Redistribution of Platelet Membrane Glycoprotein IV and Release of Intracellular α-granule Thrombospondin in Patients with Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia

The redistribution of platelet membrane glycoprotein IV (GPIV) and the release of intracellular Q-granule thrombospondin (TSP) were examined and the inhibition of 5-thromboglobulin (&TG) and platelet factor 4 (PF4) in patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) was observed and quantitation of β-TG and PF4 in sera was conducted. GPIV in inactive platelet from CML was 36080±17010 molecules/platelet as compared with 13190±4810 from the controls (P<0,01), No abnormality was found in the distribution of platelet membrane GPIb and GPIIb/III.(P>0. 05). The GPIV redistribution on active platelet membrane induced thrombin (1U/ml) from CML and healthy donors was 44320132310 and 228001 12700 molecules/platelet respectively (P<0. 01 ). The difference in the release of intracellular Q-granule TSP between CML and the control group was not found (P>0.05). There was no direct correlation between GPIV expression and TSP binding after platelet activation. The high leveIs of β-TG and PF4 in sera inhibited release of intracellular a-granule TSP in vitro. These results indicate that the abnormality of platelet membrane GPIV is a common marker in CML, therefore the specific increase of platelet GPIV in patients with CML may be a useful tool for the diagnosis and monitoring of the platelet dysfunction. The release of interna1 TSP pools is hindered by either β-TG or PF4 in sera.

Effect of Xiaoyu Zhixue Tablet (消瘀止血片) on Expression ofPlatelet Membrane Glycoproteins in Patients withHemorrhagic Thrombopathy

Objective: To observe the effect of Xiaoyu Zhixue tablet (消瘀止血片,XYZXT) on the expression of platelet membrane glycoproteins in patients with hemorrhagic thrombopathy, and to explore its possible mechanism. Methods: The total of 148 patients with hemorrhagic thrombopathy were randomly divided into two groups, the traditional Chinese medicicne (TCM) group (n=98) treated with XYZXT and the Western medicine (WM) group (n=50) treated with adrenosin, vitamins C, K and P, both for 6 months. The therapeutic effect and the recovery rate of platelet aggregation in the two groups were observed. And platelet membrane glycoprotein (GP) Ⅰb/Ⅸ, GPⅡb/Ⅲa complexes, GPⅠb, GPⅡb, GP Ⅲa and P-selectin were analyzed by flow cytometry in both groups before and after treatment and also in 34 normal healthy subjects. Results: The total effective rate of hemostasis was 89. 8% in TCM group and 54. 0% in the WM group (x2=45.83, P<0.01), and the recovery rate of platelet aggregation was 72.4% and 4.0% respectively (x2=62.06, P<0.01). The fluorescence intensity of GP Ⅰ b/Ⅸ, GPⅡb/Ⅲa complexes, GPⅠb, GPⅢa and P-selectin were lower in both groups before treatment than those in the healthy subjects. Expression of above-mentioned marks was elevated in TCM group after 6 months' therapy, which was insignificantly different as compared with the healthy subjects (P>0.05) and higher than those in the WM group (P<0.05). Conclusion: One of the mechanisms in treating hemorrhagic thrombopathy with XYZXT is that it could regulate the expression of GP Ⅰb/Ⅸ, GPⅡ b/Ⅲa complexes, GPⅠb, GPⅢa and P-selectin at the level of receptor protein.

Expression of Platelet Membrane Glycoprotein Ib/Ⅸ/Ⅴ Complex,a Receptor of Thrombin,in Patients with Hemorrhagic Thrombopathy

To investigate the role of platelet membrane glycoprotein （GP） Ib/Ⅸ/Ⅴ complex and its subunit GP Ibα in patients with hemorrhagic thrombopathy （HT）, the expressions of GP Ib/Ⅸ/Ⅴ complex and GP Ibα,defined as mean fluorescence intensity （MFI）, were assessed by flow cytometry. The maximum aggregation of platelet was determined by turbidity method. These indicators were compared among 68 HT patients with the presenting complaint of hemorrhage, 33 well-controlled HT patients and 32 normal healthy subjects. The results showed that the MFI of GP Ib/Ⅸ /Ⅴ complex and GP Ibα was markedly lower in HT patients with current hemorrhage than that in the healthy subjects, with difference being statistically significant （P〈0.05）. There was no significant difference in the expressions of GP Ib/ Ⅸ/ Ⅴ complex and GP Ibα between well-controlled HT patients and normal healthy subjects （P〉0.05）. It was concluded that the expression of GP Ib/Ⅸ /Ⅴ complex, the receptor of thrombin and von Willebrand factor, was down-regulated in HT patients with current hemorrhage, which might result in the dysfunction of platelet aggregation and recurrence of HT.

