The effects of rice transplanters' transplanting settings(plant spacing and finger sticking area) on rice yield were investigated in two early-season rice cultivars:hybrid rice cultivar(Zhuliangyou 819) and conv...The effects of rice transplanters' transplanting settings(plant spacing and finger sticking area) on rice yield were investigated in two early-season rice cultivars:hybrid rice cultivar(Zhuliangyou 819) and conventional rice cultivar(Zhongjiazao 17).The results showed that,different transplanting settings resulted in different numbers of transplanted basic seedlings,and the rice yield was significantly correlated with the number of transplanted basic seedlings.The number of transplanted basic seedlings increased with the decrease of plant spacing and the increase of finger sticking area.The rate of lost hills of machine transplanting decreased with the increase of finger sticking area.The leaf area index and amount of dry matter accumulation were highly correlated with the number of transplanted basic seedlings.The average yield of the rice transplanted with a plant spacing of11.5 cm was higher than that with a plant spacing of 13.8 cm.In the field transplanted with the rice under the plant spacing of 13.8 cm,the rice yield increased with the increase of finger sticking area,and the finger sticking area of 2.23 cm2 showed the highest rice yield of 8 174.16 kg/hm2 of Zhuliangyou 819 and 7 925.54kg/hm2 of Zhongjiaozao17.In the field transplanted with the rice under the plant spacing of 11.5 cm,the rice yield was the highest with the finger sticking area of 1.83 cm2,and then decreased with the large finger sticking area.Under the plant spacing of 11.5 cm,the highest rice yields of Zhuliangyou 819 and Zhongjiaozao17 were 8 492.94 kg/hm2 and 8 000.23 kg/hm2,respectively.Therefore,the preferred machine transplanting settings for double-season early rice are a plant spacing of11.5 cm and a finger sticking area of 1.83 cm2,while the finger sticking area should be increased to 2.23 cm2 for conventional rice cultivars.展开更多
Using a split plot design, super high-yielding early rice "Zhongjiazao 17"and "Ganxin 203" and super high-yielding late rice "Ganxin 688" and "Wufengy-ouT025" were taken...Using a split plot design, super high-yielding early rice "Zhongjiazao 17"and "Ganxin 203" and super high-yielding late rice "Ganxin 688" and "Wufengy-ouT025" were taken as materials with planting density the same at 312 000 hil s/hm2, to explore the effects of RS/IS (Ratio of row spacing to intrarow row spacing) on yield, top three leaves morphological features and its relationship of them in 2011 and 2012. The results showed that, whether early or late rice, biomass, accumula-tion and apparent utilizing rate of nitrogen were lower in RS/IS5.0 (40.0 cm ×8.0 cm) treatment, but yield of rice was higher in RS/IS2.0 (25.0 cm ×12.8 cm) treatment;grain numbers per spike of rice was more in RS/IS2.8 (30.0 cm×10.7 cm) treatment, and thousand-grain weight of rice was higher in RS/IS1.3 (20.0 cm×16.0 cm) treat-ment. For 4 varieties of early or late rice aforementioned, basal angle, opening an-gle and leaf area of 2nd leaf from top were larger in RS/IS5.0 treatment, and basal angle and opening angle were smal er in RS/IS2.0 treatment and leaf area smal er in RS/IS1.3 treatment.展开更多
