Effects of Health Education with Problem-Based Learning Approaches on the Knowledge, Attitude, Practice and Coping Skills of Women with High-Risk Pregnancies in Plateau Areas

Objective: Given the unique cultural background, way of life, and physical environment of the Tibetan Plateau, this study aims to investigate the effects of health education using problem-based learning (PBL) approaches on the knowledge, attitude, practice, and coping skills of women with high-risk pregnancies in this region. Methods: 76 high-risk pregnancy cases were enrolled at Tibet’s Linzhi People’s Hospital between September 2023 and April 2024. 30 patients admitted between September 2023 and December 2023 were selected as the control group and were performed with regular patient education. 46 patients admitted between January 2024 and April 2024 were selected as the observation group and were performed regular patient education with problem-based learning approaches. Two groups’ performance on their health knowledge, attitude, practice and coping skills before and after interventions were evaluated, and patient satisfaction were measured at the end of the study. Results: There was no statistical significance (P P P Conclusions: Health education with problem-based learning approaches is worth promoting as it can help high-risk pregnant women in plateau areas develop better health knowledge, attitude and practice and healthier coping skills. Also, it can improve patient sanctification.

A Multi-Center Randomized Controlled Study UsingΔP_(CO2)/Ca-v_(O2)as the Target to Guide Early Tissue Hypoperfusion in Sepsis in Plateau Areas

Objective:To explore the value of using the venous-arterial carbon dioxide partial pressure difference and the arterial-venous oxygen content difference ratio(ΔP_(CO2)/Ca-v_(O2))as targets to guide early tissue hypoperfusion in sepsis in plateau areas.Methods:90 sepsis patients admitted to the Third People’s Hospital of Xining and Golmud People’s Hospital from June 2017 to December 2022 were selected as the research subjects,and they were divided into the Scv_(O2)(central venous oxygen saturation)group and theΔP_(CO2)/Ca-v_(O2)group,with 45 cases in each group.The two groups were treated with early shock resuscitation according to different protocols.The hemodynamic characteristics of the two groups of patients before and after resuscitation were observed,and the volume responsiveness was evaluated.The ROC(receiver operating characteristic)curve was used to analyze the significance ofΔP_(CO2)/Ca-v_(O2),Scv_(O2),lactate,lactate clearance,and urine output in evaluating patient prognosis and the correlation betweenΔP_(CO2)/Ca-v_(O2)and the above indicators was explored.Results:Compared with before resuscitation,after fluid resuscitation,the heart rate(HR),mean arterial pressure(MAP),central venous pressure(CVP),cardiac index(CI),lactate,lactate clearance rate,and urine output of the two groups of patients were significantly improved(P<0.05);in terms of therapeutic effect,the 28-day mortality rate,6-hour fluid balance,and lactic acid clearance of theΔP_(CO2)/Ca-v_(O2)group were better than the Scv_(O2)group.The ROC characteristic curve showed that theΔP_(CO2)/Ca-v_(O2)value can effectively predict the prognosis of patients(AUC=0.907,sensitivity was 97%,specificity was 72.4%,and critical value was 1.84).ΔP_(CO2)/Ca-v_(O2)significantly correlated with Scv_(O2),lactic acid,and lactic acid clearance rate.Conclusion:TheΔP_(CO2)/Ca-v_(O2)value can be used to guide fluid resuscitation in early hypoperfusion in sepsis in plateau areas,improve patients’hemodynamics,reduce lactate indicators,and increase urine output.ΔP_(CO2)/Ca-v_(O2)level>1.84 can effectively improve patient prognosis.

Comparison of LR,5-CV SVM,GA SVM,and PSO SVM for landslide susceptibility assessment in Tibetan Plateau area,China

