FDTD Simulation on Power Absorption of Terahertz Electromagnetic Waves in Dense Plasma

A finite difference time domain （FDTD） method is used to numerically study the power absorption of broadband terahertz （0.1 - 1.5 THz） electromagnetic waves in a partially ionized uniform plasma layer under low pressure and atmosphere discharge conditions. The power absorption spectra are calculated numerically and the numerical results are in accordance with the analytic results. Meanwhile, the effects on the power absorption are calculated with different applied magnetic fields, collision frequencies and electron number densities, which depend strongly on those parameters. Under the dense strongly magnetized plasma conditions, the absorption gaps appear in the range of 0.3 - 0.36 THz, and are enlarged with the increasing electron number density.

FDTD Analysis of Reflection of Electromagnetic Wave From a Conductive Plane Covered with Inhomogeneous Time-Varying Plasma

A finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) algorithm is applied to study the electromagnetic reflection of conduction plane covered with inhomogeneous time-varying plasma, homogeneous plasma and inhomogeneous plasma. The collision frequency of plasma is a function of electron density and plasma temperature. The number density profile follows a parabolic function. A discussion on the effect of various plasma parameters on the reflection coefficient is presented. Under the one-dimensional case, transient electromagnetic propagation through various plasmas has been obtained, and the reflection coefficients of EM wave through various plasmas are calculated under different conditions. The results illustrate that a plasma cloaking system can successfully absorb the incident EM wave.

Study of plasma-based stable and ultrawideband electromagnetic wave absorption for stealth application

A plasma-based stable,ultra-wideband electromagnetic（EM） wave absorber structure is studied in this paper for stealth applications.The stability is maintained by a multi-layer structure with several plasma layers and dielectric layers distributed alternately.The plasma in each plasma layer is designed to be uniform,whereas it has a discrete nonuniform distribution from the overall view of the structure.The nonuniform distribution of the plasma is the key to obtaining ultra-wideband wave absorption.A discrete Epstein distribution model is put forward to constrain the nonuniform electron density of the plasma layers,by which the wave absorption range is extended to the ultra-wideband.Then,the scattering matrix method（SMM） is employed to analyze the electromagnetic reflection and absorption of the absorber structure.In the simulation,the validation of the proposed structure and model in ultra-wideband EM wave absorption is first illustrated by comparing the nonuniform plasma model with the uniform case.Then,the influence of various parameters on the EM wave reflection of the plasma are simulated and analyzed in detail,verifying the EM wave absorption performance of the absorber.The proposed structure and model are expected to be superior in some realistic applications,such as supersonic aircraft.

Attenuation characteristics of obliquely incident electromagnetic wave in weakly ionized dusty plasma based on modified Bhatnagar-Gross-Krook collision model

The attenuation characteristics of obliquely incident electromagnetic(EM) wave in L-Ka frequency band in weakly ionized dusty plasma are analyzed based on the modified Bhatnagar-Gross-Krook(BGK) collision model.According to the kinetic equation and the charging theory,the total complex dielectric constant of the weakly ionized dusty plasma is derived by considering that the minimum velocity of the electron accessible to the dust particle surface is non-zero and the second potential part of the collision cross-section contributes to the charging.The attenuation characteristics within the modified model are compared with those within the traditional model.The influence of the dusty plasma parameters and the incident angle of EM waves on the attenuation in weakly ionized dusty plasma is further analyzed.Finally,the influence of different reentry heights on the attenuation characteristics of the obliquely incident EM wave is discussed.The results show that the effect of the minimum electron velocity and the second term of the collision cross-section on the attenuation characteristics of EM waves cannot be ignored.When the dust density and dust radius are changed,the trends of the attenuation of obliquely incident EM waves are consistent,but the influence of dust density is weaker than that of dust radius due to the constraint of orbit-limited motion(OLM) theory.The plasma thickness,electron density,and incident angle are proportional to the attenuation amplitude of EM waves.The effect of different reentry heights on the attenuation obliquely incident EM waves is related to the electron density and plasma thickness.

Experimental and Simulational Studies on the Theoretical Model of the Plasma Absorption Probe

Plasma absorption probe （PAP） was developed for measuring the electron density in plasmas processing based on the surface-wave characteristics. In order to diagnose the plasma with lower density and higher pressure, a sensitive PAP was also developed. Both types of PAP were analyzed theoretically under the quasi-static approximation, which is highly problematic when a conductor exists in the resonance region of the probe. For this reason, a theoretical model for the PAP is presented in this paper. The model is derived from the electromagnetic wave equation. Its principle is then verified via experiments and numerical simulations. Both experimental and numerical results show that the electromagnetic theoretical model is valid as compared with the quasi-static model. Consequently, a new type of PAP, named as the electromagnetic PAP, is thus proposed for the measurement of electron density.

