To study the accumulation regularity of nitrogen and phosphorus in typical constructive plants in coastal wetland,samples of Suaeda glauca(Bunge) Bunge,Phragmites austrahs and Tamarix chinensis Lour,were taken from th...To study the accumulation regularity of nitrogen and phosphorus in typical constructive plants in coastal wetland,samples of Suaeda glauca(Bunge) Bunge,Phragmites austrahs and Tamarix chinensis Lour,were taken from the Yellow River Delta National Coast Wetland Nature Reserve,nitrogen and phosphorus content in plants was measured and analyzed.The results showed that ① nitrogen and phosphorus content in different wetland plants is correlated;② different species in the same place and the same species in different spaces show different accumulation regularity of nitrogen and phosphorus;③ nitrogen and phosphorus content in plants is closely related to nitrogen and phosphorus content in the habitat;④ nitrogen content in T.chinensis Lour,is the highest,the mean is 11.63 g/kg,and phosphorus content in S glauca(Bunge) Bunge is the highest,the mean is 1.38 g/kg;⑤ nitrogen content in the 3 species:T.chinensis Lour.> S.glauca(Bunge) Bunge > P.australis;⑥ nitrogen content in aboveground parts of all plants is significantly higher than that in underground parts,and phosphorus content in aboveground parts of all plants except S.glauca(Bunge) Bunge is significantly higher than that in underground parts;⑦ nitrogen content in the 3 species in the study area is significantly higher than phosphorus content in these species.展开更多
有机肥部分替代化肥是一种实现化肥减量的可持续农业生产措施。本研究于2020和2021连续2年以“沁黄2号”为供试材料,设不施氮(CK)、常量化肥氮(NPK)、有机肥替代25%化肥氮(25%M)、有机肥替代50%化肥氮(50%M)、有机肥替代75%化肥氮(75%M...有机肥部分替代化肥是一种实现化肥减量的可持续农业生产措施。本研究于2020和2021连续2年以“沁黄2号”为供试材料,设不施氮(CK)、常量化肥氮(NPK)、有机肥替代25%化肥氮(25%M)、有机肥替代50%化肥氮(50%M)、有机肥替代75%化肥氮(75%M)和有机肥替代100%化肥氮(100%M) 6个处理,研究不同替代率对谷子产量构成和氮素吸收的影响,并分析氮素吸收调控小米米色、糊化特性和类胡萝卜素组分的效应,明确谷子生产中有机肥最佳替代率。结果表明,2年中较低的有机肥替代化肥氮率显著提高了谷子植株氮素累积,但随着替代率的持续增加,植株氮素累积量呈降低趋势,最终影响谷子产量和小米品质。2020年, 25%M处理显著提高了谷子地上部氮素累积量,较NPK处理提高9.6%;2021年,25%M处理谷子地上部氮素累积量、生物量、穗粒数和产量达到最高,较NPK处理分别提高6.1%、12.0%、15.4%和12.0%。50%M处理显著影响了小米的米色、糊化特征和类胡萝卜素含量,与NPK相比,小米籽粒红绿值、橘色值、支链淀粉含量、总淀粉含量、小米糊化最终黏度、叶黄素含量、玉米黄质含量和黄色素含量的增幅分别可达6.0%、6.0%、7.4%、4.3%、7.8%、20.7%、17.4%和2.8%。但有机肥完全替代化肥降低了谷子地上部氮素吸收、地上部生物量、穗粒数及谷子产量,也抑制了小米叶黄素和玉米黄质含量的提升。2年均表现出谷子地上部氮吸收量与小米单粒重、直链淀粉含量和小米糊化回升值呈显著的负相关。且2021年谷子地上部氮吸收量还与小米总淀粉含量、蛋白质含量、小米粉糊化峰值黏度和小米黄色素含量呈显著的负相关,与小米糊化峰谷黏度呈显著的正相关。综上,施氮总量120 kg hm^(–2)下,有机肥替代25%~50%化肥氮能通过促进植株氮素的吸收,实现产量、米色、蒸煮特性及类胡萝卜素的协同提升,为谷子化肥减量和提质增效生产提供技术支撑。展开更多
