Optimization of Holding Temperature and Holding Thickness for Controlled Rolling on Plate Mill

Holding temperature and holding thickness are main parameters for two-phase controlled rolling on plate mill. The optimization of holding temperature and holding thickness for pass schedule calculation of two-phase controlled rolling on plate mill was presented and its feature is as follows： （1） Determination of holding thickness can be automatically obtained based on the influence of mill safety limits, tracking zone length and holding time on holding thickness; （2） Determination of holding temperature can be automatically obtained and the holding time can be reduced as much as possible; （3） Algorithm can modify the holding temperature and thickness depending on slab size and product size.

Volar locking distal radius plates show better short-term results than other treatment options: A prospective randomised controlled trial

AIM To compare the outcomes of displaced distal radius fractures treated with volar locking plates and with immediate postoperative mobilisation with the outcomes of these fractures treated with modalities that necessitate 6 wk wrist immobilisation.METHODS A prospective, randomised controlled single-centre trial was conducted with 56 patients who had a displaced radius fracture were randomised to treatment either with a volar locking plate(n = 29), or another treatment modality(n = 27; cast immobilisation with or without wires or external fixator). Outcomes were measured at 12 wk. Functional outcome scores measured were the Patient-Rated Wrist Evaluation(PRWE) Score; Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand and activities of daily living(ADLs). Clinical outcomes were wrist range of motion and grip strength. Radiographic parameters were volar inclination and ulnar variance.RESULTS Patients in the volar locking plate group had significantly better PRWE scores, ADL scores, grip strength and range of extension at three months compared with the control group. All radiological parameters were significantly better in the volar locking plate group at 3 mo. CONCLUSION The present study suggests that volar locking plates produced significantly better functional and clinical outcomes at 3 mo compared with other treatment modalities. Anatomical reduction was significantly more likely to be preserved in the plating group. Level of evidence: Ⅱ.

LAMINATED PIEZOELECTRIC PLATE FOR ACTIVE UNDERWATER ACOUSTIC CONTROL

The pressure reflected from a bi-laminated piezoelectric plate hasbeen determined using the Thomson-Haskell matrix method. The plate iscomposed of a piezoelectric layer with grounded vacuum and An elasticlayer in contact with the fluid. An incident plane wave in the fluidmedium strikes the plate at dif- Ferent angles. The required electricpotential across the piezoelectric layer to cancel the reflectionfrom the Fluid/elastic boundary has been determined for thepiezoelectric material PZT-5 at various thickness parame- Ters andincident frequencies.

Short Stroke Control with Gaussian Curve and PSO Algorithm in Plate Rolling Process

The precision width control is vital for product quality and production economy in plate width control process,so short stroke control method was used in plate rolling by opening or closing edger gap so as to avoid head end necking.Head end necking on different broadening ratio was analyzed,and sections of different elongations at edger rolling was calculated;based on the law of volume constancy,the adjustment functions were described by parabolic functions.Control curves were developed with three Gaussian curves by means of additional combining;SSC control curve was changed with different weights of those curves,w_1effect one-third of SSC length,w_2effect two-third of SSC length,w_3effect all three parts of SSC length.In order to adjust the amount of weights for precise quantification,PSO algorithm was used to build sufficiency function so as to obtain best rectangular degree by global optimization.Practical applications showed that the method proposed is available to improve the product rolling yields by 1.0%-2.0%and worthy to apply to plate rolling.

A wavelet approach for active-passive vibration control of laminated plates

As an extension of the wavelet approach to vi- bration control of piezoelectric beam-type plates developed earlier by the authors, this paper proposes a hybrid active- passive control strategy for suppressing vibrations of lami- nated rectangular plates bonded with distributed piezoelec- tric sensors and actuators via thin viscoelastic bonding lay- ers. Owing to the low-pass filtering property of scaling func- tion transform in orthogonal wavelet theory, this wavelet- based control method has the ability to automatically filter out noise-like signal in the feedback control loop, hence re- ducing the risk of residual coupling effects which are usu- ally the source of spillover instability. Moreover, the exis- tence of thin viscoelastic bonding layers can further improve robustness and reliability of the system through dissipating the energy of any other possible noise induced partially by numerical errors during the control process. A simulation procedure based on an advanced wavelet-Galerkin technique is suggested to realize the hybrid active-passive control pro- cess. Numerical results demonstrate the efficiency of the pro- posed approach.

