The baobab, Adansonia digitata L. plays an important role in the economy of local populations. The oil from the seeds of the baobab fruit is nowadays highly prized because of its numerous cosmetic and therapeutic appl...The baobab, Adansonia digitata L. plays an important role in the economy of local populations. The oil from the seeds of the baobab fruit is nowadays highly prized because of its numerous cosmetic and therapeutic applications and its composition of unsaturated fatty acids, sterols and tocopherols. However, unlike refined oils, locally extracted baobab oil has not undergone purification operations to ensure its quality. Only a filtration on special cloths is carried out after decantation. Indeed, the oil obtained after pressing is cloudy because of the presence of various impurities. It therefore requires treatment operations to make it more attractive and of higher quality. Therefore, in order to provide innovative solutions to local companies to improve the quality of vegetable oils, a study of clarification (treatment) of crude oil is necessary. An experimental device has been developed in the laboratory. It includes a glass column and a filter bed of dune sand and activated carbon. This study has shown the efficiency of the experimental device. Indeed, the activated carbon, thanks to its adsorbing power, has allowed a significant decrease in turbidity at the 5% threshold, from 14.61 NTU for the raw oil to 0.08 NTU for the oil filtered on 3% carbon and 0.033 NTU for the oil filtered on 5% carbon. That is to say an abatement higher than 95%. This decrease in turbidity could be correlated with the decrease in brown index from 187.39<sup>a</sup> for the initial crude oil to 128.53<sup>d</sup> for the oil treated with 3% activated carbon versus 187.59<sup>a</sup> for the oil filtered on cloths. The lowest brown index was observed with the filtration using 5% activated carbon (35.99<sup>b</sup>). Thus, for the yellowness index, only the filtration on 5% charcoal allowed to obtain a significant decrease in yellowness. The yellowing index of the oil with 5% was 44.67<sup>b</sup> against 79.04<sup>a</sup> for the oil filtered with 3% activated carbon, 86.33<sup>a</sup> for the crude oil and 86.46<sup>a</sup> for the oil filtered on cloths. Finally, the oil sample treated with 5% activated carbon had the clearest clarity than the other samples with a clarity (L) equal to 97.98<sup>c</sup> against 95.63<sup>d</sup> for the oil treated with 3% carbon and 94.99<sup>b</sup> for the oil filtered on filter cloths. According to the results obtained, the experimental device made it possible to obtain a clearer baobab oil with a low brown index, thus improving the sensory quality of the oil.展开更多
The properties of oil and gas formation could be significantly damaged during drilling and completion operations as a result of mud invasion,fluid incompatibility and interaction with rock minerals.This paper presents...The properties of oil and gas formation could be significantly damaged during drilling and completion operations as a result of mud invasion,fluid incompatibility and interaction with rock minerals.This paper presents a systematic method for evaluating formation damage during filter cake deposition(primary damage)and removal process(secondary damage).The role of primary damage in the evolution of secondary damage was also investigated.The interaction of the filter cake solvent(chelating agent solution)with the rock samples was implemented through core flooding experiment.Nuclear Magnetic Resonance(NMR)was used to evaluate the properties of the rock sample,pre and post filter cake deposition and removal processes.The results show that secondary damaged is a strong function of the location and the intensity of the primary damage.The rock type and its pore structure also play important roles in both primary and secondary damage.The extent of secondary damage depends on the amount of barium sulphate deposited during primary damage.The chelating agent used to dissolve the barites in sandstones,deposited the barite in the small pores while it enlarges the bigger pores.In contrast,the chelating agent in the carbonate samples had multiple barite deposition points.展开更多
文摘The baobab, Adansonia digitata L. plays an important role in the economy of local populations. The oil from the seeds of the baobab fruit is nowadays highly prized because of its numerous cosmetic and therapeutic applications and its composition of unsaturated fatty acids, sterols and tocopherols. However, unlike refined oils, locally extracted baobab oil has not undergone purification operations to ensure its quality. Only a filtration on special cloths is carried out after decantation. Indeed, the oil obtained after pressing is cloudy because of the presence of various impurities. It therefore requires treatment operations to make it more attractive and of higher quality. Therefore, in order to provide innovative solutions to local companies to improve the quality of vegetable oils, a study of clarification (treatment) of crude oil is necessary. An experimental device has been developed in the laboratory. It includes a glass column and a filter bed of dune sand and activated carbon. This study has shown the efficiency of the experimental device. Indeed, the activated carbon, thanks to its adsorbing power, has allowed a significant decrease in turbidity at the 5% threshold, from 14.61 NTU for the raw oil to 0.08 NTU for the oil filtered on 3% carbon and 0.033 NTU for the oil filtered on 5% carbon. That is to say an abatement higher than 95%. This decrease in turbidity could be correlated with the decrease in brown index from 187.39<sup>a</sup> for the initial crude oil to 128.53<sup>d</sup> for the oil treated with 3% activated carbon versus 187.59<sup>a</sup> for the oil filtered on cloths. The lowest brown index was observed with the filtration using 5% activated carbon (35.99<sup>b</sup>). Thus, for the yellowness index, only the filtration on 5% charcoal allowed to obtain a significant decrease in yellowness. The yellowing index of the oil with 5% was 44.67<sup>b</sup> against 79.04<sup>a</sup> for the oil filtered with 3% activated carbon, 86.33<sup>a</sup> for the crude oil and 86.46<sup>a</sup> for the oil filtered on cloths. Finally, the oil sample treated with 5% activated carbon had the clearest clarity than the other samples with a clarity (L) equal to 97.98<sup>c</sup> against 95.63<sup>d</sup> for the oil treated with 3% carbon and 94.99<sup>b</sup> for the oil filtered on filter cloths. According to the results obtained, the experimental device made it possible to obtain a clearer baobab oil with a low brown index, thus improving the sensory quality of the oil.
基金the research support of the College of Petroleum Engineering and Geosciences at King Fahd University of Petroleum&Minerals。
文摘The properties of oil and gas formation could be significantly damaged during drilling and completion operations as a result of mud invasion,fluid incompatibility and interaction with rock minerals.This paper presents a systematic method for evaluating formation damage during filter cake deposition(primary damage)and removal process(secondary damage).The role of primary damage in the evolution of secondary damage was also investigated.The interaction of the filter cake solvent(chelating agent solution)with the rock samples was implemented through core flooding experiment.Nuclear Magnetic Resonance(NMR)was used to evaluate the properties of the rock sample,pre and post filter cake deposition and removal processes.The results show that secondary damaged is a strong function of the location and the intensity of the primary damage.The rock type and its pore structure also play important roles in both primary and secondary damage.The extent of secondary damage depends on the amount of barium sulphate deposited during primary damage.The chelating agent used to dissolve the barites in sandstones,deposited the barite in the small pores while it enlarges the bigger pores.In contrast,the chelating agent in the carbonate samples had multiple barite deposition points.
