Parametric study on contact sensors for MASW measurement-based interfacial debonding detection for SCCS

Steel-concrete composite structures(SCCS)have been widely used as primary load-bearing components in large-scale civil infrastructures.As the basis of the co-working ability of steel plate and concrete,the bonding status plays an essential role in guaranteeing the structural performance of SCCS.Accordingly,efficient non-destructive testing(NDT)on interfacial debondings in SCCS has become a prominent research area.Multi-channel analysis of surface waves(MASW)has been validated as an effective NDT technique for interfacial debonding detection for SCCS.However,the feasibility of MASW must be validated using experimental measurements.This study establishes a high-frequency data synchronous acquisition system with 32 channels to perform comparative verification experiments in depth.First,the current sensing approaches for high-frequency vibration and stress waves are summarized.Secondly,three types of contact sensors,namely,piezoelectric lead-zirconate-titanate(PZT)patches,accelerometers,and ultrasonic transducers,are selected for MASW measurement.Then,the selection and optimization of the force hammer head are performed.Comparative experiments are carried out for the optimal selection of ultrasonic transducers,PZT patches,and accelerometers for MASW measurement.In addition,the influence of different pasting methods on the output signal of the sensor array is discussed.Experimental results indicate that optimized PZT patches,acceleration sensors,and ultrasonic transducers can provide efficient data acquisition for MASW-based non-destructive experiments.The research findings in this study lay a solid foundation for analyzing the recognition accuracy of contact MASW measurement using different sensor arrays.

Enhancing the elastoplastic damage constitutive model for clayey rocks: Incorporating anisotropy, saturation, time-dependent, and debonding effects

This paper introduced a novel microstructure-based constitutive model designed to comprehensively characterize the intricate mechanical behavior of anisotropic clay rocks under the influence of water saturation.The proposed model encompasses elastoplastic deformation,time-dependent behavior,and induced damage.A two-step homogenization process incorporates mineral compositions and porosity to determine the macroscopic elastic tensor and plastic yield criterion.The model also considers interfacial debonding between the matrix and inclusions to capture rock damage.The application of the proposed model is demonstrated through an analysis of Callovo-Oxfordian clayey rocks,specifically in the context of radioactive waste disposal in France.Model parameters are determined,followed by numerical simulations of various laboratory tests including lateral decompression tests with constant mean stress,triaxial compression tests under different water saturation conditions,and creep tests.The numerical results are compared with corresponding experimental data to assess the efficacy of the proposed model.

A pre-strain strategy of current collectors for suppressing electrode debonding in lithium-ion batteries

The interfacial debonding between the active layer and the current collector has been recognized as a critical mechanism for battery fading,and thus has attracted great efforts focused on the related analyses.However,much still remains to be studied regarding practical methods for suppressing electrode debonding,especially from the perspective of mechanics.In this paper,a pre-strain strategy of current collectors to alleviate electrode debonding is proposed.An analytical model for a symmetric electrode with a deformable and limited-thickness current collector is developed to analyze the debonding behavior involving both a pre-strain of the current collector and an eigen-strain of the active layers.The results reveal that the well-designed pre-strain can significantly delay the debonding onset(by up to 100%)and considerably reduce the debonding size.The critical values of the pre-strain are identified,and the pre-strain design principles are also provided.Based on these findings,this work sheds light on the mechanical design to suppress electrode degradation.

INTERFACIAL DEBONDING OF COATED-FIBER-REINFORCED COMPOSITES UNDER TENSION-TENSION CYCLIC LOADING

A new degradation function of the friction coefficient is used.Based on the double shear-lag model and Paris formula,the interracial damage of coated- fiber-reinforced composites under tension-tension cyclic loading is studied.The effects of strength and thickness of the coating materials on the debond stress,debond rate as well as debond length are simulated.

Debonding Failure in FRP Reinforced SHCC Beams Induced from MultipleFlexural-Shear Cracks under Three-Point Bending Test

Strain hardening cement-based composites(SHCC)beam externally bonded with glass fiber-reinforced polymer(FRP)plate was examined under three-point flexural test.The effects of the type of substrate used(plain cement mortar vs.SHCC),the use or not of a FRP plate to strengthen the SHCC beam,and the thickness of the FRP plate on the flexural performances were studied.Results show that the ultimate load of SHCC beams strengthened with FRP plate has improved greatly in comparison with plain SHCC beams.The deformation capacity of beams makes little change with an increase in the thickness of FRP plates.The formation of multiple flexural-shear cracks(MFSC)is the unique feature of SHCC beams bonded with FRP plates under three-point bending.The debonding of the FRP plate is initiated from MFSC.The initiated debonding area(IDA)is formed by the joint points of the flexural-shear cracks with the FRP plate.Then the debonding strain is represented using the average strain of FRP plate within IDA,which decreases with an increase of FRP plate thickness.The experimental values of the debonding strain of SHCC beam reinforced with FRP plate are close to those predicted by the JSCE’s equation.