Association of the Platelet Membrane Glycoprotein Ⅰa C807T Gene Polymorphism with Aspirin Resistance

To explore the correlation between the C807T polymorphism of platelet membrane glycoprotein Ⅰa （GP Ⅰa） gene and aspirin resistance in Chinese people, 200 patients with high-risk of atherosclerosis took aspirin （100 mg/d） for 7 days. Platelet aggregation function was detected using adenosine diphosphate （ADP） and arachidonic acid （AA） before and after the administration of aspirin. Then the subjects were divided into three groups according to the results of platelet aggregation function： an aspirin resistant （AR） group, an aspirin semi-responder （ASR） group and an aspirin-sensitive （AS） group. Platelet GP Ⅰa gene 807CT polymorphism was examined by means of polymerase chain reaction-sequence specific primers （PCR-SSP）. The results showed that T allelic frequency in AR group and ASR group were higher that of AS group （P〈0.005）, and the prevalence of genotypes （TT＋TC） of these two groups was significantly higher than that in AS group （P〈0.05）. Platelet GP Ⅰa T allele was significantly associated with aspirin resistance as revealed by multiple logistic regression （OR=3.76, 95% CI： 2.87-9.58）. The results suggest that inherited platelet GP Ⅰa variations may have an important impact on aspirin resistance and the presence of GP Ⅰa T allele may be a marker of genetic susceptibility to aspirin resistance.

原发与继发免疫性血小板减少症患者血小板膜糖蛋白特异性抗体及其与出血评分关系的研究

目的探讨原发与继发免疫性血小板减少症(ITP)患者抗GPⅡb/Ⅲa及GPΙb/Ⅸ抗体的表达、抗体阳性表达与出血评分的关系,以及不同抗体类型出血评分的差异,为原发与继发ITP患者的诊治和出血严重程度提供临床依据。方法选取2013年10月—2020年8月在新疆医科大学第一附属医院诊断为原发ITP患者(42例)及继发ITP患者(42例)为研究对象,所有患者入院时采用ITP出血评分量表行出血评分。应用改良MAIPA法检测患者抗GPⅡb/Ⅲa和抗GPΙb/Ⅸ抗体。结果原发与继发组患者抗GPⅡb/Ⅲa抗体、抗GPΙb/Ⅸ抗体阳性率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),原发组患者抗体表达以抗GPⅡb/Ⅲa抗体为主,继发组抗体表达以抗GPΙb/Ⅸ抗体为主,两者抗体阳性构成比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。继发组患者整体出血程度较原发组重(P<0.05)。抗体阳性表达与出血程度的关系:(1)抗GPⅡb/Ⅲa抗体阳性患者出血程度较抗体阴性患者重(P<0.05)。(2)抗GPΙb/Ⅸ抗体阳性患者出血程度较抗体阴性患者重(P<0.05),双抗体阳性患者出血程度较抗体阴性患者重(P<0.05)。结论抗GPⅡb/Ⅲa抗体、抗GPΙb/Ⅸ抗体阳性表达对原发与继发ITP无鉴别意义,但原发ITP患者抗体表达以抗GPⅡb/Ⅲa抗体为主,继发ITP患者抗体表达以抗GPΙb/Ⅸ抗体为主。继发ITP患者临床出血程度较原发ITP患者重。抗GPⅡb/Ⅲa抗体、抗GPΙb/Ⅸ抗体及抗体双阳性患者出血程度较抗体阴性患者重。

Original article Activated changes of platelet ultra microstructure and plasma granule membrane protein 140 in patients with non-small cell lung cancer

