Background:Magnolia bark extract(MBE)is a natural supplement with antioxidant,anti-inflammatory,and antimicrobial activities.Its properties suggest that the dietary supplementation in livestock could improve the quali...Background:Magnolia bark extract(MBE)is a natural supplement with antioxidant,anti-inflammatory,and antimicrobial activities.Its properties suggest that the dietary supplementation in livestock could improve the quality of products.Therefore,the aim of this study was to investigate,for the first time,the effect of dietary MBE supplementation(0.33 mg/kg)in finishing pigs on the oxidative stability of meat.Oxidative stability is of paramount importance for pork,as it affects storage,retail,and consumer acceptance.For the purpose,the fatty acid profile,cholesterol,fatsoluble vitamins,antioxidant enzymes(catalase,glutathione peroxidase,and superoxide dismutase),non-enzymatic antioxidant capacity(TEAC,FRAP,and Folin-Ciocalteu assays),color stability,and lipid stability of pork were assessed.Results:Concerning carcass characteristics,dietary MBE did not affect cold carcass yield,but reduced(P=0.040)the chilling weight loss.The meat from pigs fed MBE had a lower(P=0.031)lightness index than the control meat.No effect on intramuscular fat,cholesterol,and fatty acid profile was observed.Dietary MBE did not affect the content of vitamin E(α-tocopherol andγ-tocopherol)in pork,whereas it reduced(P=0.021)the retinol content.The catalase activity was 18%higher(P=0.008)in the meat from pigs fed MBE compared with the control group.The MBE supplementation reduced(P=0.039)by 30%the thiobarbituric acid reactive substances(TBARS)in raw pork over 6 d of aerobic refrigerated storage.Instead,no effect on lipid oxidation was observed in cooked pork.Last,the meat from pigs fed MBE reduced Fe3+-ascorbate catalyzed lipid oxidation in muscle homogenates,with a lower(P=0.034)TBARS value than the control group after 60 min of incubation.Conclusions:Dietary MBE supplementation in finishing pigs delayed the lipid oxidation in raw meat.This effect was combined with an increased catalase concentration.These results suggest that dietary MBE could have implications for improving the shelf-life of pork.展开更多
Background:Over the past years,antibiotic growth promoter had been restricted in animal husbandry production in many countries because of antimicrobial resistance and foodborne antibiotic residues.However,the problems...Background:Over the past years,antibiotic growth promoter had been restricted in animal husbandry production in many countries because of antimicrobial resistance and foodborne antibiotic residues.However,the problems of poor intestinal health and low growth efficiency of piglets have not been solved completely in an antibiotic-free diet,and it is urgent to explore alternatives to antimicrobial growth promoters.Methods:Here,a total of 532 weaned pigs were assigned to one of 4 treatments,the low amino acid(AA)level diet(d 1 to d 14 is 1.35%,d 15 to d 42 is 1.25%)(Low AA),the low AA level diet supplementation with a carvacrol-thymol blend(50 mg carvacrol and 50 mg thymol/kg of diet)(CB)(Low AA+CB),the high AA level diet(d 1 to d 14 is 1.50%,d 15 to d 42 is 1.40%)(High AA),and the high AA level diet supplementation with a CB(High AA+CB),respectively.Then we measured growth performance and intestinal health indicators of weaned pigs.Results:Results showed that high AA level significantly reduced plasma urea nitrogen,plasma Interleukin-6(IL-6)and fecal lipocalin-2 contents(P<0.05),significantly increased the relative abundance of fecal Lactobacillus and Enterococcus,and had a trend to increase the fecal secretory immunoglobulin A(sIgA)and mucin 2(MUC 2)contents(P<0.05)in piglets,thereby alleviating the diarrhea of piglets and reducing the feed conversion ratio(FCR)of piglets during d 1~14 after weaning.Dietary supplementation with CB significantly increased the activity of plasma antioxidant enzymes T-SOD and GSH-px(P<0.05),while significantly reduced plasma malondialdehyde(MDA),plasma interleukin-1β(IL-1β),plasma endotoxin and D-lactic acid contents(P<0.05).Meanwhile,CB significantly decreased fecal lipocalin-2 contents and the abundance of fecal Escherichia coli(P<0.05).Thus,we hypothesis that dietary supplementation with CB significantly increased the average daily gain(ADG)of piglets(P<0.05)during d 1~14 after weaning through promoting intestinal health.Conclusion:These results suggest that high AA level and dietary supplementation with CB improved the growth performance of weaned pigs in an antibiotic-free diet by improving AA metabolism and intestinal antioxidant capacity.展开更多
