Propagation of Surface Modes in a Warm Non-Magnetized Quantum Plasma System

The propagation of surface modes in warm non-magnetized quantum plasma is investigated. The surface modes are assumed to propagate on the plane between vacuum and warm quantum plasma. The quantum hydrodynamic model including quantum diffraction effect （the Bohm potential） and quantum statistical pressure is used to derive a new dispersion relation of surface modes. The new dispersion relation of surface modes is analyzed in some special interesting cases. It is shown that the dispersion relation can be reduced to the earlier results in some special cases. The results indicate that the quantum effects can facilitate the propagation of surface modes in such a semi-bounded plasma system. This work is helpful to understand the physical characteristics of the surface modes and the bounded quantum plasma.

Observation of double pseudowaves in an ion-beam-plasma system

Pseudowaves, known as burst-ion signals, which are different from plasma normal modes, exist frequently in ion- wave excitation experiments when launching the waves by applying a pulsed voltage to a negatively biased grid. In previous experiments, only one kind of the pseudowave was observed. In this paper, we report the observation and identification of double pseudowaves in an ion-beam-plasma system. These pseudowaves originate from two ion groups： the burst of the beam ions and the burst of the background ions. It was observed that the burst of the background ions was in the case of high ion beam energy, while the burst of the beam ions was in the case of low ion beam energy. By observing the dependence of the signal velocities on the characteristics of the excitation voltage, these pseudowaves can be identified. It was also observed that the burst ion signal originating from the background ions can interact with slow beam mode and that originating from the beam ions can interact with fast beam mode.

Particle Growth in an Experimental Dusty Plasma System

The coagulation and growth process of dust particles is investigated through laboratory experiment in a plasma system. A large number of dust particles with different sizes and shapes are formed. The growth process is characterized by the scattering laser intensity and fractal dimension. The comparisons of dust particles and scattering laser intensity obtained at different rf powers are presented. The three-dimensional distribution of dust particles is also given. These results provide an experimental basis for dust growth investigation.

Structures and Dynamics of a Two-Dimensional Confined Dusty Plasma System

The influence of the confining potential strength and temperature on the structures and dynamics of a two-dimensional (2D) dusty plasma system is investigated through molecular dynamic (MD) simulation. The circular symmetric confining potential leads to the nonuniform packing of particles, that is, an inner core with a hexagon lattice surrounded by a few outer circular shells. Under the appropriate confining potential and temperature, the particle trajectories on middle shells form a series of concentric and nested hexagons due to tangential movements of particles.Mean square displacement, self-diffusion constant, pair correlation function, and the nearest bond are used to characterize the structural and dynamical properties of the system. With the increase of the confining potential, the radial and tangential movements of particles have different behaviors. With the increase of temperature, the radial and tangential motions strengthen, particle trajectories gradually become disordered, and the system gradually changes from a crystal or liquid state to a gas state.

The Spatial Effects of Antenna Configuration in a Large Area Inductively Coupled Plasma System for Flat Panel Displays

Spatial distributions of plasma parameters such as electron density, electron temperature and electric potential were investigated using a commercial simulation software （COMSOLTM） to predict the effects of antenna configuration in a large area inductively cou- pled plasma （ICP） system for flat panel displays. Nine planar antenna sets were evenly placed above a ceramic window. While the electron density was influenced by both the input current and gas pressure, the electron temperature and electric potential were dominantly affected by the gas pressure.

Pattern Formation in a Dusty Plasma System

A rich variety of dust patterns have been observed in a capacitively coupled rf discharge dusty plasma system. Dust particles are synthesized through chemical reaction of the filled gas mixture during discharge. Different patterns are formed in different stages of particle growth. In the early stage of particle growth, dust cloud can be formed by a large number of small particles, and its behavior appears to be fluid-like. Such interesting nonlinear phenomena as dust void and complex dust cloud patterns are observed in this stage. As dust particles grow, the particle size and structure can be controlled to follow two different routes. In one of the routes, the particles grow up in a ball-like shape and can be formed into regular lattice and cluster patterns. In the other, the particles grow up in a fractal shape.

