Plant growth-promoting properties and anti-fungal activity of endophytic bacterial strains isolated from Thymus altaicus and Salvia deserta in arid lands

Endophytes,as crucial components of plant microbial communities,significantly contribute to enhancing the absorption of nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus by their hosts,promote plant growth,and degrade pathogenic fungal mycelia.In this study,an experiment was conducted in August 2022 to explore the growth-promoting potential of endophytic bacterial strains isolated from two medical plant species,Thymus altaicus and Salvia deserta,using a series of screening media.Plant samples of Thymus altaicus and Salvia deserta were collected from Zhaosu County and Habahe County in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region,China,in July 2021.Additionally,the inhibitory effects of endophytic bacterial strains on the four pathogenic fungi(Fusarium oxysporum,Fulvia fulva,Alternaria solani,and Valsa mali)were determined through the plate confrontation method.A total of 80 endophytic bacterial strains were isolated from Thymus altaicus,while a total of 60 endophytic bacterial strains were isolated from Salvia deserta.The endophytic bacterial strains from both Thymus altaicus and Salvia deserta exhibited plant growth-promoting properties.Specifically,the strains of Bacillus sp.TR002,Bacillus sp.TR005,Microbacterium sp.TSB5,and Rhodococcus sp.TR013 demonstrated strong cellulase-producing activity,siderophore-producing activity,phosphate solubilization activity,and nitrogen-fixing activity,respectively.Out of 140 endophytic bacterial strains isolated from Thymus altaicus and Salvia deserta,104 strains displayed anti-fungal activity against Fulvia fulva,Alternaria solani,Fusarium oxysporum,and Valsa mali.Furthermore,the strains of Bacillus sp.TR005,Bacillus sp.TS003,and Bacillus sp.TSB7 exhibited robust inhibition rates against all the four pathogenic fungi.In conclusion,the endophytic bacterial strains from Thymus altaicus and Salvia deserta possess both plant growth-promoting and anti-fungal properties,making them promising candidates for future development as growth-promoting agents and biocontrol tools for plant diseases.

Relation of Wind-induced Sand Displacement to Plant Biomass and Plant Sand-binding Capacity

Desertification is a process in which vegetation cover degrades followed by increased wind and water erosion. Plants adapted to moving sand conditions are able to reverse this process. They can stabilize die substrate. Not much data is available on the soil stabilization capacity of plants. This study was conducted to investigate the wind-induced sand displacement around plants in relation to their biomass. Sand displacement is examined in relation to the biomass allocation pattern of three different plant species. A new method was developed to experimentally investigate plant sand-binding capacity. The relationship between sand displacement and plant biomass was not linear. Apart from the amount of biomass, species-specific plant characters like the biomass allocation pattern and plant structure may be very important in determining the sand-binding capacity.

Effect of LaCl_3 on Resistance and Absorptive Capacity to Formaldehyde of Indoor Ornamental Plants under Formaldehyde Stress

[Objective] This study aimed to determine the effect of rare earth biological regulator LaCl3 on the absorptive capacity to formaldehyde of four indoor ornamental plants, and to screen out the plant whose absorptive capacity to formaldehyde can be increased most greatly by LaCl3. [Method] Effect of LaCl3 on absorptive capacity to formaldehyde of four indoor ornamental plants was studied through fumigating in laboratory. Simultaneously, the indoor ornamental plant, which could significantly en- hance the degradation capacity of formaldehyde, was screened out to study the physiological and biochemical mechanisms of formaldehyde resistance. [Result] The ability to absorb formaldehyde of four indoor ornamental plants was enhanced by dif- ferent ranges after spraying with LaCl3 at suitable concentrations. The ability to ab- sorb formaldehyde of Hedera nepalensis var. sinensis, Chlorophytum comosum, Scindapsus aureun and Sansevieria trifasciata increased by 15.16%, 4.72%, 19.75% and 7.68%, respectively. In the four indoor ornamental plants, the capacity of S. au- reun to absorb formaldehyde was greatly improved by spraying LaCl3. When S. au- reun was stressed by formaldehyde, its chlorophyll content decreased by 39.87%, membrane permeability, MDA accumulation and POD activity increased by 8.17%, 56.92%, and 11.32%, respectively. However, compared the pre-spraying group with the no-spraying group under formaldehyde stress, chlorophyll content of S. aureun reduced less, membrane permeability and MDA cumulative both increased less, but POD activity increased more. [Conclusion] The formaldehyde absorption capacity of S. aureun was mostly improved after LaCl3 was sprayed.

Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria(PGPR)and its mechanisms against plant diseases for sustainable agriculture and better productivity

Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria(PGPR)are specialized bacterial communities inhabiting the root rhizosphere and the secretion of root exudates helps to,regulate the microbial dynamics and their interactions with the plants.These bacteria viz.,Agrobacterium,Arthobacter,Azospirillum,Bacillus,Burkholderia,Flavobacterium,Pseudomonas,Rhizobium,etc.,play important role in plant growth promotion.In addition,such symbiotic associations of PGPRs in the rhizospheric region also confer protection against several diseases caused by bacterial,fungal and viral pathogens.The biocontrol mechanism utilized by PGPR includes direct and indirect mechanisms direct PGPR mechanisms include the production of antibiotic,siderophore,and hydrolytic enzymes,competition for space and nutrients,and quorum sensing whereas,indirect mechanisms include rhizomicrobiome regulation via.secretion of root exudates,phytostimulation through the release of phytohormones viz.,auxin,cytokinin,gibberellic acid,1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate and induction of systemic resistance through expression of antioxidant defense enzymes viz.,phenylalanine ammonia lyase(PAL),peroxidase(PO),polyphenyloxidases(PPO),superoxide dismutase(SOD),chitinase andβ-glucanases.For the suppression of plant diseases potent bio inoculants can be developed by modulating the rhizomicrobiome through rhizospheric engineering.In addition,understandings of different strategies to improve PGPR strains,their competence,colonization efficiency,persistence and its future implications should also be taken into consideration.

Synergistic combination of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria modulates morpho-physiological characteristics and soil structure in Nitraria tangutorum bobr.Under saline soil conditions

Nitraria tangutorum Bobr.,a typical xero-halophyte,can be used for vegetation restoration and reconstruction in arid and semiarid regions affected by salinity.However,global climate change and unreasonable human activity have exacerbated salinization in arid and semi-arid regions,which in turn has led to the growth inhibition of halophytes,including N.tangutorum.Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi(AMF)and plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria(PGPR)have the potential to improve the salt tolerance of plants and their adaptation to saline soil environments.In this study,the effects of single and combined inoculations of AMF(Glomus mosseae)and PGPR(Bacillus amyloliquefaciens FZB42)on N.tangutorum were evaluated in severe saline soil conditions.The results indicate that AMF and PGPR alone may not adapt well to the real soil environment,and cannot ensure the effect of either growth promotion or salt-tolerance induction on N.tangutorum seedlings.However,the combination of AMF and PGPR significantly promoted mycorrhizal colonization,increased biomass accumulation,improved morphological development,enhanced photosynthetic performance,stomatal adjustment ability,and the exchange of water and gas.Co-inoculation also significantly counteracted the adverse effect of salinity on the soil structure of N.tangutorum seedlings.It is concluded that the effectiveness of microbial inoculation on the salt tolerance of N.tangutorum seedlings depends on the functional compatibility between plants and microorganisms as well as the specific combinations of AMF and PGPR.

