Local Path Planning and Tracking Control of Vehicle Collision Avoidance System

Automotive collision avoidance technology can effectively avoid the accidents caused by dangerous traffic conditions or driver's manipulation errors.Moreover,it can promote the development of autonomous driving for intelligent vehicle in intelligent transportation.We present a collision avoidance system,which is composed of an evasive trajectory planner and a path following controller.Considering the stability of the vehicle in the conflict-free process,the evasive trajectory planner is designed by polynomial parametric method and optimized by genetic algorithm.The path following controller is proposed to make the car drive along the designed path by controlling the vehicle's lateral movement.Simulation results show that the vehicle with the proposed controller has good stability in the collision process,and it can ensure the vehicle driving in accordance with the planned trajectory at different speeds.The research results can provide a certain basis for the research and development of automotive collision avoidance technology.

Tracking Control for a Cushion Robot Based on Fuzzy Path Planning With Safe Angular Velocity

This study proposes a new nonlinear tracking control method with safe angular velocity constraints for a cushion robot. A fuzzy path planning algorithm is investigated and a realtime desired motion path of obstacle avoidance is obtained. The angular velocity is constrained by the controller, so the planned path guarantees the safety of users. According to Lyapunov theory, the controller is designed to maintain stability in terms of solutions of linear matrix inequalities and the controller's performance with safe angular velocity constraints is derived.The simulation and experiment results confirm the effectiveness of the proposed method and verify that the angular velocity of the cushion robot provided safe motion with obstacle avoidance.

Sensor planning method for visual tracking in 3D camera networks

Most sensors or cameras discussed in the sensor network community are usually 3D homogeneous, even though their2 D coverage areas in the ground plane are heterogeneous. Meanwhile, observed objects of camera networks are usually simplified as 2D points in previous literature. However in actual application scenes, not only cameras are always heterogeneous with different height and action radiuses, but also the observed objects are with 3D features（i.e., height）. This paper presents a sensor planning formulation addressing the efficiency enhancement of visual tracking in 3D heterogeneous camera networks that track and detect people traversing a region. The problem of sensor planning consists of three issues：（i） how to model the 3D heterogeneous cameras;（ii） how to rank the visibility, which ensures that the object of interest is visible in a camera＇s field of view;（iii） how to reconfigure the 3D viewing orientations of the cameras. This paper studies the geometric properties of 3D heterogeneous camera networks and addresses an evaluation formulation to rank the visibility of observed objects. Then a sensor planning method is proposed to improve the efficiency of visual tracking. Finally, the numerical results show that the proposed method can improve the tracking performance of the system compared to the conventional strategies.

Real-time accurate hand path tracking and joint trajectory planning for industrial robots(Ⅰ)

Previously, researchers raised the accuracy for a robot′s hand to track a specified path in Car-tesian space mainly through increasing the number of knots on the path and the number of the path′s segments, which results in the heavier online computational burden for the robot controller. Aiming at overcoming this drawback, the authors propose a new kind of real-time accurate hand path tracking and joint trajectory planning method. Through selecting some extra knots on the specified hand path by a certain rule and introducing a sinusoidal function to the joint displacement equation of each segment, this method can greatly raise the path tracking accuracy of robot′s hand and does not change the number of the path′s segments. It also does not increase markedly the computational burden of robot controller. The result of simulation indicates that this method is very effective, and has important value in increasing the application of industrial robots.

Preliminary Investigation on Tracking Evaluation of Planning Environmental Impact Assessment in Ecological Civilization Construction of Wuhan City

On the basis of experimental works of planning environmental impact assessment, works of planning environmental impact assessment such as each of the city＇s special planning and development zone planning were comprehensively promoted in Wuhan City, which effectively promoted the adjustment of Wuhan industrial structure, the rational layout of functions and the efficient utilization of resources, and laid a solid foundation for Wuhan City to be the supporting point for the rise of central China. Here, the work carried out in Wuhan was reviewed, combined with the new requirements of the current ecological civilization construction in Wuhan City, and the framework, the key technical points and the important focuses of the carrying out of the tracking evaluation of planning environmental impact assessment were proposed.

Real-time accurate hand path tracking and joint trajectory planning for industrial robots(Ⅱ)

Previously, researchers raised the accuracy for a robot′s hand to track a specified path in Cartesian space mainly through increasing the number of knots on the path and the segments of the path. But, this method resulted in the heavier on line computational burden for the robot controller. In this paper, aiming at this drawback, the authors propose a new kind of real time accurate hand path tracking and joint trajectory planning method for robots. Through selecting some extra knots on the specified hand path by a certain rule, which enables the number of knots on each segment to increase from two to four, and through introducing a sinusoidal function and a cosinoidal function to the joint displacement equation of each segment, this method can raise the path tracking accuracy of robot′s hand greatly but does not increase the computational burden of robot controller markedly.