The applicability of statistics-based landslide susceptibility assessment methods is affected by the number of historical landslides.Previous studies have proposed support vector machine(SVM)as a small-sample learning method.However,those studies demonstrated that different parameters can affect model performance.We optimized the SVM and obtained models as 5-fold cross validation(5-CV)SVM,genetic algorithm(GA)SVM,and particle swarm optimization(PSO)SVM.This study compared the prediction performances of logistic regression(LR),5-CV SVM,GA SVM,and PSO SVM on landslide susceptibility mapping,to explore the spatial distribution of landslide susceptibility in the study area in Tibetan Plateau,China.A geospatial database was established based on 392 historical landslides and 392 non-landslides in the study area.We used 11 influencing factors of altitude,slope,aspect,curvature,lithology,normalized difference vegetation index(NDVI),distance to road,distance to river,distance to fault,peak ground acceleration(PGA),and rainfall to construct an influencing factor evaluation system.To evaluate the models,four susceptibility maps were compared via receiver operating characteristics(ROC)curve and the results showed that prediction rates for the models are 84%(LR),87%(5-CV SVM),85%(GA SVM),and 90%(PSO SVM).We also used precision,recall,F1-score and accuracy to assess the quality performance of these models.The results showed that the PSO SVM had greater potential for future implementation in the Tibetan Plateau area because of its superior performance in the landslide susceptibility assessment.

Selection of Indigenous Plants in Roads in Northwestern Loess Plateau Area

[Objective] The aim was to study on resource utilization of indigenous plants in roads in order to solve resource shortage of indigenous plant in bioengi- neering. [Method] Based on northwestern loess plateau area, we conducted research on selection of indigenous plants and survey on the species which could live in adverse condition, mainly by surveying, with frequent tests as a supplement, to make a comprehensive observation and evaluation on plant combinations which are to be extensively applied. [Result] The research indicated that in central dividing strips, four arbors, including Platycladus orientalis （Linn.）Franco, Sabina chinensis, Sabinachinen- sis（Linn.）Ant., and Ulmus purnila L., and nine frutices, including Lycium chinense, Tamarix austromongolica, Rosa xanthina Lindl., Forsythia suspense, Atriplex canescens, Amygdalus triloba, Hippophae rharnnoides Linn., Arnorpha fruticosa L., and Syzygium aromaticum could be planted. In addition, Gleditsia sinensis Lain, Robinia pseudoacacia L, Elaeagnus angustifolia L., Rhus typhina, Salix babylonica, Salixmatsudana and Fraxinus chinensis, tall and strong, are suitable to be planted as border trees, presenting a good vision. Frutices, limited by height, are usually with more branches, which will provide a good landscape if grown with tall plants. Prunus dacidiana and Ulmus pumila L., prone to be damaged by insects, should be planted with other species to stop the infestation in space. [Conclusion] The research laid foundation for selection of indigenous plants in roads, providing references for resource shortage of indigenous plant for bioengineedng.

Method for Evaluating the Reliability of Compressor Impeller of Turbocharger for Vehicle Application in Plateau Area

As turbocharging diesel engines for vehicle application are applied in plateau area, the environmental adaptability of engines has drawn more attention. For the environmental adaptability problem of turbocharging diesel engines for vehicle application, the present studies almost focus on the optimization of performance match between turbocharger and engine, and the reliability problem of turbocharger is almost ignored. The reliability problem of compressor impeller of turhocharger for vehicle application when diesel engines operate in plateau area is studied. Firstly, the rule that the rotational speed of turbocharger changes with the altitude height is presented, and the potential failure modes of compressor impeller are analyzed. Then, the failure behavior models of compressor impeller are built, and the reliability models of compressor impeller operating in plateau area are developed. Finally, the rule that the reliability of compressor impeller changes with the altitude height is studied, the measurements for improving the reliability of the compressor impellers of turbocharger operating in plateau area are given. The results indicate that when the operating speed of diesel engine is certain, the rotational speed of turbocharger increases with the increase of altitude height, and the failure risk of compressor impeller with the failure modes of hub fatigue and blade resonance increases. The reliability of compressor impeller decreases with the increase of altitude height, and it also decreases as the increase of number of the mission profile cycle of engine. The method proposed can not only be used to evaluating the reliability of compressor impeller when diesel engines operate in plateau area but also be applied to direct the structural optimization of compressor impeller.

