The concentration and velocity fields of two refractive index matched miscible shear-thinning fluids in a lid-driven cavity were investigated by using planar laser-induced fluorescence and particle image velocimetry,a...The concentration and velocity fields of two refractive index matched miscible shear-thinning fluids in a lid-driven cavity were investigated by using planar laser-induced fluorescence and particle image velocimetry,as well by computational fluid dynamics.Quantitative analyses show that the results obtained by flow simulations with the species transport model are in good agreement with the experimental results.The effects of different parameters were studied by using the intensity of segregation.For two fluids with the same rheological parameters,the relative amounts of liquids H_(1)/H and the power-law index n dominate the mixing process while the Reynolds number Re plays a marginal role.As for two fluids with density difference,buoyancy has significant influence on the mixing process.The dimensionless group Ar/Re(redefined such as to include shear thinning behavior)is proposed for assessing the effect of buoyancy and rheological properties on the mixing of miscible shear-thinning fluids.展开更多
Photodissociation of p-aminobenzoic acid at 266 nm was investigated by probing the nascent OH photoproduct employing the laser-induced fluorescence technique. It was found that the nascent OH radical was vibrationally...Photodissociation of p-aminobenzoic acid at 266 nm was investigated by probing the nascent OH photoproduct employing the laser-induced fluorescence technique. It was found that the nascent OH radical was vibrationally cold and its rotational state distribution conformed to be a Boltzmann behavior, characterized by a rotational temperature of 1040±110 K. The rotational energy of OH was determined to be 8.78±0.84 kJ/mol. Between the two spinorbit states of OH, ^2Ⅱ3/2 and ^2Ⅱ1/2, the former was found to be preferentially populated. The distribution of the II（A＇） state for the A-doublet was dominant. Finally, a probable mechanism for the formation of OH produced from the photodissociation of p-aminobenzoic acid is discussed.展开更多
Understanding the turbulence-flame interaction is crucial to model the low-emission combustors developed for energy and propulsion applications. To this end, a novel frame interpolation (FI) method is proposed to bett...Understanding the turbulence-flame interaction is crucial to model the low-emission combustors developed for energy and propulsion applications. To this end, a novel frame interpolation (FI) method is proposed to better resolve the spatiotemporal evolution of premixed turbulent flame structures. The framework is completely selfsupervised, agnostic to optical flow, and driven by leveraging transferrable feature knowledge at lower speeds and adversarial learning to statistically map the flame dynamics across frames. The method is successfully applied on a 10 kHz CH planar laser-induced fluorescence (PLIF) dataset of highly wrinkled premixed flames with turbulent Reynolds numbers (ReT ) of 1100, 1400, and 7900, by down-sampling the image sequence to 5 kHz and restoring the sequence back to 10 kHz via FI. All reconstructions recovered important flame events and displayed excellent resemblance of the corrugated CH-layer geometries to that of the ground truths, with average intersection over union (IoU) and structural similarity index (SSIM) scores of 0.49 and 0.82, which are above the high-similarity baselines of 0.36 and 0.75, respectively. The wrinkling parameters (WP) of the flames also matched the ground truths, wherein R2 was roughly 0.95 for ReT = 1100 and 1400 and 0.85 for ReT = 7900 (lower due to the turbulence-induced uncertainties). The FI is further iteratively repeated to 40 kHz on the ReT = 7900 flames to facilitate pocket analysis by confidently linking their origin of formation, thus, enabling distinction from 3D tunnels, and improving statistical characterization of their consumption speeds. Given that the object features do not exhibit highly turbulent motions with regard to the initial time step, the proposed FI method is shown to be highly accurate and useful to analyzing finite-resolution experimental image sets including, but not restricted to, CH-PLIF.展开更多
Experiments were conducted to study the atomization phenomena of kerosene jet in supersonic flow. The kerosene jet was driven by compressed nitrogen. Mean-while,the shadowgraph and planar laser-induced fluorescence (P...Experiments were conducted to study the atomization phenomena of kerosene jet in supersonic flow. The kerosene jet was driven by compressed nitrogen. Mean-while,the shadowgraph and planar laser-induced fluorescence (PLIF) were used to visualize the flow field in the case of different total pressure and jet pressure. The results imply the followings: The combination of shadowgraph and PLIF is a rea-sonable method to study the atomization phenomena in supersonic flow. PLIF can detect the distribution of kerosene droplets accurately. Shadowgraph can visualize the wave structure. Higher jet-to-freestream dynamic pressure initiates higher penetration height and the jet column will be easier to breakup and atomize,but it also induces stronger shock waves and aggravate total pressure lost. Three-di-mensional,unsteady surface wave plays an important role in making the jet break up and atomize. Higher jet-to-freestream dynamic pressure will accelerate the de-velopment of surface wave and enlarge the amplitude of surface wave,while lower jet-to-freestream ratio will inhibit the development of surface wave.展开更多
Planar laser-induced fluorescence (PLIF) was used to study the characteristics of pollutant mixing and transport in wakes behind peninsula-type bodies. Fluorescein sodium was introduced 40 cm upstream of the peninsul...Planar laser-induced fluorescence (PLIF) was used to study the characteristics of pollutant mixing and transport in wakes behind peninsula-type bodies. Fluorescein sodium was introduced 40 cm upstream of the peninsula as a tracer. The concentration field was measured behind semicircula-shape and sinusoid-shape peninsulas for steady inlet flows for a distance of seven radii downstream of the bodies. Analysis of the mean concentration and root mean square concentration fields showed that two factors mainly affected the concentration field in the near wake, the convection of pollutants with the main flow and the entrainment in the mixing shear layer. The impact of the shape on the concentration distribution is complex because of these two factors. In the present experiments, the semicircular peninsula caused better pollutant mixing, while the sinusoidal peninsula resulted in higher concentrations in the near wake region.展开更多
基金The financial supports from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22178014)。
文摘The concentration and velocity fields of two refractive index matched miscible shear-thinning fluids in a lid-driven cavity were investigated by using planar laser-induced fluorescence and particle image velocimetry,as well by computational fluid dynamics.Quantitative analyses show that the results obtained by flow simulations with the species transport model are in good agreement with the experimental results.The effects of different parameters were studied by using the intensity of segregation.For two fluids with the same rheological parameters,the relative amounts of liquids H_(1)/H and the power-law index n dominate the mixing process while the Reynolds number Re plays a marginal role.As for two fluids with density difference,buoyancy has significant influence on the mixing process.The dimensionless group Ar/Re(redefined such as to include shear thinning behavior)is proposed for assessing the effect of buoyancy and rheological properties on the mixing of miscible shear-thinning fluids.
