Based on the analyses of the structural feature and the function requirements of newstyle bottle cap, the two fundamental components, the lining washer and the outer body, are abstracted as a plate and a cylinder with...Based on the analyses of the structural feature and the function requirements of newstyle bottle cap, the two fundamental components, the lining washer and the outer body, are abstracted as a plate and a cylinder with thin wall respectively. For simulating the deformation of the lining washer under equiaxial pressure, the modified Lagrangian finite element analysis is applied on the 228 triangular elements. Under assembly pressure, the plastoelastic deformation of both the lining washer and the outer body are studied in terms of Tresca＇s yield criterion and the limitation of the plastic deformation is presented when the two components are assembled into one unit. For the production of this kind of bottle cover, experiments are carried out by carefully measuring the changes of the diameter of lining washer as well as that of the outer body. It is shown that results from the experiments have a good agreement with the theoretical calculation and the maximum value of the allowable pressure has successfully been used in the design of newly developed bottle cap production system.展开更多
The crop production in the district of Kasaragod in Kerala State(India)is characterized by low input-low yield concept and rain-fed agriculture.A field study was conducted in Western Ghat region of the district to dev...The crop production in the district of Kasaragod in Kerala State(India)is characterized by low input-low yield concept and rain-fed agriculture.A field study was conducted in Western Ghat region of the district to develop a suitable rainwater harvesting system adoptable to hilly terrains and to test its efficacy for improving the use efficiency of the harvested water by its multiple uses.The cost-benefit analysis of the water harvesting system was also carried out to find out its affordability to farmers.The water harvesting system has been developed by integrating three components:(i)improving the productivity of coconut and component crops in the cropping units(ii)developing multiple water use systems,and(iii)the conjunctive use of the harvested water along with other surface and groundwater resources.Based on the estimated annual costs and returns,the Benefit-Cost ratio was found to be 1.69 and all other financial viability criteria(IRR and NPV)were also found favourable for investment on a lined water harvesting tank integrated with a micro-irrigation system and fish farming.The study suggested that the rainwater harvesting could be implemented as a viable alternative to conventional water supply or on-farm irrigation projects considering the fact that any land anywhere can be used to harvest rainwater.Further,the water use efficiency can be improved through effective harvesting and subsequent multiple uses of stored water.展开更多
基金This project is supported by Provincial Natural Science Fundation of Hei-longjiang, China (No.E0311) and Provincial Key Project of Heilingjiang,China (No.G99A13-1).
文摘Based on the analyses of the structural feature and the function requirements of newstyle bottle cap, the two fundamental components, the lining washer and the outer body, are abstracted as a plate and a cylinder with thin wall respectively. For simulating the deformation of the lining washer under equiaxial pressure, the modified Lagrangian finite element analysis is applied on the 228 triangular elements. Under assembly pressure, the plastoelastic deformation of both the lining washer and the outer body are studied in terms of Tresca＇s yield criterion and the limitation of the plastic deformation is presented when the two components are assembled into one unit. For the production of this kind of bottle cover, experiments are carried out by carefully measuring the changes of the diameter of lining washer as well as that of the outer body. It is shown that results from the experiments have a good agreement with the theoretical calculation and the maximum value of the allowable pressure has successfully been used in the design of newly developed bottle cap production system.
文摘The crop production in the district of Kasaragod in Kerala State(India)is characterized by low input-low yield concept and rain-fed agriculture.A field study was conducted in Western Ghat region of the district to develop a suitable rainwater harvesting system adoptable to hilly terrains and to test its efficacy for improving the use efficiency of the harvested water by its multiple uses.The cost-benefit analysis of the water harvesting system was also carried out to find out its affordability to farmers.The water harvesting system has been developed by integrating three components:(i)improving the productivity of coconut and component crops in the cropping units(ii)developing multiple water use systems,and(iii)the conjunctive use of the harvested water along with other surface and groundwater resources.Based on the estimated annual costs and returns,the Benefit-Cost ratio was found to be 1.69 and all other financial viability criteria(IRR and NPV)were also found favourable for investment on a lined water harvesting tank integrated with a micro-irrigation system and fish farming.The study suggested that the rainwater harvesting could be implemented as a viable alternative to conventional water supply or on-farm irrigation projects considering the fact that any land anywhere can be used to harvest rainwater.Further,the water use efficiency can be improved through effective harvesting and subsequent multiple uses of stored water.