Background Non-small cell lung cancer （NSCLC） is the leading cause of cancer mortality worldwide. Platelet activation may play an important role in pathologic progress in lung cancer. In this study, we aimed to clarify the influence of activated platelets on lung cancer generation and growth, and the relationship among these functional and ultrastructural chanqes of platelets and the severity of pathoeenetic condition in these Datients with NSCLC.Methods One hundred and thirty-six cases of patients with pathologically confirmed NSCLC were included in this study. Fifty-four healthy people were enrolled as controls. The change of ultra microstructure and activity of blood platelets were observed under the transmission and scanning electron microscope. Simultaneous determination of plasma granule membrane protein 140 （GMP-140） was made.Results Transmission electron microscopy showed remarkable changes of ultra microstructure of platelets in patients with NSCLC, including swelling, increase of α-granules, vesicles, and glycogenosome. Scanning electron microscopy showed many more surface processes and wrinkles on platelets in patients with NSCLC. The reference plasma levels of GMP-140 of healthy controls were （18.2±2.7） μg/L. The plasma levels of GMP-140 in patients with NSCLC were （47.8±12.3） μg/L, which were much higher than those of the controls. There was a medium positive correlation between plasma levels of GMP-140 and amount of α-granules （r=0.514, P 〈0.01） and a high positive correlation between plasma levels of GMP-140 and area of platelet （r=0.84, P 〈0.01） in patients with NSCLC. The Kaplan-Meier survival curve analysis showed significant shift to the left in patients with NSCLC whose a-granules per platelet were 19 or more compared to those 18 or less （Log rank statistic, X^2= 17.38, P〈0.01）.Conclusions There are significant activated changes of ultra microstructure and increased activity of blood platelets in patients with NSCLC. These activated platelets may play an important role in the generation and growth of lung cancer. These changes can be used as a diagnostic index of severity, progression, and prognosis of NSCLC.

龙柴降血方对原发性血小板增多症患者凝血功能及血小板活化蛋白的影响

目的观察龙柴降血方对原发性血小板增多症(ET)患者凝血功能及血小板活化蛋白的影响。方法选取2020年1月—2021年10月中国中医科学院西苑医院收治的ET患者22例,给予龙柴降血方治疗4个月,观察治疗前后血栓弹力图指标[凝血时间(R)、凝血速率(K)、纤维蛋白功能(Angle)、血栓最大振幅(MA)、血栓最大振幅时间(TMA)、即时振幅(A)、30 min振幅(A30)、从血样开始检测到曲线分叉所需时间(SP)、血凝块溶解时间(CLT)]、高凝状态发生率和积分变化。选取其中15例ET患者,采用平行反应监测(PRM)技术检测患者治疗前后血小板活化蛋白[血小板膜糖蛋白Ibα(GPIbα)、糖蛋白VI(GPVI)、选择素-P(SELP)]表达水平,分析比较血小板聚集改善患者和血小板聚集增强患者上述各蛋白表达水平的差异;取5例健康者和10例ET患者治疗前后血清,采用Western blot法检测血清GPIbα表达情况;分析15例ET患者MA与血清GPIbα表达水平的相关性。结果与治疗前比较,龙柴降血方治疗后MA、CLT、高凝状态发生率、高凝状态积分和血清GPIbα、GPVI表达水平均明显降低(P均<0.05),血清SELP表达水平无明显变化(P>0.05)。治疗后血小板聚集改善患者血清GPIbα表达水平明显低于血小板聚集增强患者(P<0.05),GPVI表达水平无明显变化(P>0.05)。与健康人相比,10例ET患者治疗前血清GPIbα相对表达量明显增高(P<0.05);10例ET患者治疗后血清GPIbα相对表达量较治疗前明显降低(P<0.05)。龙柴降血方治疗后MA下降与GPIbα表达下调呈正相关(r=0.6986,P<0.05)。结论龙柴降血方能够抑制ET患者血小板聚集,改善高凝状态,其机制可能与抑制GPIbα蛋白介导的血小板活化信号通路有关。