Effect of Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria at Various Nitrogen Rates on Corn Growth

Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) colonize plant roots and promote plant growth by producing and secreting various chemical regulators in the rhizosphere. With the recent interest in sustainable agriculture, an increasing number of researchers are investigating ways to improve the efficiency of PGPR use to reduce chemical fertilizer inputs needed for crop production. Accordingly, greenhouse studies were conducted to evaluate the impact of PGPR inoculants on biomass production and nitrogen (N) content of corn (Zea mays L.) under different N levels. Treatments included three PGPR inoculants (two mixtures of PGPR strains and one control without PGPR) and five N application levels (0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% of the recommended N rate of 135 kg N ha−1). Results showed that inoculation of PGPR significantly increased plant height, stem diameter, leaf area, and root morphology of corn compared to no PGPR application under the same N levels at the V6 growth stage, but few differences were observed at the V4 stage. PGPR with 50% of the full N rate produced corn biomass and N concentrations equivalent to or greater than that of the full N rate without inoculants at the VT stage. In conclusion, mixtures of PGPR can potentially reduce inorganic N fertilization without affecting corn plant growth parameters. Future research is needed under field conditions to determine if these PGPR inoculants can be integrated as a bio-fertilizer in crop production nutrient management strategies.

FGD Capacity Prediction of Thermal Power Plants in China

Through analyzing the proportion of SO2 emission from thermal power plants in the nationwide SO2 emis- sion in USA, Japan etc. developed countries, and the developmental course of thermal power installed capacity and the FGD capacity in USA, the FGD capacity of thermal power plants in China is forecasted from two angles. One is to predict FGD capacity in accordance with the policy in force in China. The other is to predict FGD capacity based upon the emission right trading policy. As compared, it is held that FGD equipment should be mainly installed on the large size units burning high sulfur coal according to the emission right trading policy. Such a method of work not only can economize large amount of investments and operation costs, but also can realize the same environmental effect.

Potential seed germination-enhancing plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria for restoration of Pinus chiapensis ecosystems

Rhizosphere soil samples of three Pinus chiapensis sites were analyzed for their physicochemical properties,soil bacteria isolated and screened in vitro for growthpromoting abilities.Nine isolates that showed promise were identified to five genera Dyella,Luteimonas,Euterobacter,Paraburkholderia and Bacillus based on the sequences of16 S rRNA gene.All the strains were isolated from nondisturbed stands.These bacteria significantly decreased germination time and increased sprout sizes.Indole acetic acid and gibberellin production and phosphate solubilisation were detected.Results indicate that these biochemicals could be essential for P.chiapensis distribution and suggest the possibility that PGPR inoculation on P.chiapensis seeds prior to planting could improve germination and possibly seedling development.

Application Progress of Plant Growth-promoting Bacteria in Crops

Plant growth-promoting bacteria(PGPBs)can promote plant growth and improve crop yield.They can induce plant systemic resistance to resist biotic and abiotic stresses.In recent years,with the development of green ecological agriculture,new biological fertilizers such as microbial inocula and microbial fertilizers based on PGPBs have been gradually applied in crop planting.Based on plant growth promotion and disease control,the application progress of PGPBs in crops from the aspects of growth promotion mechanism,growth promotion effect,resistance to biological and abiotic stresses were discussed,aiming to provide reference for the relevant research and application of PGPBs in crops.

Constructing Large Capacity Power Plant on Collapsible Loess Stratum with Huge Thickness

1 Preface In the northern and northwestern parts of China, quite a large portion of area, approximately 630,000 km^2, is covered by loess and loess-liked soils. The loess thickness ranges from several meters to several hundred meters along the river’s terraces to those geomorphologic plateaus. In geology, "China Loess" has become a geologic term, because the loess in China has evolved with the widest distribution and greatest thickness in the world, and is also a typical and significant deposit in Quaternary Period.

Increasing the Efficiency and Level of Environmental Safety of Pro-Environmental City Heat Supply Technologies by Low Power Nuclear Plants

In connection with the current prospect of decarbonization of coal energy through the use of small nuclear power plants (SNPPs) at existing TPPs as heat sources for heat supply to municipal heating networks, there is a technological need to improve heat supply schemes to increase their environmental friendliness and efficiency. The paper proves the feasibility of using the heat-feeding mode of ASHPs for urban heat supply by heating the network water with steam taken from the turbine. The ratio of electric and thermal power of a “nuclear” combined heat and power plant is given. The advantage of using a heat pump, which provides twice as much electrical power with the same heat output, is established. Taking into account that heat in these modes is supplied with different potential, the energy efficiency was used to compare these options. To increase the heat supply capacity, a scheme with the use of a high-pressure heater in the backpressure mode and with the heating of network water with hot steam was proposed. Heat supply from ASHPs is efficient and environmentally friendly even in the case of significant remoteness of heat consumers.