Investigation of the performance of a pilot-scale barrel atmospheric plasma system for plasma activation of polymer particles

This study reports the development and performance of a pilot-scale barrel atmospheric plasma reactor for the atmospheric plasma activation treatment of polymer particles. The polymer particles treated included acrylonitrile butadiene styrene(ABS) and polypropylene(PP). These particles had diameters in the range of 3–5 mm. The initial studies were carried out using a laboratory-scale barrel reactor designed to treat polymer particle batch sizes of 20 g. A pilot-scale reactor that could treat 500 g particle batch sizes was then developed to facilitate pre-industrial-scale treatments. The effect of operating pulse density modulation(PDM) in the range 10%–100% and plasma treatment time on the level of activation of the treated polymers were then investigated. ABS revealed a larger decrease in water contact angle compared with PP after plasma treatment under the same conditions. The optimal treatment time of ABS(400 g of polymer particles) in the pilot-scale reactor was 15 min. The plasma-activated polymer particles were used to fabricate dog-bone polymer parts through injection molding.Mechanical testing of the resulting dog-bone polymer parts revealed a 10.5% increase in tensile strength compared with those fabricated using non-activated polymer particles.

The effect of positive/negative ion on the dust grain charging process in a Vasyliunas-Cairns (VC)-distributed dusty plasma system

Charging mechanism of dust particles has been considered as a growing research area in dusty plasma physics because of its exciting results.In this paper,we consider a low-temperature non-equilibrium multispecies plasma model,which consists of Vasyliunas-Caims (VC) distributed electrons,negative/positive streaming ions,and negatively-charged dust grains to explain the charging mechanism of dust grains.The main theme of this work is to derive expressions of currents for negatively-charged dust grains (considering an equilibrium state position) in the plasma environment comprised of electrons and positive/negative streaming ions using the VC distribution function.Our proposed model shows that the dust grain surface potential is significantly affected by different plasma parameters such as the negative ion streaming velocity (Sn),positive ion streaming velocity (Si),spectral indices of VC distribution,negative ion charging state (Zn),positive ion charging state (Zi),and negative ion number density (ρ).

Control of Beam Energy and Flux Ratio in an Ion-Beam-Background Plasma System Produced in a Double Plasma Device

Plasmas containing ion beams have various applications both in plasma technology and in fundamental research. The ion beam energy and flux are the two factors characterizing the beam properties. Previous studies have not achieved the independent adjustment of these two parameters. In this paper, an ion-beam-background-plasma system was produced with hotcathode discharge in a double plasma device separated by two adjacent grids, with which the beam energy and flux ratio （the ratio between the beam flux and total ion flux） can be controlled independently. It is shown that the discharge voltage （i.e., voltage across the hot-cathode and anode） and the voltage drop between the two separation grids can be used to effectively control the beam energy while the flux ratio is not affected by these voltages. The flux ratio depends sensitively on hot-filaments heating current whose influence on the beam energy is relatively weak, and thus enabling approximate control of the flux ratio

Observation of Vortex Patterns in a Magnetized Dusty Plasma System

Vortex patterns of dust particles have been observed in a magnetized dusty plasma system. The formation mechanism of two-dimensional （2D） vortex patterns has been investigated by analysing the forces acting on dust particles and molecular dynamics （MD） simulations in a 2D confined magnetized dusty plasma. It has been found that with a weak confining electric field and a strong magnetic field, the particles＇ trajectories will form a vortex shape. The simulation results agree with our experimental observations. In our experiments, vortex patterns can be induced via circular rotation of particles by changing the rf （radio-frequency） power in a magnetized dusty plasma.

Analysis of the critical active species for methylene blue decoloration in a dielectric barrier discharge plasma system

In the paper, a hybrid gas–liquid dielectric barrier discharge(DBD) plasma system was set up to treat a methylene blue(MB) solution. The effects of the change of the carrier gas, the gas bubbling rate and different kinds of scavenger addition, including sodium carbonate(Na_2CO_3),para benzoquinone(p-BQ), triethylenediamine and sodium dihydrogen phosphate(NaH_2PO_4),on the MB decoloration were reviewed to clarify the critical active species for the dye decoloration in the DBD plasma system. The obtained results show that higher decoloration of the MB solution could be achieved when O2 was used as the carrier gas, which could be 100% after 20 min discharge treatment, and the result confirmed the crucial effect of O_3 in the MB decoloration. Based on the experiments of the scavenger addition, it could be concluded that O_2·^- and ~1O_2 were two other important reactive oxygen species(ROS) for the MB decoloration.The results of the higher chemical oxygen demand removal and faster disappearance of the characteristic peak of the MB from the UV–vis analysis under O_2 bubbling conditions also proved the critical effect of the ROS formed by O_2 on the MB decoloration.