慢性非缺血性心力衰竭患者血小板PAC-1和CD62p的表达及其与心功能的关系

目的探讨慢性非缺血性心力衰竭患者血小板膜糖蛋白纤维蛋白原受体(PAC-1)和P选择素(CD62p)的表达及其与心功能的关系。方法选取2019年1月至2022年1月天津市南开医院收治的185例慢性非缺血性心力衰竭患者作为观察组,根据纽约心脏病学会(NYHA)心功能分级将观察组患者分为心功能Ⅱ级组58例、心功能Ⅲ级组88例和心功能Ⅳ级组39例,根据左室射血分数(LVEF)将观察组患者分为射血分数保留心衰组(HFpEF)123例、射血分数临界值心衰组(HFmrEF)25例和射血分数下降心衰组(HFrEF)37例,再以B型钠尿肽(BNP)中位数为界将观察组患者分为高BNP组109例和低BNP组76例;另选取同期心功能正常的就诊者55例作为对照组。比较各组患者的基本临床信息、生化、BNP指标和PAC-1、CD62p的表达水平,采用Pearson相关分析法分析PAC-1、CD62p水平与BNP、LVEF的关系。结果观察组患者的PAC-1、CD62p水平分别为(23.67±16.54)%、(10.43±9.19)%,明显高于对照组的(9.33±9.63)%、(4.24±5.49)%,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);不同心功能分级患者对比发现,PAC-1、BNP水平为Ⅳ级>Ⅲ级>Ⅱ级>对照组,CD62p水平为Ⅳ级>Ⅲ级、Ⅱ级>对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);不同LVEF分级患者对比发现,PAC-1水平为HFrEF组>HFmrEF组、HFpEF组>对照组,BNP水平为HFrEF组>HFmrEF组>HFpEF组>对照组,HFpEF组、HFmrEF组、HFrEF组CD62p水平分别为(10.72±9.17)%、(9.87±11.19)%、(9.84±7.88)%,明显高于对照组的(4.24±5.49)%,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);高BNP组患者的PAC-1、CD62p分别为(26.97±16.94)%、(11.05±9.62)%,明显高于低BNP组的(13.80±12.82)%、(6.97±7.54)%,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);经Pearson相关分析结果显示,PAC-1、CD62p与BNP呈正相关(r=0.363、0.182,P<0.05),PAC-1与LVEF呈负相关(r=-0.297,P<0.05)。结论慢性非缺血性心力衰竭患者的PAC-1、CD62p水平均明显增高,且与心功能有关,检测其水平有助于为患者的病情评估及临床治疗提供参考依据。

GPIa C807T和G873A基因多态性对血小板聚集抑制率的影响

目的:探讨GPIa C807T和G873A基因多态性对血小板聚集抑制率的影响,为临床个体化抗血小板聚集治疗提供实验数据支持。方法:收集正在使用阿司匹林抗血小板聚集治疗的住院患者80例,采用血栓弹力图仪检测血小板聚集抑制率,根据聚集抑制率检测结果分为阿司匹林抵抗(aspirin resistance,AR)组(共10例)和阿司匹林敏感(aspirin sensitivity,AS)组(共70例),分析GPIa C807T、G873A基因型及其等位基因在两组分布状况以及两者患者临床资料与实验检测指标关系。结果:AR组807T、873G等位基因高于AS组(χ^(2)=4.039、4.354,P=0.044、0.037);AR组高血压病史患病率、卒中史高于AS组(χ^(2)=4.612、4.737,P=0.032、0.030);AR组血浆D-二聚体(D-D)、血清甘油三酯(TG)高于AS组(t=2.499、2.276,P=0.016、0.033),而AR组血小板聚集抑制率、血清葡萄糖低于AS组(t=15.352、3.076,P<0.001、0.005)。结论:GPIa C807T和G873A基因多态性与AR存在相关性,建议联合检测两基因位点的多态性并结合血小板聚集抑制率,共同指导临床个体化抗血小板聚集治疗。

Effect of Xiaoyu Zhixue Tablet(消瘀止血片) on the Expression of Platelet Membrane Glycoprotein Ⅰb/Ⅸ/Ⅴ Complex in Patients with Chronic Renal Failure

Objective： To investigate the effect of Xiaoyu Zhixue Tablet （消瘀止血片, XYZXT） on the expression of platelet membrane glycoprotein （GP） Ⅰ b/Ⅸ/Ⅴ complex and GP Ⅰ b α in patients with chronic renal failure （CRF） in early metaphase. Methods： Fifty-one patients with CRF in early metaphase （treated group） were treated with XYZXT, 3 months as the course of treatment for 2 courses. The previous therapies remained unchanged. Flow cytometry was used to assess the expression of platelet GP Ⅰb/Ⅸ/Ⅴ complex and GP Ⅰb α in patients with CRF, and turbidity method was used to determine the platelet maximum aggregation rate （MAR）, meanwhile the renal function was measured. The final data were compared with those before the treatment, and with those in the normal control group （31 healthy subjects）. Results： Compared with the normal control group, expressions of GP Ⅰ b/Ⅸ/Ⅴ complex and GPⅠb α, and platelet MAR in CRF patients were significantly lower （P=0.007,P=0.001,P=0.009） before the treatment; after the treatment with XYZXT, the above indexes in CRF patients were remarkably increased （P=0.033,P=0.026, P=0.045）, but still lower than those in the normal control group, however, it was not statistically significant. Conclusion： （1） The expression of GP Ⅰ b/Ⅸ/Ⅴ complex in CRF patients of early metaphase was decreased, which lead to platelet aggregation dysfunction. This might be one of the reasons for the hemorrhagic trend in CRF. （2） XYZXT was able to upgrade expressions of GP Ⅰb/Ⅸ/Ⅴ complex and GPⅠb α in CRF patients, improve platelet function and clown-regulate platelet activation in patients with CRF.

