STAR CCM+ CFD Simulations of Enhanced Heat Transfer in High-Power Density Electronics Using Forced Air Heat Exchanger and Pumped Fluid Loop Cold Plate Fabricated from High Thermal Conductivity Materials

As telecommunication and RF power electronics applications continue to push the envelope of waste heat dissipation, more and more, we see a need for active thermal control employing forced air electronic cooling fans in unison with pumped fluid loops in order to meet temperature and performance requirements. This research paper presents results of applying Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) commercial industry STAR-CCM+ software for heat transfer and fluid flow simulation of a novel heat exchanger/cold plate fabricated from k-core high thermal conductivity material in order to realize thermal control system hardware design for very much applications to very large power density (~1 kW/m2) electronics packaging scenarios. Trade studies involving different heat exchanger/cold plate materials, as well as vari- ous fault scenarios within a mock-up of a typical electronics system, are used to illustrate the upper bounds placed on the convective heat transfer coefficient. Agreement between our present findings and previous research in the field of electronics cooling is presented herein.

Surface treatment to improve corrosion resistance of Al plate heat exchangers

The correlations between thermal and physical properties were studied through thermal conductivity measurements, hardness tests, salt spray tests (AASS) among the surface treatment samples named K20, K40 with thickness of 20, 40 μm respectively and raw sample named K00. In thermal conductivity measurements, there are little differences among the samples as K00, K20 and K40, they exhibit 153.39, 150.69 and 149.76 W/(m·K), respectively. According to hardness tests, K00, K20 and K40 exhibit 87.9, 259.7 and 344.8 in Vickers values. In the result of salt spray tests to examine the effects on corrosion resistance, K00, K20 and K40 exhibit the grade of 3?5, 2.0?9.8 and 10, respectively. The mutual relation of the above results was analyzed. It is found that the surface treatments do not affect the thermal conductivity of aluminum and result in the improvement of physical properties. As a result of the technology, the surface improvement of aluminum alloy specimen is achieved without thermal degradation. It validates the ability of the aluminum plate heat exchangers with surface treatment to enhance the corrosion resistance. Present work is performed as the first fundamental threshold in the process of aluminum plate heat exchangers development to check out its possibility, therefore the next step-experimental and numerical study of practical aluminum plate heat exchangers will be made.

Thermoelastic vibrations in a thin elliptic annulus plate with elastic supports

In this study, integral operational methods are used to investigate the thermally induced transverse vibration of a thin elliptic annulus plate with elastic supports at both radial boundaries.The axisymmetric temperature distribution is determined by the heat conduction differential equation and its corresponding boundary conditions by employing a unified integral transform technique by use of Mathieu functions and modified Mathieu functions. The solution of thermally induced vibration of the plate with both ends encased with elastic supports is obtained by employing an integral transform for double Laplace differential equation. The thermal moment is derived on the basis of temperature distribution, and its stresses are obtained based on resultant bending moments per unit width. The numerical calculations of the distributions of the transient temperature and its associated stress distributions are shown in the figures.

Deflection of transient thermoelastic circular plate by Marchi-Zgrablich and Laplace integral transform technique

This paper deals with the determination of temperature distribution and thermal deflection function of a thin circular plate with the stated conditions. The transient heat conduction equation is solved by using Marchi-Zgrablich transform and Laplace transform simultaneously and the results of temperature distribution and thermal deflection function are obtained in terms of infinite series of Bessel function and it is solved for special case by using Mathcad 2007 software and represented graphically by using Microsoft excel 2007.

基于LBM的低导热材料板强化沸腾换热机理分析

为进一步强化沸腾换热,通过在固体加热器的上壁面附近嵌入多段低导热材料板,实现了沸腾换热的受热面上的温度随空间的交替变化。采用单组分多相LBM,考察了低导热材料板的数量和间隙间距对沸腾换热性能和气泡动力学的影响,从微观角度揭示了添加低导热材料板强化沸腾换热的机理。结果表明:气泡动态行为随间隙间距的增大而发生变化,会出现气泡合并、独立生长等气泡脱离过程。结合气泡动态行为、温度场和流场分析,发现气泡首先会在间隙受热面处成核生长,脱离气泡的涡流可以促进生长气泡在受热面的横向迁移和合并过程,在一定间隙间距范围,气泡会相互融合形成较大的液桥,液桥的存在能够促进受热面气泡根部周围微层的蒸发,推动了间隙受热面处的冷流体再润湿过程。添加多段低导热材料板,间隙处热量积聚、气泡合并形成液桥、间隙受热面的再润湿、气泡横向迁移和多气泡的快速合并等这些过程的共同作用强化了沸腾换热性能。

预氧化碳纤维增强受电弓碳滑板材料的研究

利用预氧化碳纤维(OPF)和沥青、焦炭等为原料,采用热压、焙烧等工艺制备预氧化碳纤维增强受电弓碳滑板;研究不同OPF含量受电弓碳滑板导电导热以及力学性能;利用扫描电镜(SEM)、偏光显微镜(POM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)等仪器对复合材料内部结构进行观察。结果表明:滑板材料性能的提升与OPF/沥青间的共碳化界面以及界面处与基体中的微晶网络形成有关。OPF质量分数为1.5%的复合材料具有较好的导电导热以及力学性能,电导率和导热系数分别为279.33 S/cm和3.37 W/(m·K),抗压强度和抗折分别为155.00、48.85 MPa,且符合受电弓碳滑板性能要求。

