Best tracking performance for integrator and dead time plant

The optimal tracking performance for integrator and dead time plant in the case where plant uncertainty and control energy constraints are to be considered jointly is inrestigated. Firstly, an average cost function of the tracking error and the plant input energy over a class of stochastic model errors are defined. Then, we obtain an internal model controller design method that minimizes the average performance and further studies optimal tracking performance for integrator and dead time plant in the simultaneous presence of plant uncertainty and control energy constraint. The results can be used to evaluate optimal tracking performance and control energy in practical designs.

Data—mining massive real—time data in a power plant：challenges,problems and solutions

Nowadays,the scale of data nomally stored in a database collected by Data Acquisition system (DAS) or Distributed Control System(DCS) in a power plant is becoming larger and larger,However there are abundant valuable knowledge hidden behind them.It will be beyond people's capacity to analyze and understand these data stored in such a scale databased.Fortunately data-mining techniques are arising at the historic moment.In this paper,we explain the basic concept and general knowledge of data-mining;analyze the characteristics and research method of data-mining;give some typical applications of data-mining system based on power plant real-time database on intranet.

Dynamics of a Nonautonomous Plant Disease Model with General Nonlinear Incidence Rate and Time-Varying Impulse

In this paper, for controlling the spread of plant diseases, a nonautonomous SEIS (Susceptible → Exposed → Infectious → Susceptible) epidemic model with a general nonlinear incidence rate and time-varying impulsive control strategy is proposed and investigated. This novel model could result in an objective criterion on how to control plant disease transmission by replanting of healthy plants and removal of infected plants. Using the method of small amplitude perturbation, the sufficient conditions under which guarantee the globally attractive of the disease-free periodic solution and the permanence of the disease are obtained, that is, the disease dies out if R12>1.

Application of Real-time Fluorescent Quantitative PCR in Studies on Plants

Real-Lime fluorescent quantitative PCR is a method for quantitative analysis of gene expression developed in recent years, which has been widely used in various fields such as basic scientific research, clinical diagnosis, disease study, drug research and development since its appearance. It starts relatively late in study on plants, but has already been used for analysis of gene expression in plants and gene identification of exogenous genes. The principles or advantages and dis- advantages of real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR, or its potential problems and condition optimizations in tests were introduced in this study, and then the appli- cation and prospect of real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR in study on plants were also been discussed.

基于改进深度Q网络的虚拟电厂实时优化调度

深度强化学习算法以数据为驱动,且不依赖具体模型,能有效应对虚拟电厂运营中的复杂性问题。然而,现有算法难以严格执行操作约束,在实际系统中的应用受到限制。为了克服这一问题,提出了一种基于深度强化学习的改进深度Q网络(improved deep Q-network,MDQN)算法。该算法将深度神经网络表达为混合整数规划公式,以确保在动作空间内严格执行所有操作约束,从而保证了所制定的调度在实际运行中的可行性。此外,还进行了敏感性分析,以灵活地调整超参数,为算法的优化提供了更大的灵活性。最后,通过对比实验验证了MDQN算法的优越性能。该算法为应对虚拟电厂运营中的复杂性问题提供了一种有效的解决方案。

Effect of Plant Ash on Nutrient Quality and Antioxidant Activity of African Yam Bean Seed Porridge in Relation to Cooking Time

The present study aimed to investigate the nutrient quality, antioxidant activity and sensory acceptability of hard-to-cook African yam bean (AYB) seeds cooked for 5 h (control) and for 2 h with plant ash. The plant ash were unripe plantain peel ash (UPA), corn cob ash (CCA) and UPA and CCA mixture. Standard methods of Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC) were used for the proximate and mineral analysis, DPPH, ABTS and FRAP assays were used to investigate the antioxidant activity. A completely randomized design with one way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used for data analysis. The results showed that cooking of AYB seeds for 2 h with 8 g/100mL plant ash solution improved the nutrient contents, antioxidant activity and sensory scores of the porridge. Higher values of proteins, ash and energy were obtained in 8 g/100mL UPA/CCA and in 8 g/100mL CCA additives. However, moisture, fat and fibre contents were not affected by plant ash additives and were higher in 5 h cooked porridge. Cooking with 8 g/100mL plant ash solution for 2 h significantly increased mineral elements in the porridge. Phenolic compounds (total polyphenols and flavonoids), and antioxidant activity (DPPH, ABTS and FRAP) showed higher values with plant ash additives. This study reveals that addition of plant ash did not only reduce the cooking time of AYB seed by 60%, but also improved the nutrient quality, antioxidant activity and sensory acceptability.

