FEM study on inflow strain in heavy plate during rolling

Heavy plate rolling processing in every single pass was simulated by the method of FEM. Distribution of the inflow strain on the specified path and related parameters （plate thickness H, pass reduction dH, rolling speed V） in the thickness direction of the plate center were studied. The results show that the plate thickness H and pass reduction dH have significant effects on the inflow strain on the specified path, while the rolling speed presents little effect. The relationships between the strain （PEEQ） and the plate thickness （H）/pass reduction （dH） were also established based on the simulation results.

Damage detection of a thin plate using modal curvature via macrostrain measurement

Plate structures are employed as important structural components in many engineering applications. Hence, assessing the structural conditions of in-service plate structures is critical to monitoring global structural health. Modal curvature-based damage detection techniques have recently garnered considerable attention from the research community, and have become a promising vibration-based structural health monitoring solution. However, computing errors arise when calculating modal curvatures from lateral mode shapes, which result from unavoidable measurement errors in the mode shapes as identified from lateral vibration signals; this makes curvature-based algorithms that use a lateral measurement only theoretically feasible, but practically infeasible. Therefore, in this study, long-gauge fiber Bragg grating strain sensors are employed to obtain a modal curvature without a numerical differentiation procedure in order to circumvent the computing errors. Several damage indices based on modal curvatures that were developed to locate beam damage are employed. Both numerical and experimental studies are performed to validate the proposed approach. However, although previous studies have reported relative success with the application of these damage indices on a simple beam, only one damage index demonstrated the capability to locate damage when the stiffness of the local region changed near the sensor.

Transverse stress-strain evolution during welding of thin aluminum alloy plate

The FE simulation results of transverse stresses and strains during welding of thin aluminum alloy plate are presented. The results indicate that restraint condition is the main factor that determines whether or not hot cracking will occur. With rigid restraint hot cracking (crater cracking) will occur at the arc-stopping end, and such cracking usually will not occur without external restraint. But under restraint-free condition it is easy for terminal cracks to occur.

A generalized plane strain theory for transversely isotropic piezoelectric plates

Study of generalized plane strain has so far been limited to elasticity. The present is aimed at parallel development of transversely isotropic piezoelasticity. By assuming that the along depth distribution of electric potential is linear, and that com- monly used Kane-Mindlin kinematical assumption is valid, two dimensional solution systems were deduced, for which, explicit solutions of the out-of-plane constraint factor, as well as the stress resultant concentration factor around a circular hole in a transversely isotropic piezoelectric plate subjected to remote biaxial tension are obtained. Comparisons of these formulas with their counterparts for elastic case yielded suggestions that whether the piezoelectric effect exacerbates or mitigates the stress resultant concentration greatly depends on material properties, particularly, the piezoelectric coefficients; the effect of plate thickness was extensively investigated.

Distribution of Inherent Strains and Residual Stressesin Medium Thickness Plate Weldment

A fundamental theory for the analysis of residual welding stresses and deformation based on the inherent strain distribution along the welded joint is introduced. Distribution of inherent strains and longitudinal residual stresses in medium thickness plate weldment is calculated and analyzed. A new method of calculating inherent strains and longitudinal residual stresses is proposed.

THE ELASTO-PLASTIC STRAIN ANALYSIS OF NOTCHED PLATE UNDER CYCLIC LOADING—AN APPLICATION OF PLASTIC ANISOTROPIC HARDENING THEORY

In order to predict the life of engineering structures, it is necessary to investigate the strain distribution in notched members. In gineral, the Uauschinger Effect of materials under cyclic loading is not negligible, and so the anisolropic hardening model has been suggested. From the comparison between the calculated and experimental results in this paper, we can see that even the linear kinematic hardening model is quite suitable for strain analysis under cyclic loading.

THE EXPRESSION OF STRESS AND STRAIN AT THE TIP OF NOTCH IN REISSNER PLATE

In this paper, the eigenequation of notch in Reissner plate is derived by the eigenfunction method. Eigenvalues of different notches with different angles are calculated by Muller iteration method. The expression of stress and strain at the tip of notch in Reissner plate is obtained.

覆材厚度对不锈钢复合板焊接接头应力应变影响的数值模拟分析

采用钨极气体保护焊(gas tungsten arc welding,GTAW)制备了基材厚度为13 mm,覆材厚度分别为0.3,1.0,2.0 mm的304/Q355复合板焊接接头.采用数值模拟法,分析了覆材厚度对304/Q355复合板焊接接头应力应变的影响,揭示了不同覆材厚度的不锈钢复合板焊接过程中残余应力及应变的演变特征.结果表明,随着覆材厚度的增加,304/Q355复合板焊接接头截面区最大残余应力逐渐减小,残余应力区宽度逐渐增大,在基层焊缝向过渡层焊缝焊接过程中,应力集中区逐渐向过渡层焊缝区收缩,最高应力集中区均位于过渡层焊缝区,最大应力接近材料屈服强度.焊后变形量随覆材厚度的增加而增大,覆材厚度2.0 mm的复合板变形量比覆材厚度0.3 mm的复合板变形量大约2 mm,变形最大的方向为焊缝厚度方向.