Background:Numerous commercial pharmaceuticals-including anticancer,antiviral,and antidiabetic drugs have been developed from traditional plant-derived medicines.There are approximately 25,000 species of flora occurri...Background:Numerous commercial pharmaceuticals-including anticancer,antiviral,and antidiabetic drugs have been developed from traditional plant-derived medicines.There are approximately 25,000 species of flora occurring in Australia,which are adapted to a range of harsh environments,and hence a plethora of novel compounds are still awaiting research in the context of their medicinal properties.Objective:The current study therefore aimed to develop a systematic protocol for screening plants with potential cytotoxicity.Many studies have found polar compounds such as to be the bioactive components responsible for the therapeutic effects.Methods:The total phenolic content(TPC)and antioxidant capacity(FRAP)of methanolic extracts of selected plants was first determined.A high correlation between the TPC values and FRAP values of the plant polar extracts were evident.Cell viability of the cancer cell lines were assessed using the MTS assay.Results:Cells subjected to Pittosporum angustifolium Lodd.Extracts at concentration of 250μg/mL showed no viable cells,comparable to cisplatin(a chemotherapy medication)used as a positive control(10μg/mL).Some promising inhibitory effects were also seen with Murrya koenigii flower and leaves at concentration of 250μg/mL,with only 43.46%and 63.88%cell viability,respectively.In contrast,extracts of Citrus hystrix(leaves)and Sygyz-ium australe(stamen)showed higher percentage cell viabilities(around 82-93%)at same concentrations.The phenolic profile of P.angustifolium B extracts demonstrating greater peak intensity and dominant peaks were tentatively identified as chlorogenic acid,p-coumaric acid,caffeic acid,t-ferulic acid and rutin.Conclusion:The Australian species P.angustifolium extract was the most cytotoxic against HeLa and HT29 cells comparing to the other plant extracts tested.A HPLC profile of the P.angustifolium extract also showed an array of promising therapeutic phenolic compounds.Future work will aim to fractionate and isolate novel compounds from this species and test their bioactivity.展开更多
基金the University of Catania,Department of Agriculture,Food and Environment(project“QUALIGEN”Linea 2–Piano di Incentivi per la Ricerca di Ateneo 2020/2022+1 种基金principal investigator:G.Luciano)A.Natalello benefits from PON“RICERCA E INNOVAZIONE”2014–2020 research contract(Azione IV.6—CUP E61B21004280005)Ministero dell’Universitàe della Ricerca。
文摘Background:Magnolia bark extract(MBE)is a natural supplement with antioxidant,anti-inflammatory,and antimicrobial activities.Its properties suggest that the dietary supplementation in livestock could improve the quality of products.Therefore,the aim of this study was to investigate,for the first time,the effect of dietary MBE supplementation(0.33 mg/kg)in finishing pigs on the oxidative stability of meat.Oxidative stability is of paramount importance for pork,as it affects storage,retail,and consumer acceptance.For the purpose,the fatty acid profile,cholesterol,fatsoluble vitamins,antioxidant enzymes(catalase,glutathione peroxidase,and superoxide dismutase),non-enzymatic antioxidant capacity(TEAC,FRAP,and Folin-Ciocalteu assays),color stability,and lipid stability of pork were assessed.Results:Concerning carcass characteristics,dietary MBE did not affect cold carcass yield,but reduced(P=0.040)the chilling weight loss.The meat from pigs fed MBE had a lower(P=0.031)lightness index than the control meat.No effect on intramuscular fat,cholesterol,and fatty acid profile was observed.Dietary MBE did not affect the content of vitamin E(α-tocopherol andγ-tocopherol)in pork,whereas it reduced(P=0.021)the retinol content.The catalase activity was 18%higher(P=0.008)in the meat from pigs fed MBE compared with the control group.The MBE supplementation reduced(P=0.039)by 30%the thiobarbituric acid reactive substances(TBARS)in raw pork over 6 d of aerobic refrigerated storage.Instead,no effect on lipid oxidation was observed in cooked pork.Last,the meat from pigs fed MBE reduced Fe3+-ascorbate catalyzed lipid oxidation in muscle homogenates,with a lower(P=0.034)TBARS value than the control group after 60 min of incubation.Conclusions:Dietary MBE supplementation in finishing pigs delayed the lipid oxidation in raw meat.This effect was combined with an increased catalase concentration.These results suggest that dietary MBE could have implications for improving the shelf-life of pork.