Thirty isolates of Magnaporthe grisea collected from 18 provinces/cities representing 21 pathotypes and 9 different lineages were inoculated to rice varieties with known resistance genes and some hybrid rices, convent...Thirty isolates of Magnaporthe grisea collected from 18 provinces/cities representing 21 pathotypes and 9 different lineages were inoculated to rice varieties with known resistance genes and some hybrid rices, conventional early indica and late japonica varieties cultivated recently in China. Virulence spectrum of the 30 isolates was very different, showing that they recognize numerous different resistance genes. Varieties also revealed very different resistance patterns showing that they carry different resistance genes or combinations of resistance genes. On the basis of comparisons with international differential varieties with known resistance genes, resistance genes in certain Chinese varieties could be speculated. The results indicated that some of them were resistant to most of the isolates tested and that they could be of interest as resistance sources for hybrid parents or to be planted in the field directly.展开更多
Field experiments were carried out in northern Zhejiang Province. Three insecticides (methamidophos,Shachongshuang and triazophos) were used to control the rice leaffolder Cnaphalocrocis medinalis and rice striped ste...Field experiments were carried out in northern Zhejiang Province. Three insecticides (methamidophos,Shachongshuang and triazophos) were used to control the rice leaffolder Cnaphalocrocis medinalis and rice striped stemborer Chilo suppressalis in rice fields during 18—27 days after transplantating. The impacts of timing and insecticides on the population development of brown planthopper Nilaparavata lugens was surveyed by direct counting on the plants or by tapping method.展开更多
江西是中国双季稻的主要种植地区。气候变化严重影响了双季稻生产。基于江西省1981—2022年逐日气象资料和双季稻作物资料,对DSSAT模型进行调参验证;利用验证后的DSSAT模型,分析江西省双季稻生长期和产量空间分布和时间变化趋势;采用t...江西是中国双季稻的主要种植地区。气候变化严重影响了双季稻生产。基于江西省1981—2022年逐日气象资料和双季稻作物资料,对DSSAT模型进行调参验证;利用验证后的DSSAT模型,分析江西省双季稻生长期和产量空间分布和时间变化趋势;采用t检验方法,明确气候变化对江西早稻和晚稻的影响差异。结果表明:(1)江西早稻(晚稻)播种期至开花期天数、播种期至成熟期天数和产量模拟值与观测值的归一化均方根误差分别为1.87%(1.86%)、2.05%(2.36%)和6.05%(7.30%),D指标分别为0.97(0.98)、0.96(0.96)和0.95(0.94);(2)固定播期和品种条件下,1981—2022年江西早稻和晚稻生长期均呈显著缩短趋势,平均每10年分别减少2.22 d和1.61 d;研究期间江西早稻和晚稻潜在产量均呈显著下降趋势,平均每10年分别减少181.30 kg hm^(-2)和276.16 kg hm^(-2);(3)t检验表明,江西早稻生长期气候倾向率极显著地小于晚稻,而江西早稻潜在产量气候倾向率极显著地大于晚稻。DSSAT模型可较好的模拟江西双季稻生长发育和产量。气候变化对江西早稻生长期和晚稻潜在产量影响更加明显。本研究为江西双季稻作物模型研究、产量预报和气候变化评估提供了科学依据。展开更多
文摘The effects of rice transplanters' transplanting settings(plant spacing and finger sticking area) on rice yield were investigated in two early-season rice cultivars:hybrid rice cultivar(Zhuliangyou 819) and conventional rice cultivar(Zhongjiazao 17).The results showed that,different transplanting settings resulted in different numbers of transplanted basic seedlings,and the rice yield was significantly correlated with the number of transplanted basic seedlings.The number of transplanted basic seedlings increased with the decrease of plant spacing and the increase of finger sticking area.The rate of lost hills of machine transplanting decreased with the increase of finger sticking area.The leaf area index and amount of dry matter accumulation were highly correlated with the number of transplanted basic seedlings.The average yield of the rice transplanted with a plant spacing of11.5 cm was higher than that with a plant spacing of 13.8 cm.In the field transplanted with the rice under the plant spacing of 13.8 cm,the rice yield increased with the increase of finger sticking area,and the finger sticking area of 2.23 cm2 showed the highest rice yield of 8 174.16 kg/hm2 of Zhuliangyou 819 and 7 925.54kg/hm2 of Zhongjiaozao17.In the field transplanted with the rice under the plant spacing of 11.5 cm,the rice yield was the highest with the finger sticking area of 1.83 cm2,and then decreased with the large finger sticking area.Under the plant spacing of 11.5 cm,the highest rice yields of Zhuliangyou 819 and Zhongjiaozao17 were 8 492.94 kg/hm2 and 8 000.23 kg/hm2,respectively.Therefore,the preferred machine transplanting settings for double-season early rice are a plant spacing of11.5 cm and a finger sticking area of 1.83 cm2,while the finger sticking area should be increased to 2.23 cm2 for conventional rice cultivars.