基于iFEM和虚实结合的加筋板应变场构建研究

iFEM(inverse finite element method)是目前进行结构应变场构建最有前景的方法之一,其目的是在结构离散应变采集过程中,以最少的实际测点获取满足精度要求的结构应变场。在一些局部区域应变数据不易采集时,可尝试采用虚实结合的方式进行离散应变数据的采集。本文以船舶典型结构加筋板为例,根据实测数据,结合仿真模型,依据Xgboost的测点回归方法,基于iFEM技术依次计算实测、仿真和虚实结合三种方法的应变场重构精度,分析误差原因。通过预测,当47个物理测点时平均误差最低,为1.92%,以虚实结合路径输入15个点和21个点时结果与验证点的误差均小于3%,验证了虚实结合快速补充缺失数据的应变场重构的方法操作性强、准确度高。

战斗部近距爆炸舰船舱壁破口尺寸计算方法

利用能量守恒和动量定理,通过计算靶板塑性变形挠度,以极限塑性应变为准则,建立了爆炸冲击波载荷作用下舱壁结构中心区域破口尺寸的计算方法,并开展了近距离空爆模型试验。试验结果表明,本文建立的计算方法具有一定准确性,理论计算结果与本文试验结果相对误差为14.2%,与参考文献试验结果对比误差为10.9%,可对舱壁结构在爆炸冲击波作用下产生的破口尺寸进行快速估算。

大型跳汰机机体有限元分析

为更好地指导跳汰机大型化过程中的机体设计并检验当前设计的合理性,以现30m^(2)三段跳汰机为研究对象,通过理论计算得出机体空气小庙内的低压风风压以及机体的许用疲劳应力,并以此为基础进行了有限元分析。结果表明:考虑安全系数,空气小庙内的低压风风压为35427.6Pa,机体许用弯曲疲劳应力为214 MPa;此条件下,当跳汰机机体钢板厚度为8 mm,且间隔750 mm加设筋板时,机体最大等效应力为69.7MPa,最大变形为0.9mm,机体结构安全,满足强度和刚度要求;若跳汰机大型化过程中,机体受到的空气压力变化较小,那么只要间隔一定距离加设筋板,机体就可以满足强度和刚度要求。研究结果为跳汰机进一步大型化提供了一定的理论支撑。

考虑局部屈曲加劲钢箱形构件极限承载力的纤维梁柱模型

大型桥梁加劲钢箱形构件的极限承载力会受到板件局部稳定性能的影响,而目前尚缺乏成熟的可直接计入局部屈曲的高效计算模型。归纳总结国内外钢构件计算方法对局部屈曲的处理方式,明确以有效应力法即采用板件(或加劲板)平均受压应力-应变曲线简化局部屈曲效应的研究思路。通过有限元程序ANSYS二次开发钢板拉压非对称本构模型,提出一种可直接计入局部屈曲的纤维梁柱模型。材料本构模型中受压应力-应变曲线通过小型的加劲板板壳模型得到,且全面考虑了焊接残余应力与几何缺陷。搜集已开展的钢箱梁、钢桥塔及钢拱肋的稳定性试验,采用提出的纤维梁柱模型、板壳模型与传统弹塑性梁柱模型进行分析,展示截面纤维划分策略,验证文中纤维梁柱模型的可靠性与高效性;通过设置不同的缺陷参数,探讨缺陷水平与局部屈曲对各个构件极限承载力的影响。研究表明,随着缺陷水平的严重,局部屈曲会显著降低极限承载力,提出的纤维梁柱单元模型能够有效地预测加劲钢箱形构件的极限承载力,具有较广泛的应用前景。

单向应力作用下地下采空区顶板破坏规律特征

针对单向应力作用于地下采空区顶板的破坏规律特性问题,基于弹性薄板理论和压力拱理论,利用单轴压力试验机对顶板模型进行了试验,并探究了不同荷载条件下顶板模型的受压过程和变形特性。结果表明:顶板的破坏过程与峰值应力是否超过疲劳强度密切相关,超过疲劳强度时会出现加速破坏阶段;顶板的变形过程可以分为三个阶段,分别对应于不同的应力和应变变化规律;顶板的失稳破坏位置与荷载条件有关,周期荷载条件下更容易导致整体垮落塌陷;侧帮支撑作用对顶板的承载能力和稳定性有正面影响,但也会增加应力集中和变形。研究结果对于理解顶板在不同荷载条件下的力学行为和提高顶板的安全性具有重要意义。