Since Pb is a non-biodegradable inorganic pollutant and a non-essential metal,its long-term presence in soil poses a great threat to the environment.Iris lactea Pall.var.chinensis(Fisch.)Koidz.,a perennial dense bush ...Since Pb is a non-biodegradable inorganic pollutant and a non-essential metal,its long-term presence in soil poses a great threat to the environment.Iris lactea Pall.var.chinensis(Fisch.)Koidz.,a perennial dense bush herb with high resistance of Pb and wide adaptability,was used in pot experiments to study the effects of exogenous nitrate N(NO_(3)^(–)-N)on the absorption and transportation of Pb and plant growth under different Pb concentrations.Then,the mechanism of NO_(3)^(-)-N affecting Pb and nutrient uptake and transport was explored.The concentration of Pb in the experiment ranged from 0 to 1600 mg/kg,and the added concentration of NO_(3)^(-)-N was 0.0–0.3 g/kg.The results showed that I.lactea was highly tolerant to Pb,and the shoot fraction was more sensitive to varied Pb concentrations in the soil than the root fraction.This protective function became more pronounced under the condition of raised Pb concentration in the soil.When the concentration of Pb in the soil reached 800 mg/kg,the highest Pb content of I.lactea was found under the condition of 0.1 g/kg of NO–3-N addition.When Pb concentration in the soil increased to 1600 mg/kg,the increase in NO_(3)^(-)-N addition promoted Pb uptake by the root.To ensure the well growth of I.lactea and the effect of remediation of Pb-contaminated soil,the recommended concentration of NO–3-N in the soil is 0.1 g/kg.This result provides a theoretical basis for exogenous N regulation of phytoremediation of Pb-contaminated soil.展开更多
针对河西绿洲灌区水资源短缺、玉米田氮肥施用量高等生产生态问题,在节水减氮条件下,分析增加种植密度补偿水氮减量导致玉米减产的效应,为水氮节约型玉米高效生产提供理论依据与技术支撑。基于2016年布设的裂裂区田间试验,主区为2种灌...针对河西绿洲灌区水资源短缺、玉米田氮肥施用量高等生产生态问题,在节水减氮条件下,分析增加种植密度补偿水氮减量导致玉米减产的效应,为水氮节约型玉米高效生产提供理论依据与技术支撑。基于2016年布设的裂裂区田间试验,主区为2种灌水定额:灌水减量20%(W1,3240 m^(3) hm^(–2))和传统灌水(W2,4050 m^(3) hm^(–2)),裂区为2种施氮量:减量施氮25%(N1,270 kg hm^(–2))和传统施氮(N2,360 kg hm^(–2)),裂裂区为3种玉米密度:传统种植密度(D1,7.50万株hm^(–2))、增密30%(D2,9.75万株hm^(–2))和增密60%(D3,12.00万株hm^(–2)),通过测定2020—2021年玉米籽粒产量和生物产量,分析干物质积累及其分配、转运特征,量化产量构成因素,明确增密对水氮减量玉米产量的补偿效应及机制。研究表明,减水、减氮降低了玉米籽粒产量和生物产量,而增密30%能够补偿因水氮同步减量造成的产量负效应,且维持较高的施氮量有利于玉米增产节水。W1N1D1(减量灌水减量施氮及传统密度)较W2N2D1(对照:传统灌水传统施氮及传统密度)籽粒产量和生物产量分别降低9.1%~15.0%与10.0%~11.0%,但W1N1D2(减量灌水减量施氮及增密30%)与W2N2D1差异不显著。W1N2D2(减量灌水传统施氮及增密30%)较W2N2D1籽粒和生物产量分别提高12.9%~15.4%与6.4%~12.0%。增密30%能够补偿水氮同步减量造成玉米减产的主要原因是W1N1D2能增加玉米穗数,进而提高玉米灌浆初期至成熟期干物质积累量和苗期到大喇叭口期群体生长速率及花前转运率。增密30%在灌水减量和传统施氮条件下促进玉米增产的主要原因是W1N2D2可增加玉米穗数,提高玉米生育期干物质积累量与群体生长速率,促进穗部干物质分配,提高花前转运量、转运率及转运贡献率。因此,增密30%是绿洲灌区水氮同步减量玉米稳产高产的可行措施,是氮肥不减但减水20%玉米节水增产有效举措。展开更多