Control System Design for an Unmanned Helicopter to Track a Ground Target

Due to potential wide applications,the problem of utilizing an unmanned helicopter to track a ground target has become one of the most active research directions in related areas.However,in most cases,it is possible for a dynamic target to implement evasive actions with strong maneuverability,such as a sudden turn during high-speed movement,to flee from the tracker,which then brings much difficulty for the design of tracking control systems.Currently,most research on this field focuses on utilizing a ground mobile robot to track a high-speed target.Unfortunately,it is very difficult to extend those developed methods to airborne applications due to much more complex dynamices of UAV-target relative motion.This study investiages thoroughly for the problem of using an unmanned helicopter to track a ground target,with particular emphasis on the avoidance of tracking failure caused by the evasive maneuvers of dynamic targets.Specifically,a novel control scheme,which consists of an innovative target tracking controller and a classical flight controller,is proposed for the helicopter-target tracking problem.Wherein,the tracking controller,whose design is the focus of the paper,aims to utilize the motion information of the helicopter and the dynamic target to construct a suitable trajectory for the helicopter,so that when it flies along this trajectory,the relative pose between the helicopter and the dynamic target will be kept consant.When designing the target tracking controller,a novel coordinate transformation is firstly introduced to convert the tracking system into a more compact form convenient for control law design,the desired velocities for the helicopter is then proposed with consideration of the dynamic constraint.The stability of the closed-loop system is finally analyzed by Lyapunov techniques.Based on Matlab/Simulink environment,two groups of simulation are conducted for the helicopter-target tracking control system where the target moves along a linear path and takes a sudden turn during high-speed movement,respectively.As shown by the simulation results,both the distance error and the pointing error are bounded during the tracking process,and they are convergent to zero when the target moves straightly.Moreover,the tracking performance can be adjusted properly to avoid tracking failure due to evasive maneuvers of the target,so as to guarantee superior tracking performance for all kinds of dynamic targets.

Modeling of UAV path planning based on IMM under POMDP framework

In order to enhance the capability of tracking targets autonomously of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), the partially observable Markov decision process (POMDP) model for UAV path planning is established based on the POMDP framework. The elements of the POMDP model are analyzed and described. The state transfer law in the model can be described by the method of interactive multiple model (IMM) due to the diversity of the target motion law, which is used to switch the motion model to accommodate target maneuvers, and hence improving the tracking accuracy. The simulation results show that the model can achieve efficient planning for the UAV route, and effective tracking for the target. Furthermore, the path planned by this model is more reasonable and efficient than that by using the single state transition law.

Jaw tracking模式下不同铅门阈值对鼻咽癌VMAT计划的剂量学和计划复杂度分析

目的分析不同的铅门阈值对鼻咽癌容积旋转调强放疗(Volumetric Modulated Arc Therapy,VMAT)计划剂量学和复杂度的影响。方法采用Eclipse v13.5对15例鼻咽癌患者进行回顾性分析,每例患者制定4组VMAT计划(T-Half组、T1组、T2组和T-All组),其中T-Half组铅门采用半铅门技术,T1组铅门宽度15 cm,T2组铅门宽度18 cm,T-All组采用全铅门技术。评估4组计划剂量学结果及射束孔不规则度(Aperture Irregularity,AI)、调制复杂度因子(Modulation Complexity Score,MCS)、平均叶片运动路径(Average Leaf Trajectory,ALT)和机器跳数(Monitor Units,MU)。结果T-Half组肿瘤中危亚临床靶区(PCTV_(p2))的均匀指数(Homogeneity Index,HI)和V_(60)与T1组比较差异显著(P<0.05),T2组计划肿瘤靶区(PGTV_(69))的适形指数(Conformity Index,CI)、HI和PCTV_(p2)的V_(60)与T1组比较差异显著(P<0.05);脊髓的D_(max),双侧腮腺、喉和口腔的V_(30)及D_(mean)差异显著(P<0.05)。T-All组PGTV_(69)的CI、HI和D_(mean),肿瘤原发灶高危亚临床靶区(PCTV_(p1))的HI和PCTV_(p2)的V_(60)差异显著(P<0.05),双侧腮腺、脊髓D_(max)、喉和口腔的V_(30)与D_(mean)呈现显著差异(P<0.05)。4组计划AI无明显变化。随着铅门阈值增加,4组计划的MCS、ALT和MU总体呈现下降趋势,且随着铅门阈值增加,大面积射束孔占比也随之增加。结论半铅门模式并未改善靶区剂量学结果,但显著增加了计划MU。18 cm(T2)与全铅门模式降低了计划复杂度,但危及器官受照剂量显著增加,综合考虑计划质量与复杂度结果,铅门阈值为15 cm能满足鼻咽癌容积计划要求。

