Achieving Cooler Soil as an Effective Heat Sink for Earth-to-Air Heat Exchanger (EAHE) Cooling Technology in Malaysia Tropical Climate

This research is intended to explore the capacity of Malaysia soil in becoming a more effective heat sink for the application of Earth-to-Air Heat Exchanger (EAHE) Cooling Technology in Malaysia. EAHE Cooling Technology consists of buried pipes underground where the ambient air is channeled through from the pipe inlet and produces cooler air at its outlet. Within the buried pipes, heat exchange process occurs between the air and the soil that surrounding the pipe. This building cooling technology has been applied in many countries, mostly in temperate or hot and arid climate where the diurnal temperature is large. However, minimal resources were found on the study of EAHE application to buildings in Malaysia, hence there is room to develop. A parametric study on EAHE cooling application in Malaysia was done through field experiment and concluded that among many parameters affecting the technology performance, the soil temperature which surrounded the pipe was the most influential factor. The study recommended to further reduce the soil temperature to achieve a cooler outlet temperature. In response to that, this research conducted a parametric study of soil temperature under three different soil surface conditions: bare, shaded with timber pallettes and insulated with used tyres at 1.0 m and 1.5 m underground. The data was logged for a month and the result has shown significant reduction in the soil temperature underground below the shaded and insulated soil surface as compared to below bare soil surface condition. The insulated soil surface produced the best result where the soil temperature was reduced up to 26.9°C. The main contribution of this paper is to highlight that the soil surface treatment can be used to reduce solar heat gain within the soil underground and thus improving the performance of EAHE Cooling Technology particularly for the application in Malaysia tropical climate.

Numerical simulation of heat transfer and flow of cooling air in triangular wavy fin channels

Numerical computation models of air cooling heat transfer and flow behaviors in triangular wavy fin channels(TWFC) were established with structural parameters of fins considered.The air side properties of heat transfer coefficient and pressure drop are displayed with variable structural parameters of fins and inlet velocities of cooling air.Within the range of simulation,TWFC has the best comprehensive performance when inlet velocity vin=4-10 m/s.Compared with those of straight fins,the simulation results reveal that the triangular wavy fin channels are of higher heat transfer performances especially with the fin structural parameters of fin-height Fh=9.0 mm,fin-pitch Fp=2.5-3.0 mm,fin-wavelength λ=14.0-17.5 mm and fin-wave-amplitude A=1.0-1.2 mm.The correlations of both heat transfer factor and friction factor are presented,and the deviations from the experimental measurements are within 20%.

Energy Efficient Air Conditioning System Using Geothermal Cooling-Solar Heating in Gujarat, India

It is well known that one unit of electrical energy saved is equal to more than two units produced. One way of economizing the power is utilization of energy efficient systems at all locations. In the present study, the air conditioning system is analysed and an innovative way is suggested. We use natural low temperature of shallow sub surface (1 - 3 m) of the earth—geothermal cooling system. It is known that majority of the households and the apartment complexes in India have two tanks for water storage. One is the underground water sump and the other is the overhead water tank. In our study, we use these two water storage systems for space cooling during summer and also for heating during winter. The main aim of our paper is air-conditioning of the space in an economic way to save electricity. It is based on a simple idea of transferring the low temperature from underground water sump to the room in the house using water as a mode of transport. Since India is a tropical country located at low latitude, most of the year, the air temperature is high and demands space cooling. However, for a couple of months during severe winter months (Dec.-Jan.) at Ahmedabad, heating of the space is required. For heating the space, we suggest to use the well-known solar water heater. Effective use of heat exchanger is shown through computation, modelling schemes and lab experiment. We recommend geothermal cooling for 10 months in a year and solar hot water system during 2 months of winter. It is observed that the ambient air temperature of 35°C - 40°C in the room can be brought down to 26°C without much consumption of electricity. In a similar manner, the room temperature at night (13°C) during winter in Ahmedabad can be increased to 27°C through circulation of water from solar water heater in the heat exchanger.

Distribution optimization of circulating water in air-cooled heat exchangers for a typical indirect dry cooling system on the basis of entransy dissipation

The flow and heat transfer of air-cooled heat exchangers play important roles in the performance of indirect dry cooling systems in power plants,so it is of benefit to the design and operation of a typical indirect dry cooling system to optimize the thermo-flow characteristics of air-cooled heat exchangers.The entransy dissipation method is applied to the performance optimization of air-cooled heat exchangers in this paper.Two irreversible heat transfer processes in air-cooled heat exchangers,the heat transfer between circulating water and cooling air and the mixing of circulating water,are taken into account and analyzed by means of the entransy dissipation method.The total entransy dissipation rate,which connects the geometrical parameters of air-cooled heat exchanger sectors and the heat capacity rates of the fluids to the heat flow rate in every sector,is obtained.Based on the mathematical relation and the conditional extremum method,an optimization equation group is derived,by which the air-cooled heat exchanger with known air-side parameters is optimized,showing that the entransy dissipation based optimization approach can contribute to the distribution optimization of circulating water in air-cooled heat exchangers of a typical indirect dry cooling system.