Platelet activation and the protective effect of aprotinin in hepatolithiasis patients

OBJECTIVE: To explore platelet activation and the protective effect of aprotinin in patients with hepatolithiasis. METHODS: The count of plaletets and levels of CD_(62P) and CD_(63) were measured by flow cytometry in 38 patients with hepatolithiasis. Several measurements were carried out after treatment with aprotinin. RESULTS: The levels of CD_(62P), CD_(63) in patients with hepalolithiasis were higher than those in patients with cholecystolithiasis (P<0.05), but the count of platelets was lower (P<0.05). After operation, the levels of CD_(62P), CD_(63) were significantly increased in patients with hepatolithiasis, but the count of platelets was lower (P<0.05). Postoperative levels of CD_(62P), CD_(63) were significantly lower in patients treated with aprotinin than in normal controls (P<0.05); but there was no significant change in the count of platelets in the two groups. CONCLUSION: Platelet activation occurs in patients with hepatolithiasis, and may be inhibited by aprotinin.

Effects of Xuezhikang Capsule(血脂康胶囊) on Blood Lipids,Platelet Activation and Coagulation-Fibrinolysis Activity in Patients with Hyperlipidemia

Objective: To investigate the effects of Xuezhikang capsule (XZK,血脂康胶囊) on blood lipids level, platelet activation and coagulation-fibrinolysis activity in patients with hyerlipidemia. Methods: Seventy-six patients of hyperlipidemia were randomly divided into two groups, the XZK group (n=38) treated with XZK 600mg, taken two times per day and the Simvastatin (SIM) group (n = 38) treated with SIM 20mg per day, with the treatment lasting 8 weeks for both groups. Levels of fasting serum lipids, including total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C and LDL-C), plasma GMP-140, fibrinogen (FIB), tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA), plasminogen activator inhibitor type-1 (PAI-) and prothrombin time (PT) were all measured before and 8 weeks after treatment. Data were compared before and after treatment and also compared with those measured in 20 healthy subjects of control. Results: Before treantment the levels of TC, TG and LDL-C were obviously higher and HDL-C level was significantly lower in hyperlipidemia patients than those in healthy subjects (P<0.05 or P<0.01). After 4-8 weeks of XZK treatment, the levels of TC, TG, LDL-C and FIB and activities of GMP-140 and PAI-1 were obviously lowered (P<0. 05 or P<0. 01). But in the SIM group there was no obvious change in FIB (P>0.05), instead it showed obvious increase of HDL-C and decrease of TC and LDL-C after treatment (P<0.05 or P<0.01). Conclusion: XZK could inhibit platelet activity and improve coagulation-fibrinolysis function, besides its lipids lowering effect.

Diagnosis of Disorders of Platelet Function by Flow Cytometry

The platelet membrane glycoprotein (GP)Ⅱ b/Ⅲ a, GPIX were detected by immunogold assay and flow cytometry, respectively, in two cases of Glannzmann's thrombasthenia (GT). The immunogold assay showed that the GPⅡ b/Ⅲ a gold granules in GT were decreased obviously, compared with that in normal controls. Flow cytometry results showed that GPⅡ b/Ⅲ a in two cases of GT was 0.1 % and 0.5 % of normal control, respectively. While GPIX showed no difference between the GT and normal control. The patients' father showed no bleeding symptoms, whose GPⅡ b/Ⅲ a accounted for 36.99 % of normal control. The experiment results suggested that flow cytometry is a quick, simple and sensitive method for the diagnosis of GP disorders.