SRDAAR－QNPP：a computer code system for the real－time dose assessment of an accident release for Qinshan Nuclear Power Plant

The paper presents a computer code system 'SRDAAR- QNPP' for the real-time dose as-sessment of an accident release for Qinshan Nuclear Power Plant. It includes three parts:thereal-time data acquisition system, assessment computer. and the assessment operating code system. InSRDAAR-QNPP, the wind field of the surface and the lower levels are determined hourly by using amass consistent three-dimension diasnosis model with the topographic following coordinate system.A Lagrangin Puff model under changing meteorological condition is adopted for atmosphericdispersion, the correction for dry and wet depositions. physical decay and partial plume penetrationof the top inversion and the deviation of plume axis caused by complex terrain have been taken in-to account. The calculation domain areas include three square grid areas with the sideline 10 km, 40krn and 160 km and a grid interval 0.5 km, 2.0 km, 8.0 km respectively. Three exposure pathwaysare taken into account:the external exposure from immersion cloud and passing puff, the internalexposure from inhalation and the external exposure from contaminated ground. This system is ableto provide the results of concentration and dose distributions within 10 minutes after the data havebeen inputed.

Native Species Composition and Diversity of Valuable Woody Plants Regeneration during Fallow Period in Kamwatta, Moruca, Guyana

An intelligent method of shifting cultivation to regenerate vegetation after a long fallow period is critical information for restoration strategies. The literature review identified that the assessment of woody plant species on abandoned farmland has never been done before in Kamwatta, Moruca Region 1. In addition, more information should be available in indigenous communities and at the national level, including more documentation of the utilization of natural resources by the Warrau community. This study assessed the valuable woody plant species that grew during the fallow periods. Nine farmlands were randomly selected along a 100 m transect, each with varying fallow periods. In order to collect information on the age of farm abandonment, the researcher employed a mixed-methods approach. First, we found how long each farm had been fallow by administering a semi-structured questionnaire. Then, we conducted a flora survey to gain information on the variety and abundance of valuable plants using the age of farm abandonment as a dependent variable. The data analysis included the number of valuable woody trees with a diameter of >10 cm, seedlings and saplings with a diameter of <10 cm, the location of identified trees, and the uses of identified tree species. Microsoft Excel was used to code and analyze the questionnaire, while QGIS, Shannon’s Index of Diversity, and Simple Linear Regression were used to analyze the inventory data. The results showed that the respondents listed 38 valuable woody species, and 79% occurred in the studied area. The field verification revealed that the dominant family in the area was Mimosaceae. Species abundance increased with fallow up to 10 years before declining in the latter years. Plant diversity and abundance had a weak relationship with the age of abandoned farmlands for woody trees, while the seedlings and saplings showed no relationship.

基于风电分时电价的虚拟电厂参与清洁供暖运营优化方法

随着“碳达峰、碳中和”目标的提出,迅速发展的风电由于其随机性与波动性,面临突出的风电消纳问题。蓄热式电采暖作为中国北方地区主要供暖设备,虚拟电厂作为需求侧资源的主要聚合技术手段,聚合蓄热式电采暖的虚拟电厂可为消纳风电、提高风电利用率提供解决途径。对此,提出一种基于风电功率的分时电价划分方法,实现虚拟电厂聚合蓄热式电采暖参与基于分时电价的清洁供暖交易优化运营。首先,阐述虚拟电厂聚合蓄热式电采暖用户参与风电供暖的交易模式;其次,考虑热惯性对蓄热式电采暖和房屋进行精细化建模,提出基于层次凝聚聚类算法的分时电价方法,建立基于Weber-Fechner定律的负荷模糊响应模型,并构建多方主体综合收益最大、弃风量最小和负荷波动最小的虚拟电厂多目标运营优化模型;最后,通过算例分析风电消纳效果和虚拟电厂收益,验证该方法能够有效促进风电消纳、提高多方主体积极性,并具有一定的规模经济性,以期为缓解弃风问题提供参考。