基于插片散热器的某功放单元设计

设计一款可在室内机房环境条件下工作,总热耗约为2700 W,结构紧凑、散热方式简单、散热效果良好,可安装在19寸机柜内的功放单元。依据该功放单元工作原理、内部器件布局、热耗,综合考虑散热与结构要求,设计一种采用组合插片散热器强迫风冷的方案。通过功放模块和电源分组固定安装在分层的3个插片散热器上,同时与设备侧壁形成完整的风道的方式,实现了功放单元的强迫风冷散热;并对该设备进行了热传导与散热理论计算,同时运用仿真软件建立模型,进行数值分析。数值仿真结果显示,该功放单元正常工作热交换达到平衡状态时,功放模块外壳最高温度为64.2℃,满足设计要求。通过实物样机验证了该功放单元基于组合插片散热器结构设计方案的可行性,以及计算、仿真方法的合理性、正确性。

平流层飞艇载荷舱电子设备散热仿真分析

飞艇载荷舱电子设备的温度极大地影响了其工作可靠性,随着飞艇载荷舱应用途径的拓展,载荷总功率不断增长,设备设计功耗及热流密度显著提升,但平流层气体密度仅为地面的1/18,对流散热能力差,散热问题逐渐成为制约技术发展的关键问题。文章为了解决高载荷功率下的散热痛点,引入了两相流体回路散热方法,探究其与风扇强迫散热的散热能力,在分析载荷舱电子设备传热特性的基础上,基于计算流体力学,设计了风扇强迫对流散热系统,同时提出一种采用1,1,1,2-四氟乙烷(R134a)流体回路对平流层载荷舱电子设备散热的方法,并使用表观热容法对其进行仿真,计算了两种散热方式下飞艇载荷舱的温度场和流场,得到了两种方式的散热能力。仿真结果表明,风扇的散热极限工率约为591 W,两相流体回路方式散热可以解决700 W的散热需求,使用风扇散热可以满足基本散热需求;使用两相流体回路方式散热可以对平流层飞艇载荷舱电子设备进行有效热控,为平流层大功率电子设备散热的设计和计算提供思路。

双层动车复合式冷却系统散热与噪声控制的优化研究

高速双层动车由于其内部空间紧凑以及元件的高功率化,冷却系统存在整体散热性能较差、噪声污染严重的问题。为此,通过冷却系统空气流场的数值模拟与试验研究,对其散热性能和噪声控制进行了优化。参照常用的冷却系统空气流道结构,基于双层动车复合式冷却系统的技术参数要求,对其尺寸进行了初步设计计算。分别采用多孔介质模型和多参考系(MRF)对复合式冷却系统换热器的芯体结构与旋风过滤器进行简化,并对其空气侧流场进行数值模拟。研究结果表明:风机入口处存在局部涡流,导致流体进入通风机的角度混乱,影响风机有效做功,在工作环境下系统风量(2.96 m^(3)/s)远小于设计值(3.35 m^(3)/s);同时局部涡流产生较大的气动噪声。此外,换热器入口的风速分布不均匀,导致系统冷却能力不足。针对上述问题,对空气流道结构进行了优化。调整了进、出口消声器的3个流道的流通面积,并在过渡段设置“喇叭型”导流结构来改善换热器进口处风速的均匀性;在冷却系统进、出口增加弧线型消声器能进一步降低噪声。结果表明:空气流道结构优化后水侧散热功率从33.18 kW增加到41.55 kW,油侧散热功率从157.82 kW增加到173.82 kW,系统加权平均噪声值从74.95 dB(A)降低到72.21 dB(A)。本研究可为类似工程项目冷却系统的优化设计提供参考,有助于改善乘坐体验和车辆运行的经济性。

膜片式微通道预冷器换热微细管束振动分析与可靠性评价方法

针对预冷吸气式组合发动机的膜片式微通道预冷器换热微细管束振动可靠性问题,建立换热微细管固有振动特性计算方法与数学模型,研究预冷器换热微细管在高速气流冲击下的振动模式,给出综合考虑旋涡脱落激振、紊流抖振和弹性激振等多种共振模式的预冷器换热微细管束振动可靠性评价模型,揭示预冷器换热微细管振动可靠度的变化规律。研究结果表明,预冷器换热微细管的固有振动频率与换热微细管外径、壁厚、相邻支撑间隔板之间跨度以及材料特性等参数密切相关,其振型具有正弦函数的特征;预冷器换热微细管在高速气流冲击作用下存在旋涡脱落激振、紊流抖振、弹性激振等共振模式;预冷器换热微细管振动可靠度随外侧被冷却工质流速的增大呈现出先降低后提高并趋近于某一数值的变化规律;为防止预冷器换热微细管发生共振损坏,在结构设计中要充分结合工作剖面、流动换热特性等,合理设计换热微细管束结构参数。