An Active Control Study of the 1Cr18Ni9 Steel Plate Multipoint Excitation

A multipoint excitation experiment system of the 1Cr18Ni9 steel plate-pipe network as the main vibration body was established,which used transient flow produced by the wave exciter to excite the 1Cr18Ni9 steel plate-pipe network to vibrate.The experimental results show that the 1Cr18Ni9 steel plate vibrates in three dimensions.The vibrations of the particles of the steel plate distributing along the pipe＇s axial have phase differences and take place near the cylinder side first.Therefore,it is a multipoint vibration mode.The amplitude of the 1Cr18Ni9 steel plate increases as the system pressure increases and decreases as the wave exciter＇s frequency decreases.The vibration intensity of the particles of the 1Cr18Ni9 steel plate close to the cylinder is the strongest and the amplitude is the highest in Y direction at a given system frequency.The vibration intensity of the particles close to the wave exciter is the strongest and the amplitude is the smallest in Z direction at a given system pressure.

Bending analysis and control of rolled plate during snake hot rolling

In order to study the bending behavior of aluminum alloy 7050 thick plate during snake hot rolling, several coupled thermo-mechanical finite element(FE) models were established. Effects of different initial thicknesses, pass reductions, speed ratios and offset distances on the bending value of the plate were analyzed. ‘Quasi smooth plate' and optimum offset distance were defined and quasi smooth plate could be acquired by adjusting offset distance, and then bending control equation was fitted. The results show that bending value of the plate as well as the extent of the increase grows with the increase of pass reduction and decrease of initial thickness; the bending value firstly increases and then keeps steady with the ascending speed ratio; the bending value can be reduced by enlarging the offset distance. The optimum offset distance varies for different rolling parameters and it is augmented with the increase of pass reduction and speed ratio and the decrease of initial thickness. A proper offset distance for different rolling parameters can be calculated by the bending control equation and this equation can be a guidance to acquire a quasi smooth plate. The FEM results agree well with experimental results.

Stochastic Optimal Control of First-Passage Failure for Rectangular Thin Plate Vibration Model under Gaussian White-Noise Excitations

A rectangular thin plate vibration model subjected to inplane stochastic excitation is simplified to a quasinonintegrable Hamiltonian system with two degrees of freedom. Subsequently a one-dimensional Ito stochastic differential equation for the system is obtained by applying the stochastic averaging method for quasi-nonintegrable Hamiltonian systems. The conditional reliability function and conditional probability density are both gained by solving the backward Kolmogorov equation numerically. Finally, a stochastic optimal control model is proposed and solved. The numerical results show the effectiveness of this method.

Nonlinear dynamic characteristics and optimal control of a giant magnetostrictive film-shaped memory alloy composite plate subjected to in-plane stochastic excitation

The nonlinear dynamic characteristics and optimal control of a giant magnetostrictive film （GMF）-shaped memory alloy （SMA） composite plate subjected to in-plane stochastic excitation are studied. GMF is prepared based on an SMA plate, and combined into a GMF-SMA composite plate. The Van der Pol item is improved to explain the hysteretic phenomena of GMF and SMA, and the nonlinear dynamics model of a GMF-SMA composite cantilever plate subjected to in-plane stochastic excitation is developed. The stochastic stability of the system is analyzed, and the steady-state probability density function of the dynamic response of the system is obtained. The condition of stochastic Hopf bifurcation is discussed, the reliability function of the system is provided, and then the probability density of the first-passage time is given. Finally, the stochastic optimal control strategy is proposed by the stochastic dynamic programming method. Numerical simulation shows that the stability of the trivial solution varies with bifurcation parameters, and stochastic Hopf bifurcation appears in the process; the system＇s reliability is improved through stochastic optimal control, and the first- passage time is delayed. A GMF-SMA composite plate combines the advantages of GMF and SMA, and can reduce vibration through passive control and active control effectively. The results are helpful for the engineering applications of GMF-SMA composite plates.

