Strategies for Introducing Energy Saving Idea into Residential Planning and Design in Urban and Rural Areas of China

Currently,energy saving design has been conducted on single building but not on the whole residential community in urban and rural areas.So,the paper has proposed energy saving measures for residential planning from the perspective of site selection and layout of buildings.Specific measures are as follows.Firstly,buildings should be constructed on the sunny side and leeside;secondly,buildings on the south should be lower than those on the north;the east side of the building should be open while the west side should be closed;thirdly,climate protection unit should be set;fourthly,buildings should be of northsouth direction primarily,and the main room should be set on the east side and the assistant rooms or passage on the west side in the buildings of east-west direction;fifthly,it should select compact and wellarranged households and the units should not be combined in point and dislocation and jointing.

Creation of "Regional Characteristic" in Planning and Design of Farmers' Residential Area at the South of Lower Reaches of the Yangtze River

After analysis of location feature of the south of lower reaches of Yangtze River and its construction of urban and rural integration,the paper pointed out harmonious combination between natural and artificial factors had been neglected in planning and design of farmers' residential area at the south of lower reaches of Yangtze River,"regional characteristic" losing,residential area in the form of "city community" and buildings in European style.In view of these problems,relevant planning and design thoughts and methods had been proposed as to how to create "regional characteristic" from the perspective of planning,architecture and landscape design.It discussed with emphasis the importance of construction base type and combination of environment with residential area construction;inspirations and design methods obtained from traditional architectures;and the content of landscape overall planning and specific design.It was hoped to enlighten designers to shoulder social and historical responsibility,make exploration unremittingly,and construct beautiful homelands for people.

Planning & Construction of Residential Districts in Hangzhou City from the Aging Perspective

Through questionnaire investigation,interviews and field survey,residence status of the citizens and residence expectations of the elderly in Hangzhou city were investigated.The contradictions between planning & construction of residential districts in Hangzhou and the aging of population were preliminarily analyzed.From the angles of psychological and behavioral characteristics of the elderly,many requirements of the elderly were reasonably taken into account in the planning & construction of residential districts.Through improving conditions of activity places and residence organizations of the elderly,leisure functions of the elderly in residential districts were perfected to provide references for the future planning & construction of residential districts for population aging.

Livable and Ecological Theory of Chinese Classical Gardens and the Planning of Modern Eco-residential Community

With some modern communities in Suzhou as the example,this paper mainly expounded the application of the artistic techniques of landscapes in the planning of modern landscape-type eco-residential communities according to the classical livable and ecological theory in Yuan Ye(an ancient book of garden design in China).It was learnt that there were many inner links between the livable and ecological theory of classical Chinese gardens and the planning of modern eco-residential communities.Ecological community is a new-type inhabitation model which represents the future development direction of dwelling construction in China and the main type of ecological communities.Classical Suzhou-style gardens are the representation of gardens in southern Yangtze River as well as the classical livable environment in China.Both of the above two residential models emphasize the harmonious unification between human and nature as well as the sustainable development,and lay their cores on the livability and the harmony with the nature.

Landscape Planning and Design of Eagle Residential Area in Lin'an City of China

The implementation of urban-rural integration and the development of economy had promoted small towns' construction.People increasingly required higher for the landscape of residential areas in small towns and the living environment construction of small towns had become one of the hot issues in recent years.In view of problems existing in the construction of residential areas of small towns,by taking landscape planning and design of Eagle Residential Area in Yuqian Town of Lin'an City for example,the paper had analyzed principles and ideas for landscape planning and design,and relevant indicators,so as to provide reference for landscape planning and design in residential areas of small towns.

Analysis of Micro Thermal Environment for Residential District Planning

This paper focused on residential district planning process.Using GIS and SketchUp software,a common digital relief map model of a residential district was created,and the air distribution(both velocity and temperature)within this residential district was established by CFD simulation.So,the velocity and temperature of the air at any location within the residential district,as well as the worse flow area and overheat area can be clearly presented.An index of micro thermal environment for the air distribution evaluation was established.Depending on a certain residential district planning model,from the air parameters of the micro environment at any location within the residential district,such as air velocity and air temperature,the index of micro thermal environment was obtained by certain principles and data processing process.By this index,the residential district planning scheme was evaluated corresponding to the thermal characteristics of the residential district.If this index is not good enough or unsatisfied,the residential district planning idea and process can be changed or improved accordingly in order to get a better thermal characteristics of the residential district judged by the established evaluation index system.

Energy-saving Planning and Design of Urban Residential Buildings in Hanzhong Area

Energy-saving design of residential building is an important part of energy-saving architectural design. Planning and design of residential buildings in Hanzhong area should pay more attention to the building orientation, sunshine, summer ventilation and wind resistance in winter and so on, so as to create favorable conditions for energy-saving design of single buildings. The geographical location, climatic characteristics, residents living habits and indoor and outdoor thermal environment situation were analyzed in this paper, and combined with the existing problems of energy conservation in the planning and layout of residential buildings in Hanzhong area. Based on the investigation, this paper drew some conclusions to provide references for the energy-saving planning and design of urban residential buildings in the local area.