基金supported by Hubei Province Science and Technology Innovation Major Project(2019ABA081,2021BBA083)China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA.
文摘Background:Over the past years,antibiotic growth promoter had been restricted in animal husbandry production in many countries because of antimicrobial resistance and foodborne antibiotic residues.However,the problems of poor intestinal health and low growth efficiency of piglets have not been solved completely in an antibiotic-free diet,and it is urgent to explore alternatives to antimicrobial growth promoters.Methods:Here,a total of 532 weaned pigs were assigned to one of 4 treatments,the low amino acid(AA)level diet(d 1 to d 14 is 1.35%,d 15 to d 42 is 1.25%)(Low AA),the low AA level diet supplementation with a carvacrol-thymol blend(50 mg carvacrol and 50 mg thymol/kg of diet)(CB)(Low AA+CB),the high AA level diet(d 1 to d 14 is 1.50%,d 15 to d 42 is 1.40%)(High AA),and the high AA level diet supplementation with a CB(High AA+CB),respectively.Then we measured growth performance and intestinal health indicators of weaned pigs.Results:Results showed that high AA level significantly reduced plasma urea nitrogen,plasma Interleukin-6(IL-6)and fecal lipocalin-2 contents(P<0.05),significantly increased the relative abundance of fecal Lactobacillus and Enterococcus,and had a trend to increase the fecal secretory immunoglobulin A(sIgA)and mucin 2(MUC 2)contents(P<0.05)in piglets,thereby alleviating the diarrhea of piglets and reducing the feed conversion ratio(FCR)of piglets during d 1~14 after weaning.Dietary supplementation with CB significantly increased the activity of plasma antioxidant enzymes T-SOD and GSH-px(P<0.05),while significantly reduced plasma malondialdehyde(MDA),plasma interleukin-1β(IL-1β),plasma endotoxin and D-lactic acid contents(P<0.05).Meanwhile,CB significantly decreased fecal lipocalin-2 contents and the abundance of fecal Escherichia coli(P<0.05).Thus,we hypothesis that dietary supplementation with CB significantly increased the average daily gain(ADG)of piglets(P<0.05)during d 1~14 after weaning through promoting intestinal health.Conclusion:These results suggest that high AA level and dietary supplementation with CB improved the growth performance of weaned pigs in an antibiotic-free diet by improving AA metabolism and intestinal antioxidant capacity.
文摘Background:Numerous commercial pharmaceuticals-including anticancer,antiviral,and antidiabetic drugs have been developed from traditional plant-derived medicines.There are approximately 25,000 species of flora occurring in Australia,which are adapted to a range of harsh environments,and hence a plethora of novel compounds are still awaiting research in the context of their medicinal properties.Objective:The current study therefore aimed to develop a systematic protocol for screening plants with potential cytotoxicity.Many studies have found polar compounds such as to be the bioactive components responsible for the therapeutic effects.Methods:The total phenolic content(TPC)and antioxidant capacity(FRAP)of methanolic extracts of selected plants was first determined.A high correlation between the TPC values and FRAP values of the plant polar extracts were evident.Cell viability of the cancer cell lines were assessed using the MTS assay.Results:Cells subjected to Pittosporum angustifolium Lodd.Extracts at concentration of 250μg/mL showed no viable cells,comparable to cisplatin(a chemotherapy medication)used as a positive control(10μg/mL).Some promising inhibitory effects were also seen with Murrya koenigii flower and leaves at concentration of 250μg/mL,with only 43.46%and 63.88%cell viability,respectively.In contrast,extracts of Citrus hystrix(leaves)and Sygyz-ium australe(stamen)showed higher percentage cell viabilities(around 82-93%)at same concentrations.The phenolic profile of P.angustifolium B extracts demonstrating greater peak intensity and dominant peaks were tentatively identified as chlorogenic acid,p-coumaric acid,caffeic acid,t-ferulic acid and rutin.Conclusion:The Australian species P.angustifolium extract was the most cytotoxic against HeLa and HT29 cells comparing to the other plant extracts tested.A HPLC profile of the P.angustifolium extract also showed an array of promising therapeutic phenolic compounds.Future work will aim to fractionate and isolate novel compounds from this species and test their bioactivity.
