One stop shop IV: taxonomic update with molecular phylogeny for important phytopathogenic genera: 76-100 (2020)

This is a continuation of a series focused on providing a stable platform for the taxonomy of phytopathogenic fungi and fungus-like organisms.This paper focuses on one family:Erysiphaceae and 24 phytopathogenic genera:Armillaria,Barrio-psis,Cercospora,Cladosporium,Clinoconidium,Colletotrichum,Cylindrocladiella,Dothidotthia,,Fomitopsis,Ganoderma,Golovinomyces,Heterobasidium,Meliola,Mucor,Neoerysiphe,Nothophoma,Phellinus,Phytophthora,Pseudoseptoria,Pythium,Rhizopus,Stemphylium,Thyrostroma and Wojnowiciella.Each genus is provided with a taxonomic background,distribution,hosts,disease symptoms,and updated backbone trees.Species confirmed with pathogenicity studies are denoted when data are available.Six of the genera are updated from previous entries as many new species have been described.

First determination of the highly genotoxic fungal contaminant altertoxin II in a naturally infested apple sample

Altertoxin II is an epoxide-holding perylene quinone and secondary metabolite produced by Alternaria molds.Its genotoxic potential and the high concentrations determined in laboratory fungal cultures resulted in an increased scientific interest in this emerging contaminant.However,no natural occurrence in food has been reported to date to the best of our knowledge.Here,we unambiguously identified altertoxin II in a naturally infected,unprocessed apple.Applying a validated LC-MS/MS method,fruit peel spots(approx.1 mm in diameter),typically associated with Alternaria infestation,were tested for 17 mycotoxins produced by this genus.Negligible concentrations of tentoxin were determined 24 h after harvest,and the dibenzopyrones alternariol,alternariol monomethyl ether(AME)and AME-3-sulfate after six months of storage.Overall,these contamination patterns can be considered unlikely to be of toxicological concern for consumers.However,an inconspicuous peel lesion(0.5×1 cm)separately sampled from a stored apple,exhibited considerably high concentrations of 14 Alternaria toxins,including dibenzopyrones,their barely studied modified forms(glucosides and sulfates),as well as genotoxic perylene quinones including altertoxin II.Considering the toxicological potential of this compound,contaminations in such infected fruit parts should not be underestimated,e.g.in the case of exposure through the consumption of fresh smoothies or fruit juices.

One stop shopⅢ:taxonomic update with molecular phylogeny for important phytopathogenic genera:51–75(2019)

This is a continuation of a series focused on providing a stable platform for the taxonomy of phytopathogenic fungi and organisms.This paper focuses on 25 phytopathogenic genera:Alternaria,Capnodium,Chaetothyrina,Cytospora,Cyphellophora,Cyttaria,Dactylonectria,Diplodia,Dothiorella,Entoleuca,Eutiarosporella,Fusarium,Ilyonectria,Lasiodiplodia,Macrophomina,Medeolaria,Neonectria,Neopestalotiopsis,Pestalotiopsis,Plasmopara,Pseudopestalotiopsis,Rosellinia,Sphaeropsis,Stagonosporopsis and Verticillium.Each genus is provided with a taxonomic background,distribution,hosts,disease symptoms,and updated backbone trees.A new database(Onestopshopfungi)is established to enhance the current understanding of plant pathogenic genera among plant pathologists.

One stop shop Ⅱ:taxonomic update with molecular phylogeny for important phytopathogenic genera:26–50(2019)

This paper is the second in a series focused on providing a stable platform for the taxonomy of phytopathogenic fungi.It focuses on 25 phytopathogenic genera:Alternaria,Bipolaris,Boeremia,Botryosphaeria,Calonectria,Coniella,Corticiaceae,Curvularia,Elsinoe,Entyloma,Erythricium,Fomitiporia,Fulviformes,Laetisaria,Limonomyces,Neofabraea,Neofusicoccum,Phaeoacremonium,Phellinotus,Phyllosticta,Plenodomus,Pseudopyricularia,Tilletia,Venturia and Waitea,using recent molecular data,up to date names and the latest taxonomic insights.For each genus a taxonomic background,diversity aspects,species identification and classification based on molecular phylogeny and recommended genetic markers are provided.In this study,varieties of the genus Boeremia have been elevated to species level.Botryosphaeria,Bipolaris,Curvularia,Neofusicoccum and Phyllosticta that were included in the One Stop Shop 1 paper are provided with updated entries,as many new species have been introduced to these genera.