Relationship Between Agriculture and Ecological Deterioration,Restoration and Reconstruction in Loess Plateau Areas of Northwest China

A comprehensive analysis was conducted on the current situation as well as historic succession processor agriculture and ecological conditions in Northwest China, in particular in the Loess Plateau, by means of a inter-disciplinary approach of ecology, agro-geohistory, and agronomy. It was concluded that the fundamental causes responsible for the ecological deterioration, signed by the poor agro-productivity and serious soil erosion, had been the extensive cropping system by ever-increasing reclamation on semi-drought slope land, where initiated a natural vegetation of brushy grasses with sparse trees, thus suitable only for animal husbandry. Based on an identification of specific actual status of China, several countermeasures of correctly dealing with the relationship between agricultural development and the ecological restoration and reconstruction were proposed, including to get breakthrough first in the transection area by means of the rational use of resources and the raising of agro-system productivity, to promoting 'water conservancy-type ecological agriculture' through the radical shift of traditional production pattern, and the adoption of a policy of proper degree of grain self-reliance, as well as to construct livestock industry base in Northwest China.

A Study on Forest Species Diversity and Its Ecological Service Function in the Plateau Area of Western Sichuan

This paper presents a study on species diversity and its ecological service function in the plateau area in western Sichuan. The results show that species diversity in the plantations on the cutover land has a tendency to increase and that its ecological service function is to be improved with stand age growing. The species diversity in forest communities is also gradually increased on different succession stage till reaching a climax level. But the species diversity in the climax community is slightly decreased before it reaches a relatively constant status. Ecological service function of diversity is gradually strengthened with the progress of succession. In addition, species diversity in a stand in a similar site and at a same age differs among forest types. Species diversity index within a coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest is larger than that within a coniferous forest. Meanwhile, species diversity enriches as the tree density increases.

Impacts and Countermeasures of Climate Change on Animal Husbandry in Qinghai Plateau and Its Surrounding Area

The paper aims to study the impacts and countermeasures of climate change on animal husbandry in Qinghai plateau and its surrounding area,and evaluate the effect of countermeasures.Results showed that：First,the annual mean temperature,annual mean maximum temperature and annual mean minimum temperature showed an increasing trend in Qinghai plateau during the time from 1961 to 2008; the annual precipitation had not obvious change,but the obvious feature of seasonal change; wind speed and sunshine hours showed a decreasing trend during the time from 1961 to 2008.Secondly,under the current climate condition,grassland productivity showed a decreasing trend,and the grassland theoretical capacity affected by grassland productivity decreased too; warm winter was in favor of livestock overwintering safely,which resulted in a high level of the survival rate of young stock; temperature increasing and precipitation decreasing were beneficial to the fatness of livestock,but the meat yield of livestock was affected by some negative factors such as grassland degradation; livestock diseases had a close relationship with weather condition,and adverse weather condition may arose many diseases of livestock.Thirdly,in view of the current problems of livestock production,we took a series of countermeasures including grass industry construction,livestock improvement,developing new modes of animal husbandry,control and prevention of stockbreeding diseases and insect pests and recovery of meteorological disasters,which played a important role in promoting grassland productivity,solving the problem of the imbalances between livestock and forage,protecting the ecological environment and improving livestock performance.

Remote Sensing Monitoring of the Subalpine Coniferous Forests and Quantitative Analysis of the Characteristics of Succession in East Mountain Area of Tibetan Plateau——A Case Study With Zamtang County

The study area lies in the Dadu River drainage area in upstream Yangtze River.The spatial distribution of subalpine coniferous forests in 1989 and 2009 was extracted by means of a combined method of object orientation and visual interpretation,and then the overlaying analysis of these data was conducted.The type and spatial location of succession were discovered and served as the sample of dependant variable.Meanwhile,supported by GIS technology and based on DEM and thematic data,the eight variables including altitude,slope,sin and cosin of aspect,curvity of land surface,and distance to residential area,cultivated land and road were extracted served as the sample of spatial succession of subalpine coniferous forests to fit Logistic Regression,and then the contribution of each independent variable as well as the spatial property of the occurrence probability of succession was calculated.The results suggested that,during the succession of subalpine coniferous forests to meadow,the closer to the residential area and cultivated land,the greater the contribution to succession is.In particular,when the distance to the residential area decreases by one unit,the probability for its conversion to meadow will be increased by 1.15 times.During the succession of subalpine coniferous forests to deciduous-broadleaved shrubs,the sin of aspect and distance to residential area contribute more,and the probability of succession increases with increasing degree of northwardness,i.e.when the degree of northwardness increases by one unit,the probability will be increased by 1.2 times.The quantitative analysis of spatial succession property of subalpine coniferous forests will supply scientific basis to the protection and restoration of subalpine coniferous forests.