A Standardized Method for Determining Tillering Capacity of Wheat Cultivars

Genotype and agronomic management greatly influence crop growth and grain yield in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). To ensure sustainable production, seeding rate selection is important to maximize efficiency of every plant. Tillering can allow wheat plants to adjust growth relative to plant density and quality of growing conditions. This research sought to determine a method for assessing tillering of wheat cultivars and develop a standardized approach for characterizing cultivar tillering capacity. Nine cultivars with diverse genetic and phenotypic characteristics were seeded in 2017-2018 at Prosper, ND using various seeding techniques at differing plant spacing arrangements to evaluate tillering habit and spikes plant-1. Cultivars grown at population densities common in grower fields did not express full tillering potential. Spaced-plantings of cultivars promoted cultivar expression of tillering phenotype. The SOFATT (seed only a few, and then thin) method, where average spikes plant-1 was determined from multiple plants sampled from a cultivar grown at spaced-plantings (inter-row and intra-row spacing at 30 ± 12 cm), is recommended to properly assess tillering habits of wheat cultivars. Breeders and researchers can use results from SOFATT evaluations to determine tillering capacity rating for each cultivar based on raw or transformed z-score values for spikes plant-1.

Understanding the Impacts of Plant Capacities and Uncertainties on the Techno- Economic Analysis of Cross-Laminated Timber Production in the Southern U.S.

Understanding the economic feasibility of cross-laminated timber(CLT),an emerging and sustainable alternative to concrete and steel,is critical for the rapid expansion of the mass timber industry.However,previous studies on economic performance of CLT have not fully considered the variations in the feedstock,plant capacities,manu-facturing parameters,and capital and operating costs.This study fills this gap by developing a techno-economic analysis of producing CLT panels in the Southern United States.The effects of those variations on minimum sell-ing price(MSP)of CLT panels are explored by Monte Carlo simulation.The results show that,across all the plant capacities from 30,000 to 150,000 m^(3)/year,the MSP ranges from$345 to$609/m^(3) with a±6%–9%range caused by the variations in feedstocks,key manufacturing parameters,capital and operating cost.The MSP decreases sig-nificantly along the increasing capacities.A sensitivity analysis exhibits that the lumber price,lumber preparing loss,plant capacity,and the installed costs of layering and gluing,finishing,and miscellaneous,are the top driving factors to CLT MSP.Supported by Geographic Information System,this study also studies the transportation cost of delivering CLT to customers under three CLT demanding levels(1%,5%,15%).The results show that the trans-portation cost is 1%–8%of the MSP.Lower demanding level or higher plant capacity can increase the transporta-tion cost due to average longer delivering distance.When considering the delivered cost that sums MSP and transportation cost,larger plant capacity does not necessarily generate lower delivered cost.

Off-Design Simulation of a CSP Power Plant Integrated with aWaste Heat Recovery System

Concentrating Solar Power(CSP)plants offer a promising way to generate low-emission energy.However,these plants face challenges such as reduced sunlight during winter and cloudy days,despite being located in high solar radiation areas.Furthermore,their dispatch capacities and yields can be affected by high electricity consumption,particularly at night.The present work aims to develop an off-design model that evaluates the hourly and annual performances of a parabolic trough power plant(PTPP)equipped with a waste heat recovery system.The study aims to compare the performances of this new layout with those of the conventional Andasol 1 plant,with the aim of assessing the improvements achieved in the new design.Based on the results,it can be concluded that the new layout has increased the annual generated power to almost 183 GWh(an increase of about 7.60% is achieved compared to the Andasol 1 layout that generates 169 GWh annually).Additionally,the proposed installation has achieved an efficiency of 20.55%,which represents a 7.87% increase compared to the previous design(19.05%).The Levelized Cost of Electricity(LCOE)of the new layout has been reduced by more than 5.8% compared to the Andasol 1 plant.Specifically,it has decreased from 13.11 to 12.35 c/kWh.This reduction in LCOE highlights the improved cost-effectiveness of the newlayout,making it amore economically viable option for generating electricity compared to the conventional Andasol 1 plant.