Sandstone-concrete interface transition zone (ITZ) damage and debonding micromechanisms under freeze-thaw

The sufficient bond between concrete and rock is an important prerequisite to ensure the effect of shotcrete support. However, in cold regions engineering protection system, the bond condition of rock and concrete surface is easily affected by freeze-thaw cycles, resulting in interface damage, debonding and even supporting failure. Understanding the micromechanisms of the damage and debonding of the rock-concrete interface is essential for improving the interface protection.Therefore, the micromorphology, micromechanical properties, and microdebonding evolution of the sandstone-concrete interface transition zone(ITZ) under varying freeze-thaw cycles(0, 5, 10, 15, 20) were studied using scanning electron microscope, stereoscopic microscope, and nano-indentation. Furthermore, the distribution range and evolution process of ITZ affected by freeze-thaw cycles were defined. Major findings of this study are as follows:(1) The microdamage evolution law of the ITZ under increasing freeze-thaw cycles is clarified, and the relationship between the number of cracks in the ITZ and freeze-thaw cycles is established;(2) As the number of freeze-thaw cycles increases, the ITZ's micromechanical strength decreases, and its development width tends to increase;(3) The damage and debonding evolution mechanisms of sandstone-concrete ITZ under freeze-thaw cycles is revealed, and its micromechanical evolution model induced by freeze-thaw cycles is proposed.

Debonding Patch Detection in FRP-Strengthened Materials with Fiber-Optic Interferometer

The interfacial debonding in fiber-reinforced plastic(FRP)strengthened repair material will affect the bonding strength and lead to failure of the repair without warning.Unfortunately the interfacial damage is normally invisible and often in the form of a patch rather than a through-width crack.Therefore,a debonding patch detection technique based on fiber optic interferometry is proposed.A quasi-impulse loading is applied with a rubberhead hammer and the total elongation of a surface-mounted optical fiber along the length of the repair material is measured as a function of load position.When a debonding patch is present,the induced sudden slope or sign change on the plot of fiber integral strain v.s.load position will reveal the extent and the location of the debonded area.The results of the study indicate that the proposed technique is applicable for debonding patch detection in repaired members under various support conditions.

INTERFACIAL DEBONDING OF FRC UNDER CYCLIC LOADING

With the increasingly use of FRC (fiber-reinforced composite) in urban lifelines, me-chanical properties investigation is very important for disaster resistance, especiallythe investigation of fatigue properties. Based on the shear-lag model, an usual com-posite model under cyclic loading is established. According to the Paris formula, therelationship between interfacial fatigue parameters and the number of cycles is ob-tained under the cyclic loading. Interfocial fatigue properties of this model and thegrowth of the interfacial fatigue crack are analyzed. And the Poisson ratio is consid-ered also.

THEORETICAL ANALYSIS ON THE LOCAL CRITICAL STRESS AND SIZE EFFECT FOR INTERFACIAL DEBONDING IN PARTICLE REINFORCED RHEOLOGICAL MATERIALS

The mechanisms of interfacial debonding of particle reinforcedrheological materials are studied. Based on an energy criterion, asimple formula of local critical stress for interfacial debonding isderived and expressed in terms of the interfacial energy. Theparticle size effect on interface debond- ing can then be analyzedeasily owing to the fact that critical stress is inverselyproportional to the square root of particle radius. By takingPP/CaCO_3 system as an example, the present energy criterion iscompared with the mechanical debonding criterion, and it is foundthat under the condition that bond strength is equal to matrixstrength and particle radius not over 0.2μm, the mechanicaldebonding cri- terion can be automatically satisfied if the energycirterion is satisfied.

Analytical and Numerical Modelling of FRP Debonding from Concrete Substrate under Pure Shearing

External bonding of fiber reinforced polymer （FRP） composites on the concrete structures has been proved to be an effective and efficient way to strengthen concrete structures. For a FRP strengthened concrete beam, it is usually observed that the failure occurs in the concrete and a thin layer of concrete is attached on the surface of the debonded FRP plate. To study the debond behavior between concrete and FRP composites, an analytical model based on the three-parameter model is developed to study the debonding behavior for the FRP-to-concrete joint under pure shearing. Then, nonlinear FEM analysis is conducted to verify the PrOposed analytical model. The FEM results shows good agreement with the results from the model. Finally, with the analytical model, sensitivity analyses are performed to study the effect of the interracial parameters or the ~eometric parameters on the debondin~ behavior.