Vibration Control of a Plate Subjected to Impulsive Force by Plate-Type Dynamic Vibration Absorbers

This paper examines modelling of the dynamics of a plate by plate type dynamics vibration absorber subjected to a localized periodic impulsive excitation. An analytical solution of the modal equation is proposed and validated using direct numerical simulation of the basic equations. The basics equations are solve numerically using fourth order Runge Kutta algorithm. Various types of dynamic absorbing plate are tested to optimize the control efficiency. Particular attentions have been paid on the effects of localization of external forces on the dynamics response of the system under control. Ours findings demonstrate that a good achievement of control strategy should follow the above mentioned analysis.

ACTIVE CONTROL OF A FLEXIBLE CANTILEVER PLATE WITH MULTIPLE TIME DELAYS

Active control of a flexible cantilever plate with multiple time delays is investigated using the discrete optimal control method. A controller with multiple time delays is presented. In this controller, time delay effect is incorporated in the mathematical model of the dynamic system throughout the control design and no approximations and assumptions are made in the controller derivation, so the system stability is easily guaranteed. Furthermore, this controller is available for both small time delays and large time delays. The feasibility and efficiency of the proposed controller are verified through numerical simulations in the end of this paper.

LAMINATED VISCOELASTIC PLATE WITH INCLUSIONS FOR PASSIVE UNDER-WATER ACOUSTIC CONTROL

The effectiveness of a fluid-loaded sandwiched viscoelastic layerin suppressing acoustic scat- tering and radiation has been estimatedusing the Thomson-Haskell matrix method. The GU (Gaunaurd andUberall) resonance theory has been adopted to handle three types ofviscoelastic substrates with air -filled in- Clusions. The effects ofthe varying thickness of the substrates, the volume fractions of theinclusions and fre- Quencies of incident waves have been studied todetermine the optimal strategies of signal reduction. In theInvestigation, the monopole resonance phenomena of the inclusionshave been taken into account.

Numerical Controlled Rolling Process of Thick Metal Plate

Thick metal plate rolling process has become more and more important in building a flat roof of drilling on the bottom at sea. This is because not only the product quality requirement higher and higher but also the marketing competition. To improve the process of thick metal plate rolling and to increase productivity a numerical controlled rolling process is developed, which include the process planning, the mathematical model establishment and the numerical control system development. The process is for the 17 000 kN×3 000 mm movable up roller bending machine. According to the machine configuration non-symmetry rolling process is planed. This makes it possible to integrate all the steps of plate shaping up such as end side bending, several times of semi-shape bending and the last shape finishing. Since the process will perform under the numerical controlled condition whole steps of the process are considered can be worked in the automatic cycle. The mathematic model consists of two sections, the theory model and the experience parameters model. Which takes the original plate parameters such as geometry and mechanics, characters of the machine such as the movement limits, tonnage and so on as input and calculates all the parameters needed in process performing. Meanwhile, the mathematic Model is totally adapted to the control system. The numerical control system development scheme is based on all the works above. Here, a system plan is provided. The functional modules and hardware selection, in detail, are introduced. The system software on top level and the controlling software for controller are developed. And some unit techniques in the system such as timer setting, communication between system and controller, video integration, and the ability of resisting impact force are introduced. The process has been used successfully in production for more than two years. Practice approves that the process is robust.

CONTROLLING CHAOTIC OSCILLATIONS OF VISCO-ELASTIC PLATESBY THE LINEARIZATION VIA OUTPUTFEEDBACK

Controlling chaotic oscillations of viscoelastic plates are investigated in this paper. Based on the exact linearization method in nonlinear system control theory, a nonlinear feedback control law is presented for a class of non_affine control systems. The mathematical model describing motion of nonlinear viscoelastic plates is established, and it is simplified by the Galerkin method. The phase space portrait and the power spectrum are employed to demonstrate chaos in the system. The deflection is treated as an output, and is controlled to given periodic goals.