积雪变化对陆地生态系统植被特征和土壤碳氮过程的影响

在季节性积雪地区,冬季气候变暖导致积雪变薄、积雪不连续、融雪提前及雪盖面积缩小等现象。然而相较于氮沉降、增温、降水变化等全球变化因子,目前尚缺乏积雪因子对陆地生态系统过程和功能影响的系统报道。为加深人们对积雪特征变化生态后果的认知,综述了积雪深度和融雪时间变化对植被物候和群落组成、凋落物分解、土壤碳氮过程、温室气体排放和土壤微食物网(土壤动物和微生物)的影响。由于模拟积雪变化手段不同和复杂的气候、土壤背景,生态系统各要素对积雪特征变化的响应规律存在较大的分异和不确定性。例如,在未来气候变暖导致积雪变薄和融雪提前情景下,植被物候提前,生长季延长,导致生产力增加和凋落物数量增加,禾草比例减少导致凋落物质量增加,早春温度高刺激微生物活性,凋落物分解速率高,促进土壤碳氮周转过程。但积雪减少和融雪提前导致的早春低温和夏季干旱也可能引起植被生产力下降,凋落物数量减少质量降低,土壤微生物活性低,分解速率低,从而减缓碳氮周转过程。此外,积雪特征变化对植被特征和土壤碳氮过程影响相关研究目前还存在以下问题:1)积雪深度和融雪时间对生态系统的影响是否存在交互效应仍缺乏关注,且积雪变化对后续生长季是否存在持续效应也不明确;2)积雪因子对植被、土壤碳氮动态过程和土壤生物的影响,各生态要素研究相对较为独立;3)积雪变化引起对土壤地化循环过程影响的微生物驱动机制缺乏组学数据支撑;4)缺乏遥感手段反演各类影响生态系统功能和过程的积雪参数。应加强植被群落-土壤碳氮过程-土壤微食物网生态关联研究、基于基因组学的土壤微生物群落组成和生态功能研究和遥感相关技术研究,以期为发展积雪生态学提供参考。

我国粮食种植生态效率时空演进与区域差异研究

论文以2006—2020年我国31个省份为研究对象,基于碳排放视角构建粮食种植生态效率水平评价体系,运用SBM模型、莫兰指数、Dagum基尼系数、收敛性分析等工具对我国粮食种植生态效率时空演进及区域差异进行分析,结论如下:(1)我国粮食种植生态效率呈波动上升趋势,但略低于传统粮食种植效率,效率水平有待提升。(2)我国不同省份及地区之间粮食生态效率水平差异较大,西部及东部地区水平较高,中部地区水平较低。我国粮食种植生态效率空间自相关特征显著,呈现出集聚特征。(3)我国粮食种植生态效率总体基尼系数波动下降,地区间差距是导致粮食种植生态效率区域差异的主要因素,且σ收敛特征明显。基于以上结论提出加强粮食绿色发展意识、建立区域协同机制、因地制宜制定政策的建议。

过量表达大豆异丙基苹果酸脱氢酶基因GmIPMDH促进植株开花和生长

异丙基苹果酸合成酶(isopropylmalate synthase,IPMS)和异丙基苹果酸脱氢酶(isopropylmalate dehydrogenase,IPMDH)是亮氨酸生物合成中的重要限速酶,但二者在植物生长发育中的功能鲜有报道。本研究对拟南芥AtIPMDH2基因在大豆中的同源基因GmIPMDH进行了克隆和分析。该基因编码的氨基酸序列中含有Iso_dh亚家族保守结构域,且启动子中含有大量的光反应元件及激素应答元件。实时荧光定量PCR显示大豆叶片中GmIPMDH的表达量随着植株的生长发育逐渐升高。对GmIPMDH进行了烟草的异位表达和大豆的过量表达,表型分析发现GmIPMDH的过量表达显著提前了烟草和大豆的开花时间,且株高和节数均显著增加。转录组分析显示,GmIPMDH过量表达大豆叶片中的若干开花相关基因及赤霉素合成相关基因的表达量发生变化,推测GmIPMDH可能通过赤霉素合成通路参与赤霉素介导的植物开花诱导和株型调控。本研究首次阐明了GmIPMDH在开花期调控中的作用,为今后进一步研究GmIPMDH调控大豆开花和生长发育的分子机制提供了一定的基础。

