The effects of powders from dry flower buds of Eugenia aromatica Baill., seeds of Piper guineense Schum and Thonn and fruits of Capsicum frutescens L. on adult behaviour, mortality and reproductive fitness of the cowp...The effects of powders from dry flower buds of Eugenia aromatica Baill., seeds of Piper guineense Schum and Thonn and fruits of Capsicum frutescens L. on adult behaviour, mortality and reproductive fitness of the cowpea seed beetle, Callosobruchus maculatus (Fab.) were investigated under ambient laboratory conditions. All experiments were carried out in glass Petri plates. All powders elicited aversion in adult beetles. The contact toxicity symptoms included restlessness, loss of coordination, knock down and eventual death of adult beetles. These behaviours were more pronounced with E. aromatica in which adult beetles died within 16 hours. P. guineense and C. frutescens powders did not cause 100% mortality of adult beetles, even after 24 hours. Each of the three powders significantly (P<0.05) reduced the mating competition of adult males after sub-lethal exposure for one, two, and three hours, respectively. E. aromatica powder caused more reduction in male mating competition for females than any of the other two powders after each period of exposure. Receptiveness of treated females to courting males was also decreased by exposure to any of the three powders. Similarly, E. aromatica powder caused greater decreases in female receptiveness to males than any of the other two powders after each period of exposure. Exposure of either adult male or female C. maculatus to the powders for sub-lethal times of three, six and nine hours significantly reduced the fecundity of the beetles. E. aromatica powder caused the most reduction of eggs laid and also significantly reduced fertility of the eggs.展开更多
In this study, water hyacinth powder-reinforced polymer composites with eggshell filler material are investigated for their mechanical, absorption, morphological, thermal, and characterization properties. Hyacinth pow...In this study, water hyacinth powder-reinforced polymer composites with eggshell filler material are investigated for their mechanical, absorption, morphological, thermal, and characterization properties. Hyacinth powder particles have not been extensively studied in polymer composites. This study investigates the use of eggshell powder for composites made from hyacinth powder. The use of hyacinth powder improves the mechanical properties of composites. With the help of the powder particles, composite samples are produced by compression moulding using an epoxy polymer matrix. 5% eggshell filler varied from 18.25 to 33.64 MPa for tensile strength, 40.28–49.66 MPa for flexural strength, and 2.45–4.75 J for impact strength. X-ray diffraction and Fourier transforms can be used to determine chemical groups, function groups, and crystallinity indexes. Powder particles can be observed by scanning electron microscopes in terms of their bonding behavior, eggshell powder combinations, and primary- and secondary-phase material absorption. According to the research presented in this paper, commercial particleboard applications can benefit substantially from hyacinth powder particles reinforced with eggshell fillers.展开更多
文摘The effects of powders from dry flower buds of Eugenia aromatica Baill., seeds of Piper guineense Schum and Thonn and fruits of Capsicum frutescens L. on adult behaviour, mortality and reproductive fitness of the cowpea seed beetle, Callosobruchus maculatus (Fab.) were investigated under ambient laboratory conditions. All experiments were carried out in glass Petri plates. All powders elicited aversion in adult beetles. The contact toxicity symptoms included restlessness, loss of coordination, knock down and eventual death of adult beetles. These behaviours were more pronounced with E. aromatica in which adult beetles died within 16 hours. P. guineense and C. frutescens powders did not cause 100% mortality of adult beetles, even after 24 hours. Each of the three powders significantly (P<0.05) reduced the mating competition of adult males after sub-lethal exposure for one, two, and three hours, respectively. E. aromatica powder caused more reduction in male mating competition for females than any of the other two powders after each period of exposure. Receptiveness of treated females to courting males was also decreased by exposure to any of the three powders. Similarly, E. aromatica powder caused greater decreases in female receptiveness to males than any of the other two powders after each period of exposure. Exposure of either adult male or female C. maculatus to the powders for sub-lethal times of three, six and nine hours significantly reduced the fecundity of the beetles. E. aromatica powder caused the most reduction of eggs laid and also significantly reduced fertility of the eggs.
文摘In this study, water hyacinth powder-reinforced polymer composites with eggshell filler material are investigated for their mechanical, absorption, morphological, thermal, and characterization properties. Hyacinth powder particles have not been extensively studied in polymer composites. This study investigates the use of eggshell powder for composites made from hyacinth powder. The use of hyacinth powder improves the mechanical properties of composites. With the help of the powder particles, composite samples are produced by compression moulding using an epoxy polymer matrix. 5% eggshell filler varied from 18.25 to 33.64 MPa for tensile strength, 40.28–49.66 MPa for flexural strength, and 2.45–4.75 J for impact strength. X-ray diffraction and Fourier transforms can be used to determine chemical groups, function groups, and crystallinity indexes. Powder particles can be observed by scanning electron microscopes in terms of their bonding behavior, eggshell powder combinations, and primary- and secondary-phase material absorption. According to the research presented in this paper, commercial particleboard applications can benefit substantially from hyacinth powder particles reinforced with eggshell fillers.