基于灰色关联度分析挺水植物模拟生活污水的净化能力

以17种挺水植物为研究对象,对挺水植物进行驯化处理,随后移植在模拟生活污水中培养,在不同的时间段内采集水质,并对水质中的总氮、总磷、氨氮和化学需氧量以及pH进行监测,采用灰色关联度分析评价挺水植物的综合净化水质的能力。结果表明,不同的挺水植物对单个水质指标的去污能力差异较大;灰色关联度分析17种挺水植物综合去污能力优等的有3种,分别是旱伞草、紫芋和灯芯草;综合去污能力良好的有6种,分别是海寿花、水葱、溪荪、水生美人蕉、花叶芦竹、再力花;综合去污能力中等的有5种,分别是香蒲、水芹、慈姑、纸莎草、泽泻;综合去污能力较低的有3种,分别是千屈菜、黄菖蒲、菰。初步筛查出9种挺水植物具有良好的综合去污效果,试验结果可为后续小微湿地水生植物示范与推广提供基础数据。

中国南北方植物对土壤加固机制的差异性

为深入分析植物对土壤加固的影响效益和机制,该研究选取重庆缙云山地区和陕西延安黄土丘陵区种植一年的乔木(火炬树、榆树)和灌木(荆条、酸枣),测定其根系形态、力学参数和土壤的抗剪强度,通过RBMw模型计算根系固土效益,综合评估不同植物的固土效能和贡献度。结果表明:2地种植的物种平均根直径的差异不显著(P>0.05),重庆种植的乔木(火炬树、榆树)的根长、分叉数和根尖数显著高于延安,灌木未出现显著差异(P<0.05)。根系的抗拉强度与直径都符合负幂函数关系,其中平均抗拉强度最大的为荆条。除荆条外,同种植物根系的抗拉强度并未因不同地区的种植产生显著差异。4个植物种根系的固土效率为0.65~4.12 kPa,各物种间存在显著差异(P<0.05)。重庆2种乔木种植下的根土复合体有效黏聚力高于裸地(约10%),灌木种植下则普遍略低于裸地。除酸枣外,种植于重庆的4种植物的根系固土作用和效率都显著的高于延安(P<0.05)。研究结果可为不同地区固土护坡的树种选择提供理论依据。

黑龙江省奶牛粪污土地承载力时空分布特征分析

为了探究黑龙江省奶牛粪污对土壤造成的潜在污染风险,本研究选取2015—2022年黑龙江省奶牛养殖和农作物产量等数据,量化分析奶牛粪污养分供给量和农作物粪污养分需求量,测算黑龙江省各市(地区)奶牛粪污土地承载力及其指数。结果表明:黑龙江省奶牛粪污氮、磷养分供给量和奶牛粪污土地承载力大体呈下降趋势,农作物粪污氮、磷养分需求量大体呈上升趋势;全省奶牛粪污污染风险主要集中在大庆市,齐齐哈尔市奶牛粪污土地承载力一直处于较高水平,鸡西市、鹤岗市、双鸭山市、佳木斯市、黑河市和大兴安岭地区奶牛粪污氮、磷供给量远低于农作物粪污氮、磷养分需求量。整体上,黑龙江省内土地消纳奶牛粪污量未超过环境容量,奶牛养殖仍具有一定的发展潜力。因此,建议从调整优化奶牛养殖区域布局、搭建有机肥供需平台、提升有机肥使用积极性和技术指导三个层面推动黑龙江省奶牛养殖业高质量发展。