基于eM-Plant的车辆路径问题仿真模型

针对动态车辆路径问题难以求解这一问题,提出了用仿真的方法求解随机约束条件下车辆路径问题的新思路。建立了需求量及行驶速度随机变动情况下的有时间窗的车辆路径问题的数学模型;运用面向对象的离散事件系统仿真建模方法,对系统的类与属性进行分析,提出了面向对象的车辆路径问题仿真模型的总体结构;基于物流系统仿真平台eM-P lan t设计了随机约束条件下车辆路径问题的仿真模型,并实现了对该问题的求解。实验结果表明该仿真模型是有效性的。

基于功率信号分析的光伏电站故障诊断方法

为提高光伏电站故障诊断精度,提出一种基于功率信号分析的光伏电站故障诊断方法。首先,用卷积神经网络结合长短记忆CNN-LSTM(convolutional neural networks-long short-term memory)模型和岭回归模型对历史发电的时序信息进行充分挖掘,再依据实际与预测发电功率之间的动态时间规整DTW(dynamic time warping)距离进行电站故障检测;其次,提出一个基于实际发电功率频域特征的故障分类指标,建立分类规则库,将电站故障分为通信故障、设备故障、限电故障,结合故障影响等效发电小时数评估电站故障程度;最后,通过算例分析验证了该算法的有效性。

植保无人机实时变量喷洒控制系统设计与试验

针对目前植保无人机在手动作业时,需要人为控制农药流量大小和植保机飞行速度,无法实现农药流量和飞行速度的实时匹配,造成农药喷洒不均匀的问题,开发了一种实时变量农药喷洒的控制系统。系统以STM32F103ZET6单片机为核心,使用GPS北斗定位模块进行速度和位置信息采集,基于PWM技术控制离心喷头的转速和水泵的药液流量,通过流量计反馈实时流量,形成闭环系统,并使用PID算法对整个系统进行精准控制。工作时,基于USART HMI串口屏设计的上位机远程实时地控制离心喷头转速和农药流量,同时在上位机的液晶屏幕上显示飞行参数等信息。试验结果表明:植保无人机实时变量喷洒控制系统可行,系统开机初始化时间为3.5s;在地面站离主设备1m~1km之间,系统响应时间为10~45ms之间,且农药流量控制系统的实际流量和理论流量之间的平均误差为2.2%。

实验教学用植物活体荧光影像系统的研制

通过植物培养及拍摄系统的开发,研制低成本的植物活体荧光影像系统。该系统采用双层箱体结构设计,分为恒温光照培养系统和荧光记录系统两部分,可以为植物生长发育提供所需的生命支撑功能,还能实时获取植物生长发育过程中的关键图像,包括监控转基因植物发育过程中荧光信号的时空模式。利用该系统成功地对EGFP转基因烟草和拟南芥进行培养和实时观察。低廉的成本极大地扩展了该系统在实验教学中的运用,也为生命活动的观察和检测研究奠定基础。

考虑分时碳价的虚拟电厂分布鲁棒竞标方法

为了探索双碳目标下虚拟电厂(virtual power plants,VPP)低碳、经济的竞标策略,提出了一种基于分时碳价和分布鲁棒优化思想的VPP参与日前多类市场的竞标策略。从减小电力市场运营成本的角度,提出了一种与电价负相关的分时碳价,采用基准线法为VPP无偿分配碳配额,计算新能源发电的国家核证减排量;综合考虑碳交易市场、能量市场和调峰市场的情况,搭建了VPP参与多类市场的竞标模型;针对风电的不确定性,构建了基于数据驱动的分布鲁棒两阶段竞标模型,并采用列与约束生成算法求解。算例分析表明,分时碳价能够有效降低电力市场运营商的运行成本,提高VPP运营商的收益,所提的VPP竞标模型能给出不同市场的最优投标方案,而分布鲁棒能够兼顾经济性与鲁棒性。