智能采煤机器人关键技术

采煤机是综采工作面的核心装备,研发智能采煤机器人是实现综采工作面智能化的关键。综合分析当前采煤机机器人化研究进程中的传感检测、位姿控制、速度控制、截割轨迹规划与跟踪控制等技术的研究现状,提出研发智能采煤机器人必须破解的“智能感知、位姿控制、速度控制、截割轨迹规划与跟踪控制、位-姿-速协同控制”五大关键技术,并给出解决方案。针对智能感知问题,提出了构建智能感知系统思路,给出了智能采煤机器人智能感知系统的架构,实现对运行状态、位姿、环境等全面感知,为智能采煤机器人安全、可靠运行提供保障;针对位姿控制问题,提出了智能PID位姿控制思路,给出了改进遗传算法的PID位姿控制方法,实现了智能采煤机器人位姿精准控制;针对速度控制问题,提出了融合“力-电”异构数据的截割载荷测量思路,给出了基于神经网络算法的截割载荷测量方法,实现了截割载荷的精准测量;提出牵引与截割速度自适应控制思路,给出了人工智能算法牵引与截割速度决策方法和滑模自抗扰控制的牵引与截割速度控制方法,实现了智能采煤机器人速度精准自适应控制;针对截割轨迹规划与跟踪控制问题,提出了截割轨迹精准规划思路,给出了融合地质数据和历史截割数据的截割轨迹规划模型,实现了截割轨迹的精准规划;提出了截割轨迹精准跟踪控制思路,给出了智能插补算法的截割轨迹跟踪控制方法,实现了智能采煤机器人截割轨迹高精度规划与精准跟踪控制;针对“位-姿-速”协同控制问题,提出了“位-姿-速”协同控制参数智能优化思路,给出了基于多系统互约束的改进粒子群“位-姿-速”协同控制参数优化方法,实现了智能采煤机器人智能高效作业。深入研究五大关键技术破解思路,有利于加快推动研发高性能、高效率、高可靠的智能采煤机器人。

UAV target tracking algorithm based on task allocation consensus

In order to adapt to the changes in the states of moving targets and meet the requirements of quality of service in communication among unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), the UAVs formation needs to dynamically adjust tracking tasks and tracking paths, when they carry out a mission of tracking multiple moving targets. A multi-targets tracking algorithm based on task allocation consensus is proposed for UAVs to track multiple moving targets under the distributed control architecture in the limited communication range. This algorithm creates a distributed dynamic task allocation model using intermittent asynchronous communication principle to realize the sharing of observation information gathered by each UAV with fewer communications. In addition, this algorithm also makes it possible that multi-UAVs can plan tracking paths for multiple moving targets. We implement the algorithm on the formation with three UAVs to track three moving targets through simulation. Simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm. © 2016 Beijing Institute of Aerospace Information.

CO-PLAN协同工作平台在许昌烟机的应用

传统的项目管理软件,已经不能有效解决企业各部门之间工作难以协调、项目进度难以监控等问题,基于公司项目管理的特点及需求,我公司引进了Co-PLAN协同工作平台,实现了项目全过程的控制和跟踪以及工作流程管理的规范化、信息化。

多约束条件下四旋翼机动轨迹跟踪一体化控制方法

四旋翼无人机高动态飞行需求的增加使其成为一个越来越热门的研究主题。针对四旋翼执行废墟裂缝和树林缝隙穿越任务时的大机动轨迹状态跟踪控制问题,提出基于模型预测控制的一体化控制方法,包含多约束条件下的高机动轨迹规划和多参考状态量的一体化跟踪控制,并通过飞行试验验证了所提方法相比前馈PID控制方法在跟踪规划的高机动轨迹时的优越性能。在飞行试验中,四旋翼成功穿越了60°滚转角的窄框,其实际滚转角达到60°大角度的同时,z轴误差仅为0.065 m。