基金Sponsored by 2015 Safety Production and Major Accident Prevention Program of State Administration of Work Safety(shandong-0017-2015AQ)
文摘To study the accumulation regularity of nitrogen and phosphorus in typical constructive plants in coastal wetland,samples of Suaeda glauca(Bunge) Bunge,Phragmites austrahs and Tamarix chinensis Lour,were taken from the Yellow River Delta National Coast Wetland Nature Reserve,nitrogen and phosphorus content in plants was measured and analyzed.The results showed that ① nitrogen and phosphorus content in different wetland plants is correlated;② different species in the same place and the same species in different spaces show different accumulation regularity of nitrogen and phosphorus;③ nitrogen and phosphorus content in plants is closely related to nitrogen and phosphorus content in the habitat;④ nitrogen content in T.chinensis Lour,is the highest,the mean is 11.63 g/kg,and phosphorus content in S glauca(Bunge) Bunge is the highest,the mean is 1.38 g/kg;⑤ nitrogen content in the 3 species:T.chinensis Lour.> S.glauca(Bunge) Bunge > P.australis;⑥ nitrogen content in aboveground parts of all plants is significantly higher than that in underground parts,and phosphorus content in aboveground parts of all plants except S.glauca(Bunge) Bunge is significantly higher than that in underground parts;⑦ nitrogen content in the 3 species in the study area is significantly higher than phosphorus content in these species.
文摘有机肥部分替代化肥是一种实现化肥减量的可持续农业生产措施。本研究于2020和2021连续2年以“沁黄2号”为供试材料,设不施氮(CK)、常量化肥氮(NPK)、有机肥替代25%化肥氮(25%M)、有机肥替代50%化肥氮(50%M)、有机肥替代75%化肥氮(75%M)和有机肥替代100%化肥氮(100%M) 6个处理,研究不同替代率对谷子产量构成和氮素吸收的影响,并分析氮素吸收调控小米米色、糊化特性和类胡萝卜素组分的效应,明确谷子生产中有机肥最佳替代率。结果表明,2年中较低的有机肥替代化肥氮率显著提高了谷子植株氮素累积,但随着替代率的持续增加,植株氮素累积量呈降低趋势,最终影响谷子产量和小米品质。2020年, 25%M处理显著提高了谷子地上部氮素累积量,较NPK处理提高9.6%;2021年,25%M处理谷子地上部氮素累积量、生物量、穗粒数和产量达到最高,较NPK处理分别提高6.1%、12.0%、15.4%和12.0%。50%M处理显著影响了小米的米色、糊化特征和类胡萝卜素含量,与NPK相比,小米籽粒红绿值、橘色值、支链淀粉含量、总淀粉含量、小米糊化最终黏度、叶黄素含量、玉米黄质含量和黄色素含量的增幅分别可达6.0%、6.0%、7.4%、4.3%、7.8%、20.7%、17.4%和2.8%。但有机肥完全替代化肥降低了谷子地上部氮素吸收、地上部生物量、穗粒数及谷子产量,也抑制了小米叶黄素和玉米黄质含量的提升。2年均表现出谷子地上部氮吸收量与小米单粒重、直链淀粉含量和小米糊化回升值呈显著的负相关。且2021年谷子地上部氮吸收量还与小米总淀粉含量、蛋白质含量、小米粉糊化峰值黏度和小米黄色素含量呈显著的负相关,与小米糊化峰谷黏度呈显著的正相关。综上,施氮总量120 kg hm^(–2)下,有机肥替代25%~50%化肥氮能通过促进植株氮素的吸收,实现产量、米色、蒸煮特性及类胡萝卜素的协同提升,为谷子化肥减量和提质增效生产提供技术支撑。
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51978659).