三种复方植物精油驱蚊效果实验室观察研究

养殖场中滋生的大量蚊蝇可以在畜禽之间和人畜之间传播蚊媒病毒,不仅会对养殖场造成经济损失,而且还会严重威胁人类健康。本试验为了观察三种复方植物精油在实验室驱蚊的效果。我们根据国标GB/T 13917.9-2009规定的攻击力试验方法,通过使用小鼠模型来测定三种复方植物精油对白纹伊蚊的驱避时效。本试验结果显示在该试验中,以白纹伊蚊作为本次试验蚊虫,两种驱蚊花露水在2 h以内对昆明小鼠有效保护率在70%以上;复方植物精油(APEX)在2 h内对昆明小鼠的有效保护率达到40%;通过调整植物精油成分,复方植物精油(APEX-1)对昆明小鼠有效保护时间为2 h,而且在4 h内有效保护率均可达到80%以上;复方植物精油(APEX-2)型对昆明小鼠有效保护时间为2 h,而且在4 h内有效保护率均可达到90%以上。结果表明,复方植物精油(APEX)是一种有效的蚊蝇驱避剂,通过调整植物精油成分后,有效保护率达到80%以上,其高效绿色环保的优势在养殖场蚊蝇驱避方面有较大应用前景。

河北省冷棚大球盖菇起始种植时间区划研究

为探索河北省冷棚大球盖菇最佳起始种植时间,分析连续3年的冷棚内外气温数据得出大球盖菇起始种植气温指标,利用河北省近30年气温资料绘制适宜种植起始日期区划图,利用气温倾向率和Morlet小波分析进行波动性和周期分析。结果表明,河北省冷棚大球盖菇起始种植气温指标为棚外最高气温降至27℃以下;1991—2020年河北省冷棚大球盖菇起始种植时间日序257~274,平均265,逐年呈显著的推迟趋势(P<0.01),倾向率1.01d/10年;河北省冷棚大球盖菇起始种植时间整体从北到南、自西向东逐渐推迟。张家口市张北县开始最早,日序222,可于8月10日开始种植,邯郸市南部开始最晚,日序277,10月3日才可开始种植;冷棚大球盖菇起始种植时间存在明显的周期变化,表现为平缓-剧烈-平缓,10年左右的周期振荡最强,为第1主周期,第2主周期为4年。开展冷棚大球盖菇种植时间研究,可为精准种植提供科学依据。

栽培密度和收获期对工业大麻“云麻7号”主要农艺性状及花叶产量的影响

为了探明花叶用工业大麻在云南地区种植的最佳栽培密度和收获期,以云南主栽的工业大麻品种“云麻7号”为材料,分别于2019、2020年在云南省曲靖市沾益区进行大田随机区组试验。两年均设置4个栽培密度(0.5、1、2、3万株/hm^(2))和4个收获期(140、150、160、170 d),在收获期测定株高、茎粗、花叶产量、茎秆产量以及CBD含量等指标。于170 d收获时,两年的株高均在密度2万株/hm^(2)下达到最大值,分别为346.8 cm和267.1 cm,两年的茎粗均在密度0.5万株/hm^(2)下达到最大值,分别为44.3 mm和49.3 mm。2019年在140 d收获和3万株/hm^(2)密度条件下,花叶产量达到最大值3375 kg/hm^(2),2020年在170 d收获和2万株/hm^(2)密度条件下,花叶产量达到最大值5426 kg/hm^(2)。2019年在150 d收获和3万株/hm^(2)密度条件下,茎秆产量和地上部总产量均达到最大值,分别为7560 kg/hm^(2)和11014 kg/hm^(2),2020年在170 d收获2万株/hm^(2)密度条件下,茎秆产量达到最大值5632 kg/hm^(2),在170 d收获和3万株/hm^(2)密度下,地上部总产量达到最大值11001 kg/hm^(2)。大麻CBD含量两年均在160 d收获和1万株/hm^(2)密度条件下达到最大值,分别为1.2%和2.4%。栽培密度与收获期能影响工业大麻的花叶产量和CBD含量,栽培密度为3万株/hm^(2)和170 d时收获是“云麻7号”获得高产的重要栽培措施,同时在160 d收获和1万株/hm^(2)密度下栽培是获得高CBD含量的关键因素。