Assessment of the thermal effect of large industrial buildings on permafrost foundation soils in Yakutsk

The results of monitoring studies of the ground thermal state beneath the Yakutsk Combined Heat and Power Plant buildings are presented in order to determine their structural stability and the possibility of further troublefree operation of the entire complex of the structures.The main causes for the formation of water-bearing taliks under and adjacent to the buildings are presented,and the factors influencing the existing geocryological situation are discussed.The continuing stable state of the buildings demonstrates the possibility of using two construction principles on permafrost at one site,including preserving permafrost and accommodating permafrost thawing.

Low-carbon Operation of Combined Heat and Power Integrated Plants Based on Solar-assisted Carbon Capture

Accelerating the development of renewable energy and reducing CO_(2)emissions have become a general consensus and concerted action of all countries in the world. The electric power industry, especially thermal power industry, is the main source for fossil energy consumption and CO_(2)emissions. Since solvent-based post-combustion carbon capture technology would bring massive extra energy consumption, the application of solar-assisted carbon capture technology has attracted extensive attention. Due to the important role of coal-fired combined heat and power plants for serving residential and industrial heating districts, in this paper, the low-carbon operation benefits of combined heat and power integrated plants based on solar-assisted carbon capture(CHPIP-SACC) are fully evaluated in heat and power integrated energy system with a high proportion of wind power. Based on the selected integration scheme, a linear operation model of CHPIP-SACC is developed considering energy flow characteristics and thermal coupling interaction of its internal modules. From the perspective of system-level operation optimization, the day-ahead economic dispatch problem based on a mix-integer linear programming model is presented to evaluate the low-carbon benefits of CHPIP-SACC during annual operation simulation. The numerical simulations on a modified IEEE 39-bus system demonstrate the effectiveness of CHPIP-SACC for reducing CO_(2)emissions as well as increasing the downward flexibility. The impact of different solar field areas and unit prices of coal on the low-carbon operation benefits of CHPIP-SACC is studied in the section of sensitivity analysis.

Dispatch Model for Integrated Heat and Power Systems Considering Internal Composition of CHP Plants

An integrated heat and power system(IHPS)is a promising approach for alleviating wind curtailment problems.In an IHPS,the combined heat and power(CHP)plant is the key component,which supplies both heat and electric loads,and couples the thermal system and power system.However,existing research commonly ignores or simplifies the internal composition of CHP plants,which could lead to some unavoidable errors.This paper focuses on the internal composition of CHP plants,and models the physical processes in different components and flexible resources in the CHP plant.Furthermore,a joint dispatch problem of an IHPS with the above CHP plant models is formulated,and an iterative algorithm is developed to handle the nonlinearity in this problem.Case studies are performed based on a real CHP plant in Northern China,and the results indicate that the synergistic effect of different energy resources in the CHP plant is realized by the joint dispatch model,which promotes wind power accommodation and reduces fossil fuel consumption.

The ecosystem of Lake Kenon:past and present(Transbaikal Territory,Russia)

Present-day conditions of the Lake Kenon ecosystem are determined by a combination of natural and anthropogenic factors. We have estimated the effects of a complex of factors on the condition of the abiotic environment and on specific biological components in the lake ecosystem. Change in biogenic load has caused an increase in the role of phytoplankton in the general balance of organic matter during the high-water period. Charophytes are the main dominants of bottom vegetation. Anthropogenic load has caused a decrease in both fish species and fish capacity. The lake application as a water reservoir-cooler has influenced the average annual water mineralization （from 420 mg/L to 530.0 mg/L with a maximum 654 mg/L in 1993） and fluctuations in its hydrochemical composition. The present composition of the lake is sulfate-hydrocarbonate-chloride calcium-sodic-magnesium in character. S（Y44 content is twice as much as the maximum permissible concentration in fishery waters. Water drainage from an ash disposal area to the lake has caused an increase in chemical-element concentrations including the heavy metals. Hg concentration in Perca fluviatilis muscles is 0.5 9g/g dry wt. Thus, understanding directions in the ecosystem of the water reservoir-cooler under changing hydrological conditions will let us forecast the consequences of new combined heat and power plant operation.

Compensating active power imbalances in power system with large-scale wind power penetration

Large-scale wind power penetration can affect the supply continuity in the power system.This is a matter of high priority to investigate,as more regulating reserves and specified control strategies for generation control are required in the future power system with even more high wind power penetration.This paper evaluates the impact of large-scale wind power integration on future power systems.An active power balance control methodology is used for compensating the power imbalances between the demand and the generation in real time,caused by wind power forecast errors.The methodology for the balance power control of future power systems with large-scale wind power integration is described and exemplified considering the generation and power exchange capacities in2020 for Danish power system.

Real-time impact of power balancing on power system operation with large scale integration of wind power

Highly wind power integrated power system requires continuous active power regulation to tackle the power imbalances resulting from the wind power forecast errors. The active power balance is maintained in real-time with the automatic generation control and also from the control room, where regulating power bids are activated manually. In this article, an algorithm is developed to simulate the activation of regulating power bids, as performed in the control room, during power imbalance between generation and load demand. In addition, the active power balance is also controlled through automatic generation control, where coordinated control strategy between combined heat and power plants and wind power plant enhances the secure power system operation. The developed algorithm emulating the control room response,to deal with real-time power imbalance, is applied and investigated on the future Danish power system model. The power system model takes the hour-ahead regulating power plan from power balancing model and the generation and power exchange capacities for the year 2020 into account.The real-time impact of power balancing in a highly wind power integrated power system is assessed and discussed by means of simulations for different possible scenarios.

Value assessment of hydrogen-based electrical energy storage in view of electricity spot market

Hydrogen as an energy carrier represents one of the most promising carbon-free energy solutions.The ongoing development of power-to-gas(Pt G)technologies that supports large-scale utilization of hydrogen is therefore expected to support hydrogen economy with a final breakthrough.In this paper,the economic performance of a MW-sized hydrogen system,i.e.a composition of water electrolysis,hydrogen storage,and fuel cell combined heat and power plant(FCCHP),is assessed as an example of hydrogen-based bidirectional electrical energy storage(EES).The analysis is conducted in view of the Danish electricity spot market that has high price volatility due to its high share of wind power.An economic dispatch model is developed as a mixed-integer programming(MIP)problem to support the estimation of variable cost of such a system taking into account a good granularity of the technical details.Based on a projected technology improvement by 2020,sensitivity analysis is conducted to illustrate how much the hydrogen-based EES is sensitive to variations of the hydrogen price and the capacity of hydrogen storage.