governance that drive landscape change.