Piecewise linear recursive convolution FDTD method for magnetized plasmas

The piecewise linear recursive convolution （PLRC） finite-different time-domain （FDTD） method greatly improves accuracy over the original recursive convolution （RC） FDTD approach but retains its speed and efficiency advantages. A PLRC-FDTD formulation for magnetized plasma which incorporates both anisotropy and frequency dispersion at the same time is presented, enabled the transient analysis of magnetized plasma media. The technique is illustrated by numerical simulations the reflection and transmission coefficients through a magnetized plasma layer. The results show that the PLRC-FDTD method has significantly improved the accuracy over the original RC method.

A Revised Piecewise Linear Recursive Convolution FDTD Method for Magnetized Plasmas

The piecewise linear recursive convolution （PLRC） finite-different time-domain （FDTD） method improves accuracy over the original recursive convolution （RC） FDTD approach and current density convolution （JEC） but retains their advantages in speed and efficiency. This paper describes a revised piecewise linear recursive convolution PLRC-FDTD formulation for magnetized plasma which incorporates both anisotropy and frequency dispersion at the same time, enabling the transient analysis of magnetized plasma media. The technique is illustrated by numerical simulations of the reflection and transmission coefficients through a magnetized plasma layer. The results show that the revised PLRC-FDTD method has improved the accuracy over the original RC FDTD method and JEC FDTD method.

FDTD Numerical Simulation of Absorption of Microwaves in an Unmagnetized Atmosphere Plasma

Numerical simulations based on the finite-difference-time-domain （FDTD） approximation to multi-fluid equations for positive ions, negative ions and electrons are used to study high frequency electromagnetic wave propagation and absorption in an unmagnetized plasma layer. The interaction between the incident high frequency wave and the plasma layer shows that the existence of negative ions and the nonlinear effect reduces the power absorption capability of the plasma. Parameter dependences of the effects are calculated and discussed.

FDTD Simulation of Bistatic Scattering by Conductive Cylinder Covered with Inhomogeneous Time-Varying Plasma

A finite-different time-domain （FDTD） algorithm is applied in this paper to study the bistatic electromagnetic（EM） scattering by a conductive cylinder covered with inhomogeneous, collision, cold, time-varying plasma. The collision frequency of plasma is a function of the electron density and the pressure of the background gas. The plasma density follows any prescribed distribution function of the rise time of plasma and the radius of the column. The bistatic radar cross section （RCS） of the conductive cylinder covered with inhomogeneous time-varying plasma and inhomogeneous steady-state plasma is calculated under different conditions. The results illustrate that a plasma cloaking system can successfully reduce the RCS of the conductive cylinder.

SO-FDTD Analysis of the Plasma Reflectance of Epstein Distribution

The analysis of electromagnetic propagation in a dispersive medium is complicated in the time-domain because its dielectric constant is frequency-dependent. In this paper, the dielectric constant of the dispersive medium is written as a rational polynomial function, and the relationship between D and E is derived in the time-domain. It is referred to as the shift operator finite-different time-domain （SO-FDTD） method. Compared to an analytical solution and a piecewise linear current density recursive convolution （PLJERC） solution, the high accuracy and efl%iency of this method is verified by calculating the reflectance of the electromagnetic wave through a cold plasma slab. As the electron density in plasma is distributed as the Epstein formula, the effect of distribution grads and electron collision frequency on the reflectance is calculated by using the SO-FDTD method. The result shows that the increase in the distribution grads coefficient affects the reflectance sharply. When it comes to a smaller distribution grads coelBcient, the increase of the collision frequency showed a significant effect on the reflectance, but on the contrary, there is actually less and less effect till it disappears.

碰撞等离子体的高阶FDTD算法

给出了电磁波在均匀、碰撞等离子体中传播的四阶时间和四阶空间FDTD算法。该算法比Yee氏FDTD算法每一个网格每一维增加一个存储单元 ,与常规的二阶等离子体FDTD算法相同。由于采用四阶时间和四阶空间近似 ,因此该算法能有效地减小数字色散误差 ,其频带宽度比二阶算法的频带宽度更宽。为了验证该高阶算法的正确性 ,对均匀、碰撞等离子体平板的电磁波反射系数进行了计算 ,并与解析结果、二阶FDTD计算结果进行了比较 。

改进的磁化等离子体SO-FDTD方法

根据磁化等离子体的色散特性,给出了一种计算各向异性介质的改进的移位算子有限差分(Shift-Op-erator Finite Difference Time-domain,SO-FDTD)方法.该方法从Maxwell方程组入手,结合极化电流密度与磁化等离子体各参数的关系,推导得出电流密度的差分方程表达式,进而求出电场的差分迭代方程.应用该方法计算了磁化等离子体平板的反射、透射系数,通过与解析法和辅助方程法(Auxiliary Difference Equantion,ADE)的比较,验证了该算法的高效性和准确性.