跟踪算法下的果树修剪机器人路径规划设计

以果树修剪机器人为研究对象,基于轨迹跟踪算法对修剪机器人进行作业路径规划,并分别与传统的往复式路径规划算法和跟踪算法进行仿真对比实验分析。分析结果表明:与传统往复式路径规划算法相比,修剪机器人作业过程中漏剪率降低3%,重复率降低2.5%;与传统跟踪式路径规划算法相比,修剪机器人作业过程转角范围增大36°,横向轨迹误差降低600mm。

Accurate tracking control in LOM application

The fabrication of accurate prototype from CAD model directly in short time depends on the accurate tracking control and reference trajectory planning in (Laminated Object Manufacture) LOM application. An improvement on contour accuracy is acquired by the introduction of a tracking controller and a trajectory generation policy. A model of the X-Y positioning system of LOM machine is developed as the design basis of tracking controller. The ZPETC (Zero Phase Error Tracking Controller) is used to eliminate single axis following error, thus reduce the contour error. The simulation is developed on a Maltab model based on a retrofitted LOM machine and the satisfied result is acquired.

基于分层2.5D地图的无人履带车辆路径规划

针对越野环境地形下无人履带车辆难以安全、高效规划出一条可通行路径的问题,提出一种考虑地形特征、障碍物以及车辆运动特性的分层式路径规划算法.算法先通过三维参考路径规划模块改进A*算法节点扩展方式,使用无梯度迭代平滑算法、B样条曲线拟合得到平滑参考路径;然后在多阶段状态空间采样模块中采用自适应采样策略生成候选路径集,采用贪婪策略选出最优路径.试验结果表明,所提方法在越野环境中的规划结果既保证了可行性、稳定性、实时性,又在稳定车辆姿态上具有优势.

考虑崎岖地形的月球车路径规划与跟踪控制研究

为优化月球车运动路径,避开月球陨石坑和高地等月面静态障碍物,以安全、高效抵达目标任务点,提出了一种结合A∗算法和人工势场法的融合算法。首先,利用A∗算法在栅格地图中生成从起点到终点的最优安全路径;然后,设计全局路径分割方法,按阶段进行基于人工势场法的局部路径规划,并基于Lyapunov稳定性理论设计了全局渐进稳定的轨迹跟踪控制律;最后,通过Blender软件制作仿真月表环境,并使用ROS Gazebo仿真平台进行轨迹跟踪仿真验证。仿真结果表明:提出的融合算法生成的移动路径相较于普通A∗算法路径更短,转折次数更少,并加入人工势场算法进行局部避障,极大提高了月球车运动安全性,验证了所提出算法的可行性和有效性。

基于域架构的纵横向结合行人紧急避障系统研究

针对行人横穿场景,提出了一种基于域架构的纵横向结合的紧急避障策略。首先,搭建基于域架构的行人紧急避障系统,通过最大减速度模型和多项式组,拟合纵横向轨迹决策规划方法,并基于采样离散数值计算法,综合考虑避障安全距离、动力学约束和平顺性的成本函数,选取最优轨迹;然后,分别使用双环比例-积分-微分(PID)、线性二次型调节器(LQR)控制方法,实现对纵横向的运动控制;最后,通过PreScan、CarSim和Simulink联合仿真及域架构系统延时分析,验证了该避障系统的适用性,有效提升了道路安全性。

跨域无人集群协同反潜搜索方法研究

针对海上反潜搜索问题,提出一种将无人艇作为无人机的通信中继的跨域无人集群协同搜索方法,采用数字网格地图表征任务区域,构建了跨域平台的运动学模型;提出了跨域无人系统的协作方法,设计了无人系统之间的分布式信息融合机制;设计了异构平台的搜索目标函数,引导无人系统在搜索任务中实时决策。仿真结果表明:所提方法能够有效适用于文中反潜搜索任务想定,跨域平台之间能够通过优势互补提高搜索效能。

基于MPC的智能网联卡车队列最优能耗控制

针对高速公路智能网联卡车队列的能耗优化问题,提出了一种基于模型预测控制的双层控制算法。算法由速度规划层和跟踪控制层两部分构成,其中速度规划层结合道路坡度及车辆状态,通过线性能量守恒模型来消除动力学模型中的非线性项,并以发动机输出功率作为油耗优化指标,采用线性模型预测控制方法获得车队的规划速度;为减少简化车队模型引起的不确定性,跟踪控制层采用基于线性矩阵不等式的分布式鲁棒模型预测控制算法,设计状态反馈控制器对上层规划的最优速度进行跟踪。仿真结果验证了上述双层控制算法的可行性和有效性,可以在保证最优能耗控制的前提下实现车队安全稳定行驶。