某风冷电源热分析及优化设计

针对强迫风冷电源中功率器件密度日益增高,热流密度增大,高温环境下易出现热失效,需在降额温度之下工作的问题,研究其整机热分析及机箱散热器结构优化设计。首先基于各功率器件热耗、机箱散热器结构、环境边界条件等参数,利用CAE仿真软件建立符合物理模型的仿真模型,并进行热仿真分析,得到温度分布云图;然后分析基板厚度、鳍片形状等结构尺寸参数对电源散热性能的影响,同时对散热器结构尺寸进行优化,并确定了散热器最优结构。最后建立了基于散热器最优结构的实体样机,开展高温实验。通过实验数据与仿真数据对比分析,得出最大误差仅为3.5%的结果,证实了计算结果的准确性。结果表明:利用软件进行热仿真及散热器优化的举措是可靠的,且优化后的散热器满足功率器件的降额要求及电源机箱的散热需求。研究结果体现了散热仿真分析的必要性,为风冷机箱的应用提供理论和实践支持。

布雷顿循环冷端空冷换热器设计与变工况运行特性分析

作为布雷顿循环系统中的重要冷端部件,气体冷却器的性能对循环系统结构紧凑性和运行高效性有重要影响。分析了一种新型横流印刷电路板式换热器(printed circuit heat exchanger,PCHE)—板翅混合式气体冷却器的工作性能及影响因素,对该种换热器建立了一个数值计算模型,并编写MATLAB程序验证其可靠性;基于此,对该类冷却器进行了设计,其功率密度均在1 MW/m^(3)以上,属于紧凑型换热器;其次进行了变工况性能分析,给出了冷却器的压降和换热性能随循环工质和冷却空气进口状态的变化规律,并比较了布雷顿循环工质为超临界二氧化碳、氮气、空气时冷却器的换热特性和压降特性,结果表明,冷、热流体流量的改变对换热特性的影响最明显。研究结果对布雷顿循环空冷换热器的设计与运行具有参考意义。

一种穿通风冷机箱散热设计及分析

本文介绍了一种19英寸4U的穿通风冷机箱,支持ASAAC标准6U的LRM模块插拔。整个机箱热耗高,热量集中,机箱采用热传导、强迫风冷相结合的方式散热。由于尺寸限制,背板采用开过风孔方式来保证冷风经过LRM模块表面。利用FloEFD热仿真软件在机箱设计阶段进行热仿真分析验证,合理优化机箱风道,保证风路设计流畅。最后经过高温+60℃试验验证,机箱的热设计满足热设计要求,为其他类似机箱设计提供了参考,具有较好的指导意义。

浅析板管蒸发冷却式无霜空气源热泵及其设计应用

在常规板管蒸发冷却式冷水机组设计的基础上,借鉴了热源塔热泵系统使用防冻液喷淋的防冻措施原理,将其应用在板管蒸发冷却式冷热水机组上,并对板管蒸发式换热器及系统进行设计改进,使其适用于冬季制热工况,从而形成板管蒸发冷却式无霜空气源热泵机组。机组夏季采用板管蒸发式换热器作为冷凝器,相比于空气源热泵降低了冷凝温度,提高了系统的性能系数。冬季使用防冻液喷淋,设备运行无除霜循环,系统供热稳定,大大提高了室内侧的热舒适性。试验研究了不同溶液再生方式下的机组性能,结果表明:利用过冷热再生模式进行溶液再生时机组性能最优,在制热量不衰减的情况下性能系数仅下降了2.5%~5.1%。机组适用于夏热冬冷地区及部分纬度较低的寒冷地区。

液体硅酸钠用冷却输送装置的优化改进

液体硅酸钠因黏度高、易结晶,给其冷却输送带来了较大困难。介绍了一种新型液体冷却输送装置的结构、工作原理及技术特点。液体硅酸钠冷却输送应用效果证明,该新型装置在不改变流量的基础上提升冷却系统的运行效率,保证了高黏度液体冷却输送的高效和节能。