Study on Tianjin Public Housing Residential District Planning to Meet the Needs of Migration in Rapid Urbanization

Along the rapid urbanization, the housing problem of medium and low-income residents in cities has been one of social problems, which is drawing the attention of government in the world for a long time. In present China, both the national policy and market of housing system are in the process of perfecting, which pay more attention to the low-income residents and rural residents. This paper chooses Tianjin, the third pole of China development as the example for research. Tianjin public housing residential district planning explored a mode of ＂large-scale mix and small-scale pure＂ for the whole homeland development. It confirms that regional coordination, ecological concepts, green transport, space characteristics and appropriate technology is important in planning.

Programming of Landscape Environment in "Lanting Shanshui" Residential Area

This paper explained natural condition and cultural background of "Lanting Shanshui"(landscape surrounding Orchid Pavilion) residential area,discussed the guiding ideology and principle of the programming of landscape environment.In this design,modern architectural form and materials would be combined with Chinese cultural tradition of "pursuit of natural landscape" in the whole residential area,with everything based on people and nature,entrusting landscape with thoughts and cultural connotation.In addition,macroscopically,in the perspective of overall environmental landscape system and landscaping dynamic index,the author analyzed the overall layout of landscapes;and microscopically,the author described in detail the road,pavement,public rest facilities,marks and some other hard facilities,and landscaping plants(including grouping greening,road greening and public greening),waterscape and other soft facilities of landscape designing.

Rural Residential Space Differentiation and Social Ecology

After reviewing the rural development in China since the establishment of new China,the paper has pointed out that the promotion of urbanization and construction of new socialist countryside have led to the migration of a number of rural people,the damage of traditional communities,rural social hierarchy and social separation.With the movement of people,a large area of rural lands have been abandoned and land resources been wasted.In view of these problems,it is considered that it should not adopt urban construction mode blindly in rural planning,but reconstruct rural social ecology and introduce non physical pattern planning based on rural development and villagers'status,providing a solid basis for physical pattern planning,so as to guide urban-rural coordinated development.

Spatial Layout of Mountainous Elderly Residential Districts

Taking the planning of elderly building for example, this paper explored the spatial layout, entrance/exit design, road space design and landscape design of the elderly residential districts against the background of population aging and increasing demands of ecological residence. In addition, the paper tried to fully use outstanding natural environment in mountainous areas to plan the elderly community, and integrate the characteristics of mountainous community planning and elderly buildings.

The Experience of Regional Planning of the CESP （Companhia Energetica de Sao Paulo）, Brazil

This article deals with the important experience of regional planning developed by the CESP （Companhia Energ6tica de Silo Paulo）, Brazil, through the implantation of its hydroelectric projects. The company accumulated a large experience in deploying and managing residential centers built to provide support to the works of their dams. The presence of urban planning was verified in all cases studied, with the participation of different professionals such as architects, planners, engineers and landscape designers, from inside or outside the company. This research shows that they used concepts derived from experiences as company towns of 19th century, the neighborhood unit, the garden city, the urbanistic assumptions from CIAM （Congr^s Internationaux d＇Architecture Moderne） and the TVA （Tennessee Valley Authority）.

基于空间-社会视角的城市居住能耗碳排放影响因素研究——以天津中心城区为例

厘清城市居住能耗碳排放的“空间-社会”共同影响作用机理,有助于为社区低碳更新规划提供针对性空间识别方法和政策支撑。借鉴居住分异理论中“空间-社会”二维属性的社区居住空间刻画逻辑,对天津市中心城区市民进行社会问卷调查,采用路径分析模型建立“空间-社会”复合作用下的影响关系模型,并对空间性和社会性影响总效益进行系统比较分析。研究结果表明:①空间性因素和社会性因素对大城市居住能耗碳排放的间接影响效应普遍存在,对直接效应起到一定修正作用;②社会性因素影响总效应远高于空间性因素,关键影响指标分别为人口数量和住房总价;③住区价值对家庭居住能耗碳排放的正向影响关系被证实显著存在。高价格大户型住宅通过吸引高收入群体购买和自身设施水平较高两方面锁定高碳排放行为特征。据此,提出差异化住区碳排放特征识别方法及低碳规划审查要点,为城市更新提供政策参考。

基于POE的城市居住小区室外环境适老性研究——以浙江丽水市莲都区为例

人口老龄化国情和居家养老模式为主的背景下,城市居住小区室外环境已成为老年人日常生活的重要载体,提升居住小区室外环境的适老性具有重要的现实意义。以浙江省丽水市莲都区中心城区的96个居住小区为研究对象,通过实地踏查、问卷调查和随机访谈,深入调查老年人的居住小区室外活动状况及使用状况评价,详细分析了居住小区室外重点功能空间和景观元素的适老性现状,总结归纳存在的问题和不足,继而提出切实可行的优化建议,以期为城市居住小区的适老化建设提供参考。