等离子体与电磁波相互作用FDTD数值模拟

围绕等离子体与电磁波相互作用的问题,将气体分子动力学与电磁场理论相结合,基于玻尔兹曼方程和麦克斯韦方程建立了等离子体与电磁波相互作用自洽模型,为了对模型进行验证,将该方法与经典的电流密度卷积时域有限差分法进行对比,以一维情况下电磁波由自由空间向等离子体内传播为例,应用时域有限差分法对二者进行了数值仿真,仿真结果证明了所建立模型的正确性。此外,基于该模型仿真分析了等离子体参数对电磁波在等离子体中传播的影响,为等离子体与电磁波相互作用的研究提供了一种新思路和新方法。

Epstein分布非磁化等离子体隐身的FDTD分析

用一种新的色散介质的FDTD算法称为分段线性电流密度递归卷积FDTD算法(PLCDRC)分析了非磁化等离子体的隐身技术。通过计算等离子体平板对电磁波的反射和透射系数验证了该算法的高效性和高精度。计算了电子密度Epstein分布的不均匀非磁化等离子体覆盖目标的隐身效果。

温度、密度对目标等离子体隐身效果影响的FDTD分析

采用等温近似,给出覆盖目标的不均匀的、各项同性的、热的、碰撞的、等离子体的电磁反射的三维FDTD算法的公式。在一维条件下,计算了不同密度分布、不同温度的等离子体对电磁波的反射系数。给出了温度、密度对电磁波在等离子体中的碰撞吸收的影响。结果显示,增大等离子体的温度和密度将有利于等离子体对电磁波的吸收,增大吸收的带宽,减小等离子体覆盖目标对电磁波的反射。

利用FDTD法分析再入过程时计算区域入射波的引入

飞行器再入时形成的等离子体鞘套影响通信和雷达探测。利用FDTD方法分析等离子体鞘套与信号的相互作用具有精度高、算法简便和可移植等优点,但因其需要大量计算机资源,所以现阶段还只能分析某些特征部分的电磁学特性。利用有限计算机资源模拟电磁波在无限空间中的传播,需要一个恰当的一维辅助数组来实现等离子体层和飞行器表面的区域分割并将平面波引入到三维计算空间中。先在一维中编程实现,利用解析方法验证了一维程序的正确性,并利用一维辅助数组将编程推广到三维计算空间中。

FDTD方法建模均匀非磁化等离子体计算效率的改进(英文)

介绍了色散介质的移位算子时域有限差分方法(SO-FDTD).通过将色散介质的介电常数写成有理分式函数形式,推导出时域中电位移矢量D和电场强度E之间的关系,将此方法应用于计算电磁波在均匀非磁化等离子体中的传播.与ZT-FDTD方法计算的结果相比,SO-FDTD方法的计算精度得到了证实,数值结果进一步显示出这一算法计算效率高,消耗的计算机资源少.

导体平面覆盖抛物线分布不均匀等离子体的FDTD分析

用一种新的色散介质的FDTD算法——分段线性电流密度递归卷积FDTD算法分析了不均匀等离子体的隐身技术.通过计算一维碰撞等离子体平板对电磁波的反射和透射系数验证了该算法的高效性和高精度.对电子密度抛物线分布的不均匀非磁化等离子体覆盖雷达目标的隐身效果进行了时域和频域分析.

基于FDTD方法的电波在等离子体中传输特性

根据时域有限差分(Finite Difference Time Domain,FDTD)法的基本原理,分析了等离子体的物理场特性及数值计算,介绍了飞行器再入时等离子鞘的形成以及等离子体相对介电常数对波的衰减,通过三维FDTD和二维FDTD模拟了电磁波在等离子体中的传播情况,证明了FDTD方法是解决电磁波在复杂媒质中传播的一种有效方法,并探究了飞行器再入段黑障区通信的理论和方法。

等离子体快速制备中间相炭微球磁性复合材料及其吸波性能研究

利用高温等离子体一步快速制备了中间相炭微球(MCMB)负载的磁性纳米颗粒复合材料,磁性纳米颗粒生在MCMB表面,在6.54 GHz,厚度为3.5 mm时,该复合材料最佳反射损耗值可达-38.42 dB,当厚度降至2.5 mm时,材料最佳反射损耗值为-29.4 dB,有效吸收带宽拓宽为3.9 GHz(8.4~12.3 GHz)。结果表明,通过等离子快速高效制备纳米复合吸波材料具备可行性。