STATIC SHAPE CONTROL OF LAMINATED PLATE CONTAINING PIEZOELECTRIC PATCHES

By applying the Heaviside function, the equations governinglaminated plates possess- ing spatially distributed piezoelectricpatches have been established. Based on these equations, static shapecontrol of laminated plates is discussed. BY using a genetic andcollocation algorithm, the opti- mal locations and scales of thesepiezoelectric patches have been selected. Numerical examples are pre-sented to illustrate the efficiency of the algorithm and thepiezoelectric actuators.

Research on development of surface-roughness variation and control technology of the automotive plates and rolls

Surface roughness considerably influences the stamping and coating performance of the automotive plates;however,the surface roughness of the automotive plates is transferred from the roll during the rolling process.Therefore,the variation and control technology regarding the roughness of the automotive plates and rolls has drawn increasing attention from researchers in China and around the globe.In this study,the research methods,analytical techniques,prediction models,transfer rules,and control technologies regarding the surface roughness of the automotive plates and rolls were reviewed.Among these,an online measurement system for automotive-plate and roll surface roughness has been applied to the production lines of Germany,China,Belgium,Holland,Austria,and other countries and has achieved remarkable results.Online measurement and timely feedback regarding the automotive-plate and roll surface roughness are needed to ensure favorable conditions for the establishment of automotive-plate roughness-control measurement.

引诱剂与杀虫剂联合使用对茄子黄胸蓟马的防治效果

由于化学杀虫剂的频繁和高剂量使用已渐渐失去对蓟马的防控效果,为进一步探究杀虫剂与引诱剂在控制蓟马方面的联合作用,本文通过设置不同剂量的杀虫剂与蓝板引诱剂进行复合诱杀蓟马,并与单独使用杀虫剂或蓝板对黄胸蓟马的防治效果进行了比较。结果表明,随着处理时间的增加,不同杀虫剂处理对黄胸蓟马的防治效果逐渐升高,总体上,复配药剂的防效要好于单剂药剂。且在药后3 d,30%虫螨腈·唑虫酰胺悬浮剂对黄胸蓟马的防效(84.36%)要显著高于240 g/L虫螨腈悬浮剂(74.32%)、15%唑虫酰胺悬浮剂(76.84%)、3%甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐微乳剂(71.85%)三个单剂的防效。药后10 d,30%虫螨腈·唑虫酰胺悬浮剂对黄胸蓟马的防效最高可达90.17%。杀虫剂与蓝板引诱剂联合使用对黄胸蓟马的田间防治效果要显著好于仅用杀虫剂的防效,而且在药后3 d、7 d和10 d,复合药剂或单剂对黄胸蓟马的防效均高于90%,最高可达98.54%,说明蓝板引诱剂对黄胸蓟马起到了很好的防治效果。在单独统计蓝板引诱剂的防治效果时发现,对黄胸蓟马防治效果高的药剂,与其联合作用中的蓝板诱集效果比较低;反之,对黄胸蓟马防治效果低的药剂,与其联合作用中的蓝板诱集效果比较高;这也说明蓝板诱集可作为低剂量杀虫剂用于防治蓟马类害虫的有效互补措施。本研究明确了杀虫剂与引诱剂的联合作用效果,以期在提高蓟马防治效果的同时降低杀虫剂浓度或减少其使用剂量,为害虫综合防控措施提供参考。

基于PD-滑模耦合算法的压电智能薄板颤振抑制

针对工件柔性主导的薄壁件铣削颤振问题,提出了一种基于PD–滑模耦合算法的压电智能薄板颤振抑制方法。首先设计了只需位移测量的主动控制算法,基于滑模控制理论处理系统参数不确定性和外部扰动,通过动态补偿器对未知切削状态进行在线近似和补偿;为解决传感误差和系统时滞问题,在滑模控制器中进一步耦合了时空依变PD控制模型,借助ABAQUS仿真拟合控制参数时变函数;最后设计了一套薄壁件主动控制装置,试验结果显示采用主动控制可有效抑制薄壁件铣削颤振,验证了控制方法的可行性。