Popularization and Application of Haidaosu(5% Amino-oligosaccharin)as a Plant Immunity Inducer in Main Crops Cultured by Corps

The plant immunity inducer, amino-oligosaccharin, has remarkable effects in disease resistance, cold tolerance, growth promotion, yield increase and quality improvement. This paper introduced the action mechanism of amino-oligosaccharin, its main application effects on crops and application techniques. In 2013-2014, ex- periments were conducted on a variety of crops at multiple locations by Xinjiang Corps as well as popularization and application in 2013-2014, and it was shown by the popularization and application that the application of amino-oligosaccharin could promote plant growth, reduce the incidence of crop diseases and improve crop yield and product quality.

Plant immunity inducers:from discovery to agricultural application

While conventional chemical fungicides directly eliminate pathogens,plant immunity inducers activate or prime plant immunity.In recent years,considerable progress has been made in understanding the mechanisms of immune regulation in plants.The development and application of plant immunity inducers based on the principles of plant immunity represent a new field in plant protection research.In this review,we describe the mechanisms of plant immunity inducers in terms of plant immune system activation,summarize the various classes of reported plant immunity inducers(proteins,oligosaccharides,chemicals,and lipids),and review methods for the identification or synthesis of plant immunity inducers.The current situation,new strategies,and future prospects in the development and application of plant immunity inducers are also discussed.

Bacillus cereus AR156 primes induced systemic resistance by suppressing miR825/825 and activating defense-related genes in Arabidopsis

Small RNAs play an important role in plant immune responses. However, their regulatory function in induced systemic resistance（ISR） is nascent. Bacillus cereus AR156 is a plant growth-promoting rhizobacterium that induces ISR in Arabidopsis against bacterial infection. Here,by comparing small RNA profiles of Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato（Pst） DC3000-infected Arabidopsis with and without AR156 pretreatment, we identified a group of Arabidopsis micro RNAs（mi RNAs） that are differentially regulated by AR156 pretreatment. mi R825 and mi R825 are two mi RNA generated from a single mi RNA gene.Northern blot analysis indicated that they were significantly downregulated in Pst DC3000-infected plants pretreated with AR156, in contrast to the plants without AR156 pretreatment. mi R825 targets two ubiquitin-protein ligases,while mi R825 targets toll-interleukin-like receptor（TIR）-nucleotide binding site（NBS） and leucine-rich repeat（LRR）type resistance（R） genes. The expression of these target genes negatively correlated with the expression of mi R825 and mi R825. Moreover, transgenic plants showing reduced expression of mi R825 and mi R825 displayed enhanced resistance to Pst DC3000 infection, whereas transgenic plants overexpressing mi R825 and mi R825 were more susceptible. Taken together, our data indicates that Bacillus cereus AR156 pretreatment primes ISR to Pst infection by suppressing mi R825 and mi R825 and activating the defense related genes they targeted.