各向异性膨胀石墨双极板对燃料电池性能的影响

该文分析了膨胀石墨双极板(EGBPs)各向异性结构对燃料电池水热管理与输出性能的影响。建立了三维两相非等温数值模型,对比了4种典型复合材料结构下温度、电流密度、水含量等参数的分布特征,揭示了双极板传热特性与输出性能的耦合效应。结果表明:沿质子传递方向热导率(k_z)对燃料电池性能具有显著影响,在2.2 A cm^(-2)电流密度下,将k_z从常规结构的5 W·m^(-1)·K^(-1)提升至280 W·m^(-1)·K^(-1),可以使输出性能提高22 m V;沿流道气体流动方向的热导率(k_y)是影响散热能力的关键因素,将k_y与k_z提高至280 W·m^(-1)·K^(-1),或者实现各向同性结构(k_x=k_y=k_z=20 W·m^(-1)·K^(-1)),均能够使膜电极组件(MEA)核心区域的温度降低2℃左右。因此,提高k_y与k_z并实现各向同性结构是膨胀石墨双极板技术的未来发展目标之一。

Realization of high thermal conductivity and tunable thermal expansion in the ScF_(3)@Cu core-shell composites

Achieving high performances of high thermal conductivity and low thermal expansion remains a great challenge. In this study,we have designed and synthesized the ScF_(3)@Cu core-shell composites through a general electroless plating method to coat Cu on the surface of negative thermal expansion particles of ScF_(3). A spatially continuous copper network structure is formed in the present core-shell structure composites to achieve high thermal conductivity and low thermal expansion simultaneously, which is different from the conventional mixed composites. Notably, a high thermal conductivity(136.3 W m^(-1) K^(-1)) has been achieved in the ScF_(3)@Cu-40 core-shell composite with a low thermal expansion property(4.3×10^(-6) K^(-1)). The mechanism of thermal property and microstructure of the present core-shell composites are systematically studied based on different models. Our proposed approach in this study can be widely applicable to numerous advanced materials, which should simultaneously control thermal conductivity and thermal expansion properties.

金刚石/铝复合材料化学镀镍磷合金层的制备及性能

为了提高金刚石/铝复合材料的耐蚀性能,利用化学镀的方法在金刚石/铝复合材料表面制备镍磷镀层。采用XRD、SEM、EDS等方法分析测试镀层的表面形貌、镀层厚度、物相组成、耐腐蚀性能和导热性能。结果表明:铝基体与金刚石表面活性差距较大,镍几乎只在铝基体上生长,随着施镀时间的延长,镍在金刚石周围堆积生长,直至金刚石表面完全覆盖;铝基体与金刚石表面均被镀层覆盖,且镀层光亮、致密、连续,磷含量为9.36%,属于高磷镀层,耐蚀性好;复合材料镀镍后导热性能有所降低,热导率下降约6.7%。

纳米隔热材料在水泥厂中的设计应用

纳米隔热材料具有良好的隔热性能和热稳定性,在水泥厂高温部分使用可有效降低系统表面散热。本文通过建立设计模型量化散热量,对纳米隔热材料使用规格、部位作进一步优化。

蒸发冷凝长度比对不同微槽平板铝热管热性能的影响

为研究不同蒸发段和冷凝段长度比值对平板铝热管热性能的影响,通过实验分析了相同截面尺寸、相同填充工质、矩形微槽道和三角形微槽道的平板热管90°安装,以及采用连续递增的输入热流和冷凝段强制风冷换热时,9种不同比值对平板热管热性能的影响。研究结果表明:提出的平板微槽道热管蒸发段冷凝段长度比值对平板微槽道热管热性能的影响明显。优选的两种类型蒸发段冷凝段长度比值在0.8~1.25范围内,传热性能良好。对比不同微槽道的平板热管发现,同等条件下矩形微槽道平板热管的传热性能优于三角形微槽道平板热管,并提出蒸发段冷凝段长度比值的最佳值为1,建议应用设计中蒸发段冷凝段长度比值范围为0.8~1.0。研究结果可对平板微槽道热管应用系统的设计提供准确参考。

基于Arduino的冰导热系数智能测量装置及影响因素研究

基于稳态平板法,根据冰容易因为温度过高而融化的特性,本团队确立了采用冷传导测量导热系数的实验方案.通过COMSOL软件计算模拟,研究了隔热层以及冰样品的形状和厚度对冰的导热系数测量的影响.通过CATIA软件设计了实验装置结构.本团队成功地制作了基于Arduino的冰导热系数智能测量装置,测量了纯冰的导热系数,研究了不同质量百分比浓度NaCl食盐和白砂糖等杂质以及杂质冰的厚度对导热系数的影响.