基金V. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This work was supported by tile National Natural Science Foundation of China （No.20721004 and No.20833008）. Can-hua Zhou sincerely wishes to express thanks to Dr. Ju-long Sun for assistance in the experiments.
文摘Photodissociation of p-aminobenzoic acid at 266 nm was investigated by probing the nascent OH photoproduct employing the laser-induced fluorescence technique. It was found that the nascent OH radical was vibrationally cold and its rotational state distribution conformed to be a Boltzmann behavior, characterized by a rotational temperature of 1040±110 K. The rotational energy of OH was determined to be 8.78±0.84 kJ/mol. Between the two spinorbit states of OH, ^2Ⅱ3/2 and ^2Ⅱ1/2, the former was found to be preferentially populated. The distribution of the II（A＇） state for the A-doublet was dominant. Finally, a probable mechanism for the formation of OH produced from the photodissociation of p-aminobenzoic acid is discussed.
基金supported by the Army Research Laboratory under Cooperative Agreement Number.W911NF-20-2-0220Student support and data was also provided by AFOSR(FA9550-21-1-0072,Program Manager:Dr.Chiping Li)ONR(N00014-21-1-2475,Program Manager:Dr.Eric Marineau).
文摘Understanding the turbulence-flame interaction is crucial to model the low-emission combustors developed for energy and propulsion applications. To this end, a novel frame interpolation (FI) method is proposed to better resolve the spatiotemporal evolution of premixed turbulent flame structures. The framework is completely selfsupervised, agnostic to optical flow, and driven by leveraging transferrable feature knowledge at lower speeds and adversarial learning to statistically map the flame dynamics across frames. The method is successfully applied on a 10 kHz CH planar laser-induced fluorescence (PLIF) dataset of highly wrinkled premixed flames with turbulent Reynolds numbers (ReT ) of 1100, 1400, and 7900, by down-sampling the image sequence to 5 kHz and restoring the sequence back to 10 kHz via FI. All reconstructions recovered important flame events and displayed excellent resemblance of the corrugated CH-layer geometries to that of the ground truths, with average intersection over union (IoU) and structural similarity index (SSIM) scores of 0.49 and 0.82, which are above the high-similarity baselines of 0.36 and 0.75, respectively. The wrinkling parameters (WP) of the flames also matched the ground truths, wherein R2 was roughly 0.95 for ReT = 1100 and 1400 and 0.85 for ReT = 7900 (lower due to the turbulence-induced uncertainties). The FI is further iteratively repeated to 40 kHz on the ReT = 7900 flames to facilitate pocket analysis by confidently linking their origin of formation, thus, enabling distinction from 3D tunnels, and improving statistical characterization of their consumption speeds. Given that the object features do not exhibit highly turbulent motions with regard to the initial time step, the proposed FI method is shown to be highly accurate and useful to analyzing finite-resolution experimental image sets including, but not restricted to, CH-PLIF.
基金the Fund for the Application of the Combination of Plif and Schlieren Methods in the Study of Mixing Enhancement by Newtype Cavity in Supersonic Combastion Field (Grant No. 10402040)
文摘Experiments were conducted to study the atomization phenomena of kerosene jet in supersonic flow. The kerosene jet was driven by compressed nitrogen. Mean-while,the shadowgraph and planar laser-induced fluorescence (PLIF) were used to visualize the flow field in the case of different total pressure and jet pressure. The results imply the followings: The combination of shadowgraph and PLIF is a rea-sonable method to study the atomization phenomena in supersonic flow. PLIF can detect the distribution of kerosene droplets accurately. Shadowgraph can visualize the wave structure. Higher jet-to-freestream dynamic pressure initiates higher penetration height and the jet column will be easier to breakup and atomize,but it also induces stronger shock waves and aggravate total pressure lost. Three-di-mensional,unsteady surface wave plays an important role in making the jet break up and atomize. Higher jet-to-freestream dynamic pressure will accelerate the de-velopment of surface wave and enlarge the amplitude of surface wave,while lower jet-to-freestream ratio will inhibit the development of surface wave.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundationof China(No.5 0 0 790 10 )
文摘Planar laser-induced fluorescence (PLIF) was used to study the characteristics of pollutant mixing and transport in wakes behind peninsula-type bodies. Fluorescein sodium was introduced 40 cm upstream of the peninsula as a tracer. The concentration field was measured behind semicircula-shape and sinusoid-shape peninsulas for steady inlet flows for a distance of seven radii downstream of the bodies. Analysis of the mean concentration and root mean square concentration fields showed that two factors mainly affected the concentration field in the near wake, the convection of pollutants with the main flow and the entrainment in the mixing shear layer. The impact of the shape on the concentration distribution is complex because of these two factors. In the present experiments, the semicircular peninsula caused better pollutant mixing, while the sinusoidal peninsula resulted in higher concentrations in the near wake region.