既有住宅维修管理探究——以日本公寓维修管理制度为例

文章首先聚焦日本公寓维修管理制度,系统阐释日本公寓长期维修计划的特点以及保障措施,重点分析日本公寓屋顶防水、外墙维护、门窗更换等16个标准维修项目的维修周期及其影响因素;其次,着重介绍无障碍、节能、环保、安全防范、便利性方面的升级改造项目,明确列出日本公寓维修准备金的计算与调整方法,以及多种交存方式;最后,归纳总结日本公寓管理计划的审核制度的参与主体和流程。上述日本在公寓维修方面的规定和经验,对完善我国既有住宅的维修管理技术体系和维修资金制度有一定的借鉴意义。

从“造住房”到“造生活”——大都市东京住房规划建设政策制度演变、成效和启示

梳理东京自明治维新以来的住房规划建设政策制度的演变,发现其经历了从无到有的摸索期、从散到合的形成期、从量到质的稳定期、从公向私的过渡期、从宅到居的发展转型期等5个阶段,总体呈现出住房供给主体多元协同、住房供给对象全面包容平等、住房供给法规先行行政保障、住房规划体系完善和住房更新行动持续升级等5大特征,最终形成充足稳定均衡的居住用地配置、与城市发展结构相契合的住房分布以及集约多样富有品质的住房供给等3大发展成效。对我国大城市住房发展有3大启示:从住房供给治理机制、住房规划、调查制度等方面完善住房规划建设政策制度,从“造住房”转向“造生活”,以及充分均衡地供给居住用地和住房类型。

基于室外热舒适综合指数的居住区形体自寻优设计

目前我国正在实施一系列应对气候变化的战略,其中居住区建筑与室外环境的之间的关系日益受到关注。本文以合肥居住区为例,进行室外热舒适最优的建筑形态及布局的自生成实验,并建立了一套根据室外热舒适度改善的居住区布局形态自寻优的技术流程,运用Ladybug插件进行多时段室外热舒适度模拟,Octopus进行多目标遗传算法的形体自动寻优。结果表明:在600次代数的研究过程中,夏季室外热舒适度总体呈下降趋势,冬季室外热舒适度总体呈上升趋势。其中点式长宽比的设计范围应在2.5~2.9之间,板式长宽比的设计范围应在3.1~3.5之间,建筑高度方面多层应当以7层为主,高层应当多布置29~31层的建筑。在建筑群体的旋转角度方面应当重点考虑-30°和20°这两个指数,即西北和东北方向为主。冬夏季建筑最优布局应满足基地旋转角度为-30°。高度布局方面应满足“南高北低、高度差小”的原则。空地布局应朝东南向,连续布置并结合水系和绿化元素。

城市规划专业设计类课程思政教学改革实践研究——以居住区详细规划设计课程为例

课程思政建设是当前高校教学工作改革的重点内容。针对城市规划专业设计类课程思政建设的现存问题,文章以居住区详细规划设计课程为例,认为其课程思政建设缺位问题突出,进而提出四大目标:培养学生正确的核心价值观,强化学生优秀的传统文化观,塑造学生良好的职业道德观,建立学生正确的法治伦理观。并以此为主线,提出了该课程思政建设实施的方法,为城市规划专业设计类课程思政教学改革提供了有益借鉴。

“社区-城市联动”的老旧小区改造路径探索——以昆山中华园东村改造为例

通过中华园东村老旧小区改造案例,探索“社区-城市联动”的老旧小区改造方法。在具体实践中,基于“共同缔造”的工作方式,形成老旧小区改造内容生成方法;以“与城互动”为目标,利用小区内各类存量资源,在改造老旧小区的同时为街区和城市补充服务功能;为实现小区各项功能的“创新提升”,探索可“长效推进”的实施方法。研究形成了将老旧小区改造工作和城市更新工作有效衔接的方法,更好地推进了昆山城市更新,为其他城市的老旧小区改造工作提供经验借鉴。

城市住宅小区活动空间调研——以深圳市南山区住宅小区为例

当前,人们对健康问题的关注越来越重视,城市住宅小区是较为理想的日常活动场所,现代城市住宅小区设计的多元发展、齐全的硬件设施和优美的景观造景人们可以不用出远门到公园就可以享受到自然风景和丰富的休闲娱乐活动。本研究从对城市住宅小区设计的研究出发,走访调研深圳市南山区的住宅小区,通过罗列图表信息进行对比分析,发现现代城市住宅小区的设计中普遍存在同质化问题,成人及儿童活动场地的设计忽视了对受众群体需求的思考,继而出现小区内活动场地空间组织单一化、活动场地设施化等问题。因此,针对调研发现的问题,本研究提出对城市住宅小区活动空间整体规划设计的建议。