Nonlinear High Harmonics Generation in REB-Plasma System

The interaction of a relativistic electron beam (REB) with inhomogeneous, magneto-active, relativistic warm plasma is theoretically investigated. The nonlinear formation of waves at second and triple frequency at the inlet of the beam into the plasma is investigated. Effects of external static or oscillating magnetic field are considered. Nonlinear effects associated with the generation of second and triple harmonics, play an important role in the process of energy transfer from the beam to the plasma as compared with linear stage.

March Plasma Systems获得FlexTRAK-WR 200mm晶圆加工系统采购订单

诺信有限公司（Nordson Corporation）旗下子公司March Plasma Systems日前宣布，该公司已经获得了一家大型半导体制造公司的FlexTRAK—WR晶圆加工系统的确定订单。

Efficacy and safety of platelet-rich plasma intracavernous injection for patients with erectile dysfunction:A systematic review,meta-analysis,and meta-regression

ObjectiveIntracavernous injection might be offered to patients with erectile dysfunction (ED) who did not respond to the first-line oral treatment. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) might offer improvement in erectile function since it contains numerous growth factors. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of PRP intracavernous injection for patients with ED.MethodsWe conducted relevant literature searches on Cochrane Library, Medline, Scopus, and ClinicalTrials.gov databases using specific keywords. The results of continuous variables were pooled into the mean difference (MD) and dichotomous variables into the odds ratio along with 95% confidence interval (95% CI).ResultsA total of six studies were included. Our pooled analysis revealed that PRP intracavernous injection was associated with a significant increase in the erectile function domain of the International Index of Erectile Function at 1 month (MD 3.47 [95% CI 2.62–4.32], p<0.00001, I^(2)=7%), 3 months (MD 3.19 [95% CI 2.25–4.12], p<0.00001, I^(2)=0%), and 6 months (MD 3.21 [95% CI 2.30–4.13], p<0.00001, I^(2)=0%) after the intervention when compared with baseline values. PRP was also superior to a placebo in terms of improvement in erectile function domain of the International Index of Erectile Function score at 1 month (MD 2.83, p<0.00001), 3 months (MD 2.87, p<0.00001), and 6 months (MD 3.20, p<0.00001) post-intervention. The adverse events from PRP injection were only mild without any serious adverse events.ConclusionPRP intracavernous injection may offer benefits in improving erectile function in patients with ED with a relatively good safety profile.

Plasma nitrogen fixation system with dual-loop enhancement for improved energy efficiency and its efficacy for lettuce cultivation

Plasma nitrogen fixation(PNF)has been emerging as a promising technology for greenhouse gasfree and renewable energy-based agriculture.Yet,most PNF studies seldom address practical application-specific issues.In this work,we present the development of a compact and automatic PNF system for on-site agricultural applications.The system utilized a gliding-arc discharge as the plasma source and employed a dual-loop design to generate NO_(x)from air and water under atmospheric conditions.Experimental results showed that the system with a dualloop design performs well in terms of energy costs and production rates.Optimal operational parameters for the system were determined through experimentation,resulting in an energy cost of 13.9 MJ mol^(-1)and an energy efficiency of 16 g kWh^(-1)for NO_(3)^(-)production,respectively.Moreover,the concentration of exhausted NO_(x)was below the emission standards.Soilless lettuce cultivation experiments demonstrated that NO_(x)^(-)produced by the PNF system could serve as liquid nitrate nitrogen fertilizer.Overall,our work demonstrates the potential of the developed PNF system for on-site application in the production of green-leaf vegetables.

Efficacy of intraovarian autologous platelet-rich plasma administration in women with low ovarian reserve: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Objective:To conduct a systematic examination and meta-analysis of the most reliable data from experimental studies evaluating the efficacy of autologous platelet-rich plasma(PRP)on low ovarian reserve.Methods:A comprehensive search was performed utilizing pertinent search terms across electronic databases,including PubMed,Cochrane,and Google Scholar.We included studies that assigned infertile women with low ovarian reserve in experimental studies.Ovarian reserve parameters were measured before and after PRP injection into ovaries.The data of each study was retrieved and subsequently compiled.Results:Of 301 articles collected and reviewed,six studies were finally included in the meta-analysis.Following PRP injection,infertile women showed a non-significant increase in anti-Mullerian hormone(AMH)level(MD=0.10;95%CI-0.04,0.23),a significant increase in antral follicular count(AFC)(MD=1.88;95%CI 0.47,3.29),and a non-significant reduction in follicle-stimulating hormone(FSH)level(MD=-0.22;95%CI-8.32,7.87).Conclusions:Autologous PRP may increase AFC,but not AMH.Although it is found beneficial in enhancing ovarian reserve(AFC),further research with strong evidence is still required.