Erosion environment in the sediment-rich area on the Loess Plateau

Based on the investigation and analysis of characteristics of precipitation, natural environment, socio-economic factors and soil erosion, this paper indicates that the precipitation is the main driving force for the soil erosion in the sediment-rich area, its variability determines the characteristics of soil and water loss; the natural conditions such as the drainage systems, geological and topographic features, the composition of soil and land surface materials, vegetation and climate determine the seriousness of soil and water loss; irrational socio-economic activities of human beings usually accelerated soil and water loss; meanwhile, the low preservation rate and inferiority of soil and water conservation measures made it impossible to make rapid progress on soil and water loss control. Furthermore, the characteristics of erosion environment endowed this area with more sediment that is the main reason for the flooding disasters by the Yellow River. Therefore, more emphasis should be placed on the enhancement of soil and water conservation. The soil loss prediction models will provide scientific basis for the planning of soil and water conservation, the designing of soil and water conservation measures and the valuation of effects of soil and water loss control. According to the analysis of the previous studies on soil loss prediction, and the water-sediment variation features, it is thought that study on soil loss prediction under various rainfall conditions and soil-water conservation measures should be carried out.

Spatial pattern and mechanisms of farmland abandonment in Agricultural and Pastoral Areas of Qingzang Plateau

With the rapid development of social economy and urban−rural integration,the phenomenon of farmland aban-donment worldwide has proved to be one of the main trends of land use and land cover change(LUCC),and profoundly affected the rural landscape and regional ecological environment.Restricted by the natural environ-ment,economic development and backward agricultural technology,the phenomenon of farmland abandonment is also common in the Qingzang Plateau(QP).Therefore,this paper adopted the spatial autocorrelation method to analyze the spatial pattern of abandonment in the agricultural and pastoral areas of the Qingzang Plateau(APA−QP)in 2017,and the geographically weighted regression(GWR)model to explore the effects of geograph-ical resources,socio-economic development and location conditions on farmland abandonment.This study found that:1)From 2015 to 2017,the abandoned farmland area in the APA−QP was approximately 18.23×10^(4)ha,with an overall abandonment rate of 15.18%.On the whole,it showed the distribution characteristics of“strong in the south and weak in the north,strong in the east and weak in the west”.2)There were positive spatial correlation between both abandoned area and abandonment rate in the APA−QP,showing“concave”and“convex”patterns,respectively,mainly concentrated in the Huang−shui Valley and the Southeast Tibet;while in the western and northern regions,the degree of abandonment was relatively low.3)Farmland abandonment in the APA−QP was mainly driven by the geographical environment changes and farmers’decision−making on farmland utilization.There was significant spatial heterogeneity on farmland abandonment associated with the impact of geographical resources,socio−economics and location conditions.The geographical resource factors had a positive impact on the abandonment,and were strongly constrained by natural geographic conditions such as altitude and slope.The farmland resources in the Qingzang Plateau are limited,but are of strategic significance for the sustainable development of agriculture in the whole Qingzang Plateau.In order to realize the rational distribution of agricul-ture and animal husbandry and the sustainable utilization of farmland resources in the plateau region,land use strategies should be implemented according to regional differences and regional advantages in order to ensure the ecological environment security of Qingzang Plateau.

Path of Social Construction in Northwest Sichuan Plateau Pastoral Area

On the basis of main contents of social construction and key points of construction,this paper analyzes features of conditions of northwest Sichuan plateau pastoral area.The social construction at current stage mainly includes social cause in narrow sense,and social management at meso-level.The northwest Sichuan plateau pastoral area is faced with the best policy and development opportunity.However,there are still many weak aspects.Firstly,social structure is not coordinated with economic structure.Secondly,social construction ability of grass-roots government is weak.Thirdly,the ability to respond to public demands is low.Fourthly,there is a big gap in availability of basic public service.Finally,it presents path selection for social construction of northwest Sichuan plateau pastoral area:strengthen social construction ability of grass-roots government;promote social construction with livelihood projects as key projects;boost social construction taking advantage of ecological construction;develop basic public service with the aid of external forces;intensify evaluation system for supervision of social construction works.