基金Supported by National Key Technology Research and Development Program of China(2012BAD15B03)the Youth Innovation Fund of Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences(2010-CQN004)~~
文摘Using a split plot design, super high-yielding early rice "Zhongjiazao 17"and "Ganxin 203" and super high-yielding late rice "Ganxin 688" and "Wufengy-ouT025" were taken as materials with planting density the same at 312 000 hil s/hm2, to explore the effects of RS/IS (Ratio of row spacing to intrarow row spacing) on yield, top three leaves morphological features and its relationship of them in 2011 and 2012. The results showed that, whether early or late rice, biomass, accumula-tion and apparent utilizing rate of nitrogen were lower in RS/IS5.0 (40.0 cm ×8.0 cm) treatment, but yield of rice was higher in RS/IS2.0 (25.0 cm ×12.8 cm) treatment;grain numbers per spike of rice was more in RS/IS2.8 (30.0 cm×10.7 cm) treatment, and thousand-grain weight of rice was higher in RS/IS1.3 (20.0 cm×16.0 cm) treat-ment. For 4 varieties of early or late rice aforementioned, basal angle, opening an-gle and leaf area of 2nd leaf from top were larger in RS/IS5.0 treatment, and basal angle and opening angle were smal er in RS/IS2.0 treatment and leaf area smal er in RS/IS1.3 treatment.
文摘Thirty isolates of Magnaporthe grisea collected from 18 provinces/cities representing 21 pathotypes and 9 different lineages were inoculated to rice varieties with known resistance genes and some hybrid rices, conventional early indica and late japonica varieties cultivated recently in China. Virulence spectrum of the 30 isolates was very different, showing that they recognize numerous different resistance genes. Varieties also revealed very different resistance patterns showing that they carry different resistance genes or combinations of resistance genes. On the basis of comparisons with international differential varieties with known resistance genes, resistance genes in certain Chinese varieties could be speculated. The results indicated that some of them were resistant to most of the isolates tested and that they could be of interest as resistance sources for hybrid parents or to be planted in the field directly.
文摘Field experiments were carried out in northern Zhejiang Province. Three insecticides (methamidophos,Shachongshuang and triazophos) were used to control the rice leaffolder Cnaphalocrocis medinalis and rice striped stemborer Chilo suppressalis in rice fields during 18—27 days after transplantating. The impacts of timing and insecticides on the population development of brown planthopper Nilaparavata lugens was surveyed by direct counting on the plants or by tapping method.
文摘江西是中国双季稻的主要种植地区。气候变化严重影响了双季稻生产。基于江西省1981—2022年逐日气象资料和双季稻作物资料,对DSSAT模型进行调参验证;利用验证后的DSSAT模型,分析江西省双季稻生长期和产量空间分布和时间变化趋势;采用t检验方法,明确气候变化对江西早稻和晚稻的影响差异。结果表明:(1)江西早稻(晚稻)播种期至开花期天数、播种期至成熟期天数和产量模拟值与观测值的归一化均方根误差分别为1.87%(1.86%)、2.05%(2.36%)和6.05%(7.30%),D指标分别为0.97(0.98)、0.96(0.96)和0.95(0.94);(2)固定播期和品种条件下,1981—2022年江西早稻和晚稻生长期均呈显著缩短趋势,平均每10年分别减少2.22 d和1.61 d;研究期间江西早稻和晚稻潜在产量均呈显著下降趋势,平均每10年分别减少181.30 kg hm^(-2)和276.16 kg hm^(-2);(3)t检验表明,江西早稻生长期气候倾向率极显著地小于晚稻,而江西早稻潜在产量气候倾向率极显著地大于晚稻。DSSAT模型可较好的模拟江西双季稻生长发育和产量。气候变化对江西早稻生长期和晚稻潜在产量影响更加明显。本研究为江西双季稻作物模型研究、产量预报和气候变化评估提供了科学依据。