Double plasma molecular adsorption system for Stevens–Johnson syndrome/toxic epidermal necrolysis:A case report

BACKGROUND Stevens–Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis(SJS/TEN)are very serious skin allergies,with an etiology related to infections and medication.Since the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic,severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 has also been considered to cause SJS/TEN.CASE SUMMARY We report the case of a woman in her thirties who took acetaminophen after contracting COVID-19.After 3 d of fever relief,she experienced high fever and presented with SJS/TEN symptoms,accompanied by intrahepatic cholestasis.Three days of corticosteroid treatment did not alleviate the skin damage;therefore,double plasma molecular adsorption system(DPMAS)therapy was initiated,with treatment intervals of 48 h.Her skin symptoms improved gradually and were resolved after seven DPMAS treatments.CONCLUSION DPMAS therapy is beneficial for abrogating SJS/TEN because plasma adsorption and perfusion techniques reduce the inflammatory mediators(e.g.,tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-10 and-12)speculated to be involved in the pathology of the skin conditions.

Platelet-rich plasma for de Quervain’s tenosynovitis: A systematic review and meta-analysis

BACKGROUND Platelet-rich plasma(PRP)injection is used as an alternative non-operative management for de Quervain’s tenosynovitis(DQT)to regenerate tendon healing.AIM To assess and conclude the research-based study systematically to analyse the efficacy of PRP on DQT.METHODS This systematic review used the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews and the guideline of preferred reporting items for systematic review and metaanalysis.A systematic literature search was applied to 11 databases.The authors assessed the study quality and risk of bias of each included study.Results of the meta-analysis were presented using mean difference(MD)/standardized mean difference(SMD)and 95%condence interval(CI).RESULTS The authors evaluated 275 studies found in the literature search;12 studies met the criteria for this review,and then the study quality and risk of bias were assessed.Pooled analysis of data from two studies involving 194 subjects with DQT showed that,compared with conservative treatment,PRP injection was associated with a greater reduction in visual analog scale pain in one month and six months after treatment(MD:-0.67,P value<0.00001;MD:-1.16,P value<0.00001)and the increase of Mayo’s wrist score in one month and six months after treatment(SMD:3.72,P value<0.00001;SMD:4.44,P value<0.00001).CONCLUSION PRP can be used as an alternative non-operative treatment for DQT due to the tissue regenerative effect of PRP.

Design and Numerical Simulation of Dust Removal System for Sutomotive Iongitudinal Beam Plasma Cutting

To improve the poor efficiency of the dust removal system in the plasma cutting station of automotive longitudinal beams,and reduce the cutting surface quality degradation due to dust,a bottom-side suction dust removal system is designed,and the dust removal effect is optimized through the setting of the following dampers and diversion plates.The result of numerical simulation indicates that the particle collection rate can reach 99.44%,and the field test also proves the effectiveness of the dust removal system,which is of guiding significance for the transformation of other similar dust removal systems.

Storage time affects the level and diagnostic efficacy of plasma biomarkers for neurodegenerative diseases

Several promising plasma biomarker proteins,such as amyloid-β(Aβ),tau,neurofilament light chain,and glial fibrillary acidic protein,are widely used for the diagnosis of neurodegenerative diseases.However,little is known about the long-term stability of these biomarker proteins in plasma samples stored at-80°C.We aimed to explore how storage time would affect the diagnostic accuracy of these biomarkers using a large cohort.Plasma samples from 229 cognitively unimpaired individuals,encompassing healthy controls and those experiencing subjective cognitive decline,as well as 99 patients with cognitive impairment,comprising those with mild cognitive impairment and dementia,were acquired from the Sino Longitudinal Study on Cognitive Decline project.These samples were stored at-80°C for up to 6 years before being used in this study.Our results showed that plasma levels of Aβ42,Aβ40,neurofilament light chain,and glial fibrillary acidic protein were not significantly correlated with sample storage time.However,the level of total tau showed a negative correlation with sample storage time.Notably,in individuals without cognitive impairment,plasma levels of total protein and tau phosphorylated protein threonine 181(p-tau181)also showed a negative correlation with sample storage time.This was not observed in individuals with cognitive impairment.Consequently,we speculate that the diagnostic accuracy of plasma p-tau181 and the p-tau181 to total tau ratio may be influenced by sample storage time.Therefore,caution is advised when using these plasma biomarkers for the identification of neurodegenerative diseases,such as Alzheimer's disease.Furthermore,in cohort studies,it is important to consider the impact of storage time on the overall results.