Dynamic Monitoring and Control Measures of Spodoptera frugiperda(J.E.Smmith) in Low Latitude Plateau Sugarcane Areas

Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E.Smmith) is one of the major migratory pests warned by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO).It has been successfully invaded sugarcane and corn in Jinggu,Longchuan,Gengma,Menghai,Yingjiang,Lancang of Yunan Province,China.In view of the great variety of hosts,wide range of habitats and strong migration ability,S.frugiperda has the potential of causing catastrophic threats to sugarcane production.In this paper,we made a systematic introduction to the morphological and biological characteristics of S.frugiperda,analyzed its occurrence situations and occurrence trends in Yunnan of China and other countries around the world,and proposed the control strategies and measures of ecological regulation and control,natural enemies protection and utilization,biological control,pesticide control and adults trapping based on the outbreak characteristics of S.frugiperda and the actual sugarcane production in low latitude plateau areas.

Genesis of the Cenozoic Sodic Alkaline Basalt in the Xiahe–Tongren Area of the Northeastern Tibetan Plateau and its Continental Dynamic Implications

Objective The Cenozoic Indo-Asian collision caused significant crustal shortening and plateau uplift in the central Tibet. The extrusion tectonic model has been widely accepted to explain the strike-slip faults around the Tibetan Plateau. Previous studies indicate that the lower crust flow is the main drive force of the extrusion tectonics. Whether mantle extrusion process occurred during the Cenozoic uplift is a major problem to be addressed, which is significant for understanding the uplift mechanism and tectonic evolution of the Tibetan Plateau.

我国黄土高原地区地震动衰减关系研究的若干进展

地震动的衰减关系是指地震动随震级、距离和场地条件等变化的经验关系,近年来在我国亦被称为地震动预测方程,是估计地震动及其影响场的主要方法之一,在地震区划和重大工程场地地震安全性评价中被广泛应用。黄土是一种特殊土,在我国广泛分布。我国黄土高原地区地质构造复杂,新构造活动强烈,中强地震频发,地震动的衰减关系有其特殊性,总结我国黄土高原地区地震动衰减关系的研究成果对促进黄土高原地区抗震研究有重要意义。在简要介绍国内外地震动衰减关系研究的基础上,全面系统地总结我国学者在黄土高原地区的地震烈度衰减关系,基岩和土层场地地震动峰值加速度、峰值速度、峰值位移以及反应谱衰减关系方面的研究成果;评述和讨论在黄土覆盖地区地震动衰减研究领域存在的问题和今后的研究方向。文章的研究工作对从事黄土高原地区地震工程研究的科技人员有重要参考价值。

渭北黄土台塬区水库水下岸坡稳定形态预测模型研究

黄土地区水库塌岸预测仍以卡丘金法等经验图解法为主,此类方法预测结果的准确性取决于对岸坡剖面形态的准确描述。为了提高黄土地区水库塌岸宽度预测的准确性,选取渭北黄土台塬区选择典型水库进行现场调查,对原河道岸坡形态与蓄水后岸坡形态进行对比分析,在此基础上建立了水下岸坡形态预测模型。结果表明,渭北黄土台塬区水库岸坡塌岸稳定后,水上岸坡呈直立状,高度可达30 m以上,水下岸坡呈曲线形,受水深和岸坡高度共同影响,塌落物可能露出水面。在此基础上基于对数螺线方程建立了水下岸坡形态预测模型,并与经典图解法所用直线型岸坡进行对比,误差分析结果表明采用对数螺线方程进行水下岸坡形态预测时堆积体积误差为4.50%~39.70%,均值为12.64%,而直线型岸坡的预测误差为25.75%~124.69%,均值为75.69%。即采用对数螺线方程可以更好的测水下岸坡形态及水下堆积量。相关研究成果对黄土台塬区水库塌岸预测方法的改进,以及黄河流域的渭北黄土台塬区的环境保护与高质量发展具有实际意义。

Central nervous injury risk factors after endovascular repair of a thoracic aortic aneurysm with type B aortic dissection