Micromechanical Analysis of Interfacial Debonding in Metal Matrix Composites Subjected to off-axis Loading

This study aims to investigate the effects of interfacial debonding and fiber volume fraction on the stressstrain behavior of the fiber reinforced metal matrix composites subjected to off-axis loading.The generalized method of cells(GMC)is used to analyze a representative element whose fiber shape is circular.The constant compliant interface model(CCI)is also adopted to study the response of composites with imperfect interfacial bonding.Results show that for the composites subjected to off-axis loading,the mechanical behaviors are affected appreciably by the interfacial debonding and the fiber volume fraction.

Experimental and numerical evaluation on debonding of fully grouted rockbolt under pull‑out loading

The axial loading in rockbolts changes due to stress redistribution and rheology in the country rock mass.Such a change may lead to debonding at rockbolt to grout interface or rupture of the rockbolt.In this study,based on laboratory experiments,ultrasonic guided wave propagation in fully grouted rockbolt under different pull-out loads was investigated in order to examine the resultant debonding of rockbolt.The signals obtained from the ultrasonic monitoring during the pull-out test were processed using wavelet multi-scale analysis and frequency spectrum analysis,the signal amplitude and the amplitude ratio(Q)of low frequency to high frequency were defined to quantify the debonding of rockbolt.In addition to the laboratory test,numerical simulation on the effect of the embedment lengths on ultrasonic guided wave propagation in rockbolt was conducted by using a damage-based model,and the debonding between rockbolt and cement mortar was numerically examined.It was confirmed that the ultrasonic guided wave propagation in rockbolt was very sensitive to the debonding because of pull-out load,therefore,the critical bond length could be calculated based on the propagation of guided wave in the grouted rockbolt.In time domain,the signal amplitude in rockbolt increased with pull-out load from 0 to 100 kN until the completely debonding,thus quantifying the debonding under the different pull-out loads.In the frequency domain,as the Q value increased,the debonding length of rockbolt decreased exponentially.The numerical results confirmed that the guided wave propagation in the fully grouted rockbolt was effective in detecting and quantifying the debonding of rockbolt under pull-out load.

A STUDY OF THE ELASTO－PLASTIC AXIALLY TENSILE PROPERTIES OF METAL MATRIX COMPOSITES WITH FIBER－END DEBONDING

Bused on the generalized self-consistent finite element iterative averaging method.this paper studied the effects of the fiber-end debonding on the axially tensile elasto- plastic properties of SiC whiskers reinforced Aluminium matrix composite for variouscases of different.fiber's fiber's aspect ratios and volume fractions Compared with the casesof perfect interface.it could be concluded that the effects of fiber-end debonding willbecome weaker with the fiber aspect ratio increasing and greater as the fiber volumefraction increases.

碳纤维板加固H型钢梁抗剥离夹具研制及应用试验

外贴碳纤维板是钢梁抗弯加固的常用方法,但其端部易因界面应力集中导致剥离破坏,严重影响高性能材料的有效利用,特别是结构加固后的安全服役.为此开发出一种适用于H型钢梁的简易夹具——C形槽板夹,以加强碳纤维板的端部锚固.通过多根带夹碳纤维板加固梁的静力加载试验,验证了此夹具的可靠性,并考察了碳纤维板伸入剪跨段长度与剪跨段长度之比及锚固方式(纯粘、端锚和混锚)对加固效果的影响.研究发现端锚加固不同于纯粘,只要梁的控制截面仍在夹具之间,碳纤维板的极限应力、加固效果及利用效率均随其长度缩短而提高,当碳纤维板长度分别为600、750 mm时,前者极限应变和承载力比后者分别高27.3%和8.1%.由于钢梁表面处理质量较差,混锚加固梁均发生突然剥离,后期退化为端锚加固梁,因而相比端锚加固梁加固效果改善不大,需要提高表面处理质量再做类似研究.尽管如此,相比纯粘加固梁,混锚加固梁采用C形槽板夹后剥离破坏被延迟,抗弯性能大为改善.试验过程中还用压电阻抗法对界面剥离情况进行了检测,结果符合实际.