直接空冷火电机组乏汽余热利用技术

火电厂汽轮机排汽(乏汽)需要冷凝成液态水用于系统循环,湿冷、干冷机组都需要消耗大量能量来冷凝乏汽。北方缺水地区采用直接空冷火电机组,大量乏汽通过空冷岛散热。从热力学第二定律来看,乏汽已无做功能力,但是汽化潜热与做功能力无关,在能够提供真空环境确保乏汽流动性和需要加热远低于乏汽温度的工质的情况下,乏汽中的汽化潜热仍具有很高的回收价值。尤其对于直接空冷火电机组,其汽轮机排汽压力和温度均高于湿冷机组,可以采用汽水换热器直接回收乏汽热量加热厂区生水,降低电厂辅助蒸汽的消耗量,提高电厂收益。

整机散热系统机械结构设计的性能分析与改进

整机散热系统机械结构设计直接影响设备的性能和使用寿命。通过对现有散热系统进行综合分析,发现目前散热效率低下的主要原因在于散热路径不合理、风道设计不科学以及材料选择不当。针对这些问题,提出一系列改进措施,包括优化散热路径、重新设计风道结构、引入高效散热材料等。实验结果表明,改进后的散热系统在热传导效率、风量分布均匀性以及整体散热性能方面均有显著提升。

高热值固废焚烧炉炉排片优化研究

为研究高热值固废焚烧空冷炉排片高温下性能,利用CFD模拟计算方法对优化后新结构空冷炉排片进行了数值计算,模拟结果表明,在相同的炉膛温度条件下,新结构炉排片相比原炉排片,表面温度降低幅度最大值超80℃,表面平均温度降低幅度均在20℃以上,降温效果明显。经过现场炉排片替换试验,新型固定炉排片比原炉排片可稳定降温34℃左右,经过两年半稳定运行,新型炉排片均未发生损坏,使用寿命高于原炉排片。

洁净手术室新风湿度的优先控制设计

分析某医院洁净手术室空调系统的设计,包括空调热湿负荷计算、送风量和新风量计算、手术室空气处理过程焓湿图分析等。经实际计算,表明洁净手术室夏季采用新风湿度优先控制,相比采用新风处理到室内焓值节能效果更好。同时,对洁净手术室内温湿度设定和冷热源设计进行探讨,表明手术室温湿度合理设定以及手术室冷热源合理设计,对手术室能耗影响显著。

制冷空调用换热器研究进展

为实现制冷空调行业的节能减排目标,研究具有轻量化、小型化和高效化的制冷空调用换热器至关重要。本文主要介绍强化换热技术在制冷空调用换热器中的应用,包括风冷式换热器、水冷式换热器和蒸发式冷凝器,以及适应低制冷剂充注量、低GWP工质的紧凑型高效换热器的研发进展,为换热器的优化设计提供借鉴。

电站空冷技术:研究现状及建议

空冷技术能够在电站冷端利用空气完成换热冷却,相比湿冷技术在节水、降耗、减排及降本方面具有独特优势。从系统设计与运行优化的角度出发,综述了直接空冷和间接空冷两大类空冷技术的研究进展。设计优化方面,换热器(凝汽器和散热器)的流动换热特性已获得广泛研究,相关优化一般从几何结构、位置布局等角度开展,然而目前凝汽器研究对象多局限于翅片管,针对管束整体的优化研究比较缺乏,散热器研究则需更全面地考虑几何参数的影响等;另外,由于风机(群)直接决定凝汽器的进气流量,其气动特性和集群效应研究成为重点,目前已形成多种分区方法和运行控制策略实施调优,但优化方案的经济性分析研究还有待深入。运行优化方面,为了削弱环境效应对空冷系统的负面影响,可以通过加装导流板等改善流场以扩展风的正向效应、开发控制预测模型进行防冻调控或设计防冻装置优化传热、设计开发各类清洗系统进行除垢等。当前研究在换热器设计优化的精度、广度和各类环境效应作用机理方面仍有进步空间,未来研究方向还包括新能源电站应用空冷的适应性分析,运用人工智能技术进行换热器设计、性能预测等。

风冷式热泵机组结构优化设计及散热性能研究

基于ANSYS ICEM软件对风冷式热泵机组进行物理建模和网格划分,在常规制冷工况下利用Fluent软件对运行机组进行温度场及速度场仿真模拟。分析其散热过程,并结合实验监测的方式进行研究。针对夏季高温风冷式热泵机组散热效率低下的问题,设计了一种辅助散热系统并进行结构优化,通过水帘预冷与雾化喷淋装置强化换热过程,提高散热效率、减少散热死区,并通过实验测试不同辅助装置对机组散热性能的影响。研究结果表明,增加辅助散热系统可有效提高机组散热效率。相同室外空气状态下,综合散热性能、蒸发效率以及经济性方面,雾化喷淋装置相比水帘预冷装置更有优势。