Aortic dissection is the deadliest disease of the cardiovascular system.Type B aortic dissection accounts for 30%-60%of aortic dissections and is mainly treated by endovascular repair of thoracic endovascular aneurysm repair(TEVAR).However,patients are prone to various complications after surgery,with central nervous system injury being the most common,which seriously affects their prognosis and increases the risk of disability and death.Therefore,exploring the risk factors of central nervous system injury after TEVAR can provide a basis for its prevention and control.AIM To investigate the risk factors for central nervous system injury after the repair of a thoracic endovascular aneurysm with type B aortic dissection.METHODS We enrolled 306 patients with type B aortic dissection who underwent TEVAR at our hospital between December 2019 and October 2022.The patients were categorized into injury(n=159)and non-injury(n=147)groups based on central nervous system injury following surgery.The risk factors for central nervous system injury after TEVAR for type B aortic dissection were screened by comparing the two groups.Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed.RESULTS The Association between age,history of hypertension,blood pH value,surgery,mechanical ventilation,intensive care unit stay,postoperative recovery times on the first day after surgery,and arterial partial pressure of oxygen on the first day after surgery differed substantially(P<0.05).Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that age,surgery time,history of hypertension,duration of mechanical ventilation,and intensive care unit stay were independent risk factors for central nervous system injury after TEVAR of type B aortic dissection(P<0.05).CONCLUSION For high-risk patients with central nervous system injury after TEVAR of type B aortic dissection,early intervention measures should be implemented to lower the risk of neurological discomfort following surgery in high-risk patients with central nervous system injury after TEVAR for type B aortic dissection.

高原牧区不同害鼠胃肠内容物对D型肉毒神经毒素的破坏强度分析

为探明高原牧区不同害鼠胃肠内容物对D型肉毒毒素的破坏强度与害鼠对毒素的敏感性之间的关系,采用霍恩氏法测定了D型肉毒毒素对高原鼠兔(Ochotona curzoniae)、高原鼢鼠(Eospalax baileyi)及青海松田鼠(Neodon fuscus)的灌胃半数致死剂量(LD50),并测定3种害鼠胃肠内容物及其上清液与D型肉毒毒素作用后的毒素残留量。结果表明:D型肉毒毒素对高原鼠兔、高原鼢鼠及青海松田鼠的LD50分别为5110、5840、50100 MLD/kg。害鼠胃肠内容物对毒素的破坏强度由高到低依次是青海松田鼠、高原鼢鼠、高原鼠兔。3种害鼠胃肠内容物对D型肉毒毒素的破坏作用存在差异,且LD50与毒素残留量之间呈正相关性。胃肠道环境差异是导致不同害鼠对D型肉毒毒素产生敏感性差异的原因之一,研究结果对今后选育高效、特异性D型肉毒毒素生物灭鼠剂具有指导意义。

高原地区四点源诱偏系统抗ARM防护性能仿真分析

针对传统反辐射导弹(ARM)攻击仿真模型难以评价高原复杂地形下雷达诱饵的防护效能问题,对传统雷达诱饵诱偏模型进行了改进.首先建立了ARM攻击有源诱偏系统的运动模型,分析了有源诱偏系统对ARM的影响;然后在此基础上,模拟仿真了高原条件下最佳四点源诱偏系统分布模型的抗毁效能.仿真结果表明,通过增大各辐射源高度差可以有效弥补因间距缩短导致的防护概率下降的问题;利用前三角形布站形式,当各辐射源部署间距为100m和高度差为60m时,雷达的防护概率可以达到99.1%,基本满足雷达有源诱偏系统对雷达的防护要求.

从土壤保持角度探索全国生态桑产业发展布局

桑树具有十分强大的土壤保护功能。本文基于全国生态功能区划,瞄准生态桑在土壤保持生态系统服务功能中持续作用的重大科学问题,考量了桑树在各类生态重点区域的定位和价值实现途径。通过分析各生态区域蚕桑产业发展的基础状况,确定了西南喀斯特区、川滇干热河谷区、三峡库区、黄土高原区、鲁中山区和昆仑山区等6个桑树土壤保持核心服务区。针对上述6个桑树土壤保持核心服务区的产业生态特征,分别提出了保墒增碳、护土保水、保土降污、屯水治沙、肥土增碳和防风固沙的土壤管理技术,并推荐了广西宜州、四川盐边、重庆巫溪、陕西榆林、山东烟台和新疆和田等6个技术先行示范区。