固体发动机药柱低温点火开裂失效的跨尺度分析

为了准确预测推进剂装药在低温点火过程中是否发生开裂,提出了一种全局⁃局部单向收缩耦合的跨尺度分析方法。针对高能硝酸酯增塑聚醚(NEPE)推进剂,开展低温中应变率单轴拉伸试验,获取了推进剂的典型失效模式。结果表明,基于发展的推进剂非线性粘弹性本构模型,实现了固体发动机药柱低温点火的宏观结构分析,获取了推进剂药柱结构危险点的位置;同时建立了考虑颗粒与基体界面脱湿和颗粒断裂的细观颗粒填充模型,进一步将宏观结构分析结果作用于相应的细观代表性体积单元(RVE)上。最后,建立推进剂细观失效准则,表明在低温点火条件下药柱结构完整性满足要求。收缩跨尺度分析方法可作为预测药柱在低温点火过程中开裂行为的有效手段。

A Comparative Study on the Post-Buckling Behavior of Reinforced Thermoplastic Pipes(RTPs)Under External Pressure Considering Progressive Failure

The collapse pressure is a key parameter when RTPs are applied in harsh deep-water environments.To investigate the collapse of RTPs,numerical simulations and hydrostatic pressure tests are conducted.For the numerical simulations,the eigenvalue analysis and Riks analysis are combined,in which the Hashin failure criterion and fracture energy stiffness degradation model are used to simulate the progressive failure of composites,and the“infinite”boundary conditions are applied to eliminate the boundary effects.As for the hydrostatic pressure tests,RTP specimens were placed in a hydrostatic chamber after filled with water.It has been observed that the cross-section of the middle part collapses when it reaches the maximum pressure.The collapse pressure obtained from the numerical simulations agrees well with that in the experiment.Meanwhile,the applicability of NASA SP-8007 formula on the collapse pressure prediction was also discussed.It has a relatively greater difference because of the ignorance of the progressive failure of composites.For the parametric study,it is found that RTPs have much higher first-ply-failure pressure when the winding angles are between 50°and 70°.Besides,the effect of debonding and initial ovality,and the contribution of the liner and coating are also discussed.

衬胶管道脱粘缺陷超声检测与识别方法研究

针对目前对在役衬胶管道脱粘缺陷缺乏有效检测手段,且检测效率和准确率较低的问题,基于超声脉冲回波法的基本原理,设计了适用于圆柱形衬胶管道超声检测的扫查和探头夹持装置,建立了相应的超声检测试验系统。分析了实际应用中多种干扰因素对超声回波信号的影响,构建了基于一维CNN的超声回波信号二分类模型。通过试验和与传统超声检测缺陷识别方法进行对比,结果表明利用所建立的超声检测系统及一维CNN模型能够在多种干扰因素存在的情况下实现对脱粘缺陷较精确的识别,识别准确率达到96.22%,为在役衬胶管道脱粘缺陷的自动化检测和识别提供了一种有效的方法和手段。

铝管与泡沫层胶接结构脱黏缺陷的空气耦合超声检测

针对铝管与泡沫隔热层胶接结构脱黏缺陷的检测问题,开展了检测技术研究和脱黏缺陷类型分析。根据胶接结构的特点,制作了人工缺陷试样,使用空气耦合超声穿透法进行C扫描成像检测,并对扫描发现的异常区域进行微焦点CT检测分析,归纳了脱黏缺陷的类型及其成因。试验结果表明,空气耦合超声穿透法能有效检出材料中的脱黏缺陷,脱黏缺陷的成因包括型面不贴合引起胶层未填满和胶层内空气未完全排出产生了间隙层。

基于振动测量的热防护结构脱粘损伤检测方法

针对典型飞行器热防护结构脱粘损伤现场快速无损检测的需求,提出了一种基于敲击测量频响函数的脱粘损伤识别方法。首先,利用有限元方法建立了含脱粘损伤的热防护结构有限元模型并进行了振动特性分析,分析了脱粘损伤引起的结构局部刚度下降规律以及频响函数对脱粘损伤的敏感性;其次,确定了脱粘损伤识别的特征频率范围,给出了一个脱粘损伤指标;最后,采用力锤与激光多普勒测振仪对含脱粘的热防护结构进行了测量。实验结果表明,当脱粘面积达到60%时,脱粘损伤指标比健康件增加了1倍以上,当脱粘面积达到80%时,脱粘损伤指标为健康件的5倍以上,验证了所提出的方法能够有效识别出热防护结构的脱粘损伤。

基于超声能量特征的复合结构材料脱粘检测方法

针对受限于复合结构的厚度、层数、材料种类等因素导致超声回波信号混叠,难以实现界面脱粘检测的问题,提出一种直接利用超声纵波反射混叠信号的能量特征进行复合结构脱粘缺陷检测的方法。首先建立单层与多层复合结构的超声信号反射与透射特性模型;然后提取并分析不同界面粘接状态下结构的超声回波能量特征,并基于该模型进行钢-橡胶-橡胶复合结构的脱粘检测仿真,通过引入能量差异值进行脱粘界面识别;最后,利用超声波探伤设备对钢-橡胶-橡胶复合结构试样进行实际脱粘缺陷检测。理论分析和实验验证均表明,该方法可以实现多层复合结构脱粘缺陷的有效检测。