市场环境下运行的光热电站子系统容量优化配比研究

依托于聚光型太阳能发电技术的光热电站(concentrating solar power,CSP)可充分应对新能源发电的不确定性,为“双碳”愿景下新型电力系统的转型与建设提供有力保障。然而,CSP电站如何摆脱高昂建设成本的制约,为自身赢得更多可持续发展的机会是亟需解决的关键难题。因此,该文提出了一种考虑电力市场机制的CSP电站子系统容量优化规划方法。首先,围绕借助CSP电站灵活调控特性在运行时间尺度下提升CSP电站自身经济收益这一问题,提出CSP电站以价格制定者这一角色参与电力市场的竞价策略。然后,构建以经济效益最大为目标的CSP电站聚光、储热、发电容量配比双层随机规划模型,并采用离散线性化转换方法将规划模型转化为混合整数线性模型,解决模型重构后非线性模型带来的求解难问题。最后,基于我国西北某地区实际历史数据的算例仿真验证所提优化配比方法的有效性,并分析说明与价格接受者相比电力市场中的议价权能使CSP电站获得更好的市场经济效益。

混合式抽水蓄能电站群容量计算研究Ⅱ:多尺度嵌套容量计算模型及实例

基于流域梯级水电站增建混合式抽水蓄能电站(简称混蓄电站),对保障新型电力系统安全稳定运行、促进新能源大规模发展和消纳具有重要意义。研究提出基于多尺度嵌套调度模型的混蓄电站群容量计算模型,该模型嵌套含混蓄电站的梯级水电站短期调峰模型、考虑短期调峰与综合利用供水任务的梯级水电站中长期优化调度模型两大核心模块;此外,针对该容量计算模型的高维特征,提出基于代理模型思想的求解方法。以黄河上游待规划的大型混蓄电站群为实例,分别计算混蓄电站单独开发、梯级开发、整体开发三种模式下电站装机容量以及抽水调峰效益,并推导理论公式揭示混蓄电站抽发循环效率及抽水时长对电站装机容量的影响机制。实例计算取得的结果:龙羊峡-拉西瓦混蓄电站推荐采用水泵机组+可逆式抽蓄机组形式开发,单独开发模式下,推荐装机160万kW;当其与拉西瓦-尼那混蓄电站梯级开发时,推荐装机205万kW。当混蓄电站设计抽水时长减小时,其装机容量可增加,调峰能力变大,但电站抽水耗电调峰效益不变。拉西瓦-尼那、李家峡-直岗拉卡、公伯峡-苏只混蓄电站推荐装机分别为75万、16万和59万kW。4座混蓄电站整体开发模式下,可用于新能源消纳的抽水调峰电量为年均87.42亿kWh。

植物基咖啡起泡乳泡沫性质的研究

随着人们对健康饮食的追求和对环境问题的日益重视,植物蛋白逐渐取代动物蛋白,植物基咖啡起泡乳的消费增长也备受瞩目。该文选择了具有较高热稳定性及较好咖啡风味相容性的大豆、鹰嘴豆和燕麦3种植物蛋白原料制备咖啡专用起泡乳,探讨其泡沫性质以及与起泡相关的其他性质。研究发现,起泡性从大到小依次为豆乳、鹰嘴豆乳和燕麦乳,但是泡沫稳定性的排列顺序则相反;植物蛋白乳泡沫具有不同流动和黏壁特性,豆乳的初始流动速度及黏壁性最大,燕麦乳的黏壁性最小;豆乳泡沫的气泡直径最大,而燕麦乳泡沫的液膜厚度最大。蛋白质和脂质成分在气-液界面上具有不同的吸附行为,前者为正吸附,降低表面张力,后者为负吸附,升高表面张力。大豆11S蛋白B肽链、鹰嘴豆leguminβ亚基和燕麦12S蛋白β亚基在泡沫液膜中的含量更高,同时,液膜脂质中磷脂的比例更高。3种植物蛋白泡沫液膜表现出不同排液特性。