高寒地区菊芋青贮物料耐低温乳酸菌的筛选与鉴定

为筛选可提升高寒地区菊芋(Helianthus tuberosus)青贮发酵品质的耐低温乳酸菌,本研究以‘青芋2号’菊芋青贮物料为材料,利用平板培养法分离乳酸菌株,分析菌株生理生化特性,并通过16S rRNA测序进行菌株种属鉴定。结果表明,菊芋青贮物料中共分离得到34株乳酸菌株,经低温及生理生化筛选获得13株耐低温乳酸菌株,包括11株同型发酵乳酸菌和2株异型发酵乳酸菌,其耐酸性和耐盐性均较强;经产酸和生长能力对比,GN02菌株生长最快(OD=2.63),GN10菌株具有更强的产酸能力(pH=3.59),XN25菌株兼具较强的生长和产酸能力;16S rRNA测序鉴定出9株植物乳杆菌(Lactiplantibacillus plantarum)、1株戊糖乳杆菌(Lactiplantibacillus pentosus)、1株棒状乳杆菌(Lactiplantibacillus coryniformis)、1株短乳杆菌(Lactiplantibacillus brevis)及1株无法鉴定。本研究筛选出适合高寒地区菊芋青贮发酵的耐低温植物乳杆菌、戊糖乳杆菌、短乳杆菌各1株。

管道环焊缝拉伸应变容量模型分析及改进

为了确保石油天然气管线在复杂服役环境下的本质安全,探讨了目前国内外广泛应用的3种管道环焊缝拉伸应变容量模型(CSA Z662、PRCI-CRES、EXXON MOBIL),并对其参数选取范围性进行了汇总和对比分析。通过分析模型预测值和96组全尺寸管道及宽板拉伸试验数据的差异,对各拉伸应变容量模型在不同钢级下的预测精度进行了验证,并使用90%置信上限倒数法计算了模型安全系数。结果表明:由于CSA Z662模型断裂韧性取值上限过小,导致其对于中、高钢级管线的预测值过于保守;EXXON MOBIL和PRCI-CRES模型更为完善,二者预测结果相似,并与试验结果较为相符。针对EXXON MOBIL和PRCI-CRES模型计算所得的安全系数可以明显改善模型预测结果,可将非保守预测值最大误差控制在约30%范围内,从而有效满足较为保守的设计要求。研究结果可为管线基于应变设计提供理论指导。

Experimental study on the stability of plate anchors in clay under cyclic loading

Although the bearing capacity of plate anchors in clay has been studied extensively, the results considering the effects of offshore cyclic loading are relatively rare. In the present study, 1g model tests are carried out to investigate the effect of cyclic loading on the bearing capacity of plate anchors in clay. The ultimate pullout capacity of plate anchors in clay decreases as the accumulated plastic shear strain grows due to the strain-softening of clay under cyclic loading. The load-displacement curves of these tests are presented and the effects of overburden stress and cyclic loading amplitude on the strain-softening behavior are discussed.

ANALYTICAL EVALUATION OF PERMANENT DEFLECTION OF A THIN CIRCULAR PLATE STRUCK NORMALLY AT ITS CENTER BY A PROJECTILE

The permanent deflection of a thin circular plate struck normally at its center by a projectile is studied by an approximate theoretical analysis, FEM simulation and experiment. The plate made of rate sensitive and strain-hardening material undergoes serious local deformation but is not perforated during the impact. The theoretical analysis is based on an energy approach, in which the Cowper-Symonds equation is used for the consideration of strain rate sensitive effects and the parameters involved are determined with the aid of experimental data. The maximum permanent deflections predicted by the theoretical model are compared with those of FEM simulation and published papers obtained both by theory and experiment, and good agreement is achieved for a wide range of thickness of the plates and initial impact velocities.

Growth of a Void in a Rubber Rectangular Plate under Uniaxial Extension

The finite deformation and stress analyses for a rectangular plate with a center void and made of rubber with the Yeoh elastic strain energy function under uniaxial extension were studied in this paper. An approximation solution was obtained from the minimum potential energy principle. The numerical results for the growth of the cavitation and stresses along the edge of the cavitation were discussed. In addition, the stress concentration phenomenon was considered.

A rotating elastic plate/block model for Eurasia

On the assumption that a plate is elastically deformable and may rotate as a whole, we found that Eurasian area may be divided into an Eurasian plate and three blocks of the Xiyu, the North China and the Southeast Asia according to tectonic frame of the East and Southeast Asia and the ITRF2008 velocity field in Eurasian area. F tests show that the accuracy of this elastic-plate/block model is significantly higher than the corresponding rigid-plate models; the area covered is notably larger also.

THE LAYOUT OPTIMIZATION OF STIFFENERS FOR PLATE-SHELL STRUCTURES

The plate-shell structures with stiffeners are widely used in a broad range of engineering structures. This study presents the layout optimization of stiffeners. The minimum weight of stiffeners is taken as the objective function with the global stiffness constraint. In the layout optimization, the stiffeners should be placed at the locations with high strain energy/or stress. Conversely, elements of stiffeners with a small strain energy/or stress are considered to be used inefficiently and can be removed. Thus, to identify the element efficiency so that most inefficiently used elements of stiffeners can be removed, the element sensitivity of the strain energy of stiffeners is introduced, and a search criterion for locations of stiffeners is presented. The layout optimization approach is given for determining which elements of the stiffeners need to be kept or removed. In each iterative design, a high efficiency reanalysis approach is used to reduce the computational effort. The present approach is implemented for the layout optimization of stiffeners for a bunker loaded by the hydrostatic pressure. The numerical results show that the present approach is effective for dealing with layout optimization of stiffeners for plate-shell structures.