材料热物性测试的研究现状及发展需求

材料热物性是对特定热过程进行基础研究、分析计算和工程设计的关键参数,是材料最基本的性能之一,在科学研究、工程设计、工业生产等领域应用十分广泛,也是各行业节能技术发展的基础。通过对材料热物性发展历史、国内外研究现状的分析,比较了我国与发达国家在防护热板法导热系数装置研究上的差距,阐明了热物性测试的重要意义及我国在材料热物性测试领域仍未建全量值传递体系的不足。

镀Ti金刚石/Al复合材料的热性能

通过盐浴镀方法实现金刚石表面镀Ti,并采用模压铸造方法制备镀Ti金刚石/Al复合材料。研究镀层对复合材料微观结构和热性能的影响。结果表明金刚石表面镀Ti改善了复合材料的界面结合,降低界面热阻,从而提高了复合材料的热性能,包括降低热膨胀系数,提高复合材料的热导率。采用850℃盐浴镀Ti,镀覆时间180min得到的镀Ti金刚石/Al复合材料热导率高达488W/(m.K),在温度范围50～300℃之间,其平均热膨胀系数为9×10-6/K。

自然对流状态下深冷竖直平板霜层导热系数实验研究

利用设计的竖直平板结霜实验台,对自然对流状态下竖直平板表面非稳态结霜过程进行了动态描述,分析了霜层厚度变化规律,描述了湿空气在竖直平板附近的流动状态及温度分布。基于实验观测,把竖直平板非稳态结霜过程分为沿平板法线方向增厚和沿平板切线方向推进两个阶段。利用最小二乘法,拟合了竖直平板霜层导热系数在推进阶段随推移距离的关系式。通过反复实验,不断完善数据,可使拟合结果具有更高的适用性,也为工程设计提供依据。

SiCp表面化学镀对SiCp/Al复合材料微结构及热性能影响

为了改善SiCp与Al基体之间的界面,在碱性条件下,甲醛作为还原剂,采用化学镀的方法在SiCp表面沉积铜层,然后采用无压渗透方法制备SiCp/Al复合材料.采用X射线衍射仪、3D立体视频显微镜、扫描电子显微镜来分析化学镀后SiCp和复合材料的表面、界面形貌、组织结构及物相,并通过EDS能谱对复合材料表面元素成分分析,利用激光闪光法测定复合材料导热系数.结果表明,相比酒石酸钾钠单一络合剂,采用酒石酸钾钠和EDTAG2Na组成的双络合剂的SiCp镀层更致密,且镀层未被氧化,复合材料界面结合良好,界面厚度为2.5-3μm,有AlCu2相生成,无Al4C3脆性相存在.室温下,镀铜后的复合材料热导率达到181W/（m·K）,远高于没有表面改性的复合材料热导率102W/（m·K）.

Ni-SiC和Ni-SiO_2复合镀层性能的研究

对Ni SiC、Ni SiO2 复合镀层在 5 %NaCl+0 .5 %H2 O2 溶液中的腐蚀性能 ,80 0℃高温下的抗氧化性能以及导热性能进行了研究。并利用扫描电镜 (SEM)对镀层微观组织形貌进行了观察和分析。实验结果表明 :与Ni SiC复合镀层比较 ,Ni SiO2 复合镀层在 5 %NaCl+0 .5 % /H2 O2 溶液中以及在 80 0℃高温环境中 ,均表现出较好的耐蚀和抗氧化能力 ;而Ni SiC复合镀层的导热性则明显强于Ni SiO2 ,两者的导热系数随时间延长均略有减少。文中对产生这些性能差异的原因进行了初步的探讨与分析。

不同充液率平板热管性能实验

搭建了平板热管测试实验台,对不同充液率下热管性能进行了实验研究,并以最佳充液率的热管为研究对象,分析了加热功率、冷却水温及冷却水流速对热管性能的影响。实验结果表明:充液率为20%和30%时热管在各加热功率下展现了良好的性能,最小热阻为0.18℃/W和0.19℃/W,热导率为8158W/(m·℃)和8540W/(m·℃)。由于沸腾换热滞后性,相较于功率增加,功率减少时热管性能更优,同等加热功率条件下蒸发段温度更低。功率增加和功率减少对热管蒸发段热阻影响较大,而冷凝段热阻几乎不受影响。当冷却水温为17℃和22℃时,热管蒸发段温度比冷却水温为7℃和12℃时蒸发段温度低2℃左右。相较于冷却水温22℃时,冷却水温为17℃时热管蒸发段温度能更快达到稳定值。冷却水流速影响蒸发段温度及达到稳定运行的时间,实验表明热管工作的最佳冷却水流速为5.81g/s。

稳态平板法测定绝热材料导热系数实验台优化

传统稳态平板法测定绝热材料导热系数实验台稳定时间长、精度低,难以满足教学要求。针对原实验台存在的问题,对其热保护电气控制系统、水冷系统、热功率测量系统、温度测量系统、机械系统和测控电路系统进行了优化设计。实验结果表明,优化设计后的实验台导热系数测量精度提高了5. 5%,稳定时间缩短了50%以上。该实验台起到了提高实验教学质量,改善实验教学条件的作用,为传统实验台的优化设计提供了新思路。