文摘Since Pb is a non-biodegradable inorganic pollutant and a non-essential metal,its long-term presence in soil poses a great threat to the environment.Iris lactea Pall.var.chinensis(Fisch.)Koidz.,a perennial dense bush herb with high resistance of Pb and wide adaptability,was used in pot experiments to study the effects of exogenous nitrate N(NO_(3)^(–)-N)on the absorption and transportation of Pb and plant growth under different Pb concentrations.Then,the mechanism of NO_(3)^(-)-N affecting Pb and nutrient uptake and transport was explored.The concentration of Pb in the experiment ranged from 0 to 1600 mg/kg,and the added concentration of NO_(3)^(-)-N was 0.0–0.3 g/kg.The results showed that I.lactea was highly tolerant to Pb,and the shoot fraction was more sensitive to varied Pb concentrations in the soil than the root fraction.This protective function became more pronounced under the condition of raised Pb concentration in the soil.When the concentration of Pb in the soil reached 800 mg/kg,the highest Pb content of I.lactea was found under the condition of 0.1 g/kg of NO–3-N addition.When Pb concentration in the soil increased to 1600 mg/kg,the increase in NO_(3)^(-)-N addition promoted Pb uptake by the root.To ensure the well growth of I.lactea and the effect of remediation of Pb-contaminated soil,the recommended concentration of NO–3-N in the soil is 0.1 g/kg.This result provides a theoretical basis for exogenous N regulation of phytoremediation of Pb-contaminated soil.
文摘针对河西绿洲灌区水资源短缺、玉米田氮肥施用量高等生产生态问题,在节水减氮条件下,分析增加种植密度补偿水氮减量导致玉米减产的效应,为水氮节约型玉米高效生产提供理论依据与技术支撑。基于2016年布设的裂裂区田间试验,主区为2种灌水定额:灌水减量20%(W1,3240 m^(3) hm^(–2))和传统灌水(W2,4050 m^(3) hm^(–2)),裂区为2种施氮量:减量施氮25%(N1,270 kg hm^(–2))和传统施氮(N2,360 kg hm^(–2)),裂裂区为3种玉米密度:传统种植密度(D1,7.50万株hm^(–2))、增密30%(D2,9.75万株hm^(–2))和增密60%(D3,12.00万株hm^(–2)),通过测定2020—2021年玉米籽粒产量和生物产量,分析干物质积累及其分配、转运特征,量化产量构成因素,明确增密对水氮减量玉米产量的补偿效应及机制。研究表明,减水、减氮降低了玉米籽粒产量和生物产量,而增密30%能够补偿因水氮同步减量造成的产量负效应,且维持较高的施氮量有利于玉米增产节水。W1N1D1(减量灌水减量施氮及传统密度)较W2N2D1(对照:传统灌水传统施氮及传统密度)籽粒产量和生物产量分别降低9.1%~15.0%与10.0%~11.0%,但W1N1D2(减量灌水减量施氮及增密30%)与W2N2D1差异不显著。W1N2D2(减量灌水传统施氮及增密30%)较W2N2D1籽粒和生物产量分别提高12.9%~15.4%与6.4%~12.0%。增密30%能够补偿水氮同步减量造成玉米减产的主要原因是W1N1D2能增加玉米穗数,进而提高玉米灌浆初期至成熟期干物质积累量和苗期到大喇叭口期群体生长速率及花前转运率。增密30%在灌水减量和传统施氮条件下促进玉米增产的主要原因是W1N2D2可增加玉米穗数,提高玉米生育期干物质积累量与群体生长速率,促进穗部干物质分配,提高花前转运量、转运率及转运贡献率。因此,增密30%是绿洲灌区水氮同步减量玉米稳产高产的可行措施,是氮肥不减但减水20%玉米节水增产有效举措。