MECHANISM OF PRESERVING EFFECT OF APROTININ ON PLATELET FUNCTION DURING CARDIOPULMONARY BYPASS

The deficiency of platelet function is the main defect of hemostatic mechanism during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), which attributed to the postoperative bleeding complication to a great extent. The proteinase inhibitor aprotinin was reported to have preserving effect on platelet adhesion during CPB. In this clinical reserch we found that CPB caused plasma alpha 2-antiplasmin decreasing, indicating the fibrinolytic system activation. Meanwhile, the ristocetin-induced aggregation declined to 39.6% and platelet GPIb decreased to 50% of preoperative value. However, by treatment with aprotinin, the plasma alpha 2-antiplasmin during CPB did not change, platelet aggregation was improved and platelet GPIb was preserved, and consequently resulted in a 46% lower blood loss postoperatively. These results confirmed that aprotinin could inhibit the fibrinolysis during CPB, and thus relieve the platelet damage and improve the postoperative hemostatic mechanism.

Effect of Dauricine on Redistribution of Glycoprotein Ⅳ in Platelet Membrane of Patients with Mitral Stenosis

Objective: To investigate the effect of dauricine on the irreversible platelet aggregability of patients with mitral stenosis (MS).Methods: Glycoprotein Ⅳ (GPⅣ ) and thrombospondin (TSP) levels on the membrane surface of the stationary platelet or platelet activated by thrombin (0. 05 U/ml, 0. 1 U/ml,0. 5 U/ml, 1. 0 U/ml) in 16 patients with MS were measured with flow cytometric method and compared with those of the healthy (14 subjects). Results: The GPⅣ level of stationary platelet, the GPⅣ and TSP level of activated platelet in MS patients were higher than those in the healthy significantly (P < 0. 01,< 0. 05, < 0. 005 ), while the TSP level of stationary platelet in the patients was not different to the healthy (P > 0. 05). The GPⅣ redistribution on the activated platelet surface was apparently inhibited by dauricine (50 μmol/L, P < 0. 05 - 0. 005) and the release of TSP from intracellular α-granules was inhibited by dauricine only in the activated platelets induced by thrombin of low concentration (0. 05 U/ml and 0. 1 U/ml, P < 0. 05 - 0. 01 ), inhibiting effect was not found in those activated with high concentration of thrombin. Conclusion: The activity and reactivity to thrombin of platelets increased in MS patients, and dauricine was able to reduce the occurrence of the irreversible platelet aggregation in MS patients.Original article on CJIM(Chin) 1998; 18(8): 461

血小板膜糖蛋白特异性抗体在ITP患儿中的表达及其与疗效、出血程度的关系分析

目的分析血小板膜糖蛋白(GP)特异性抗体在免疫性血小板减少症(ITP)患儿中的表达情况及其与疗效、出血程度的关系。方法选取2018年2月至2020年12月于唐山市妇幼保健院儿科就诊的102例ITP患儿为研究对象,并将其纳入病例组,另选取同期同院进行体检的110例健康儿童纳入健康组。病例组患儿均接受糖皮质激素冲击疗法,以4周为1个疗程,共治疗5个疗程,并随访3个月。检测并比较两组GP特异性抗体表达情况,统计ITP患儿出血部位并分析不同GP特异性抗体出血程度、疗效及预后。结果病例组抗GPⅠb/Ⅸ抗体、抗GPⅡb/Ⅲa抗体表达水平高于健康组,差异有统计学意义(t值分别为16.521、51.718,P<0.05);102例ITP患儿抗GPⅠb/Ⅸ抗体阳性、抗GPⅡb/Ⅲa抗体阳性、双抗体阳性、双抗体阴性检出率分别为15.69%、4.90%、30.39%、49.02%,0级、1级、2级出血率分别为16.67%、50.00%、33.33%;且0级出血以双抗体阳性占比(0)最低,1级出血以抗GPⅡb/Ⅲa抗体阳性占比(80.00%)最高,2级出血以抗GPⅠb/Ⅸ抗体阳性、双抗体阳性占比(62.50%、48.39%)较高,差异有统计学意义(H=38.237,P<0.05);102例ITP患儿治疗5个疗程后有效率为78.43%,随访3个月后完全缓解率为68.63%;双抗体阴性ITP患儿有效率、完全缓解率均高于抗GPⅠb/Ⅸ抗体阳性、抗GPⅡb/Ⅲa抗体阳性、双抗体阳性ITP患儿,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)值分别为19.866、27.709,P<0.05)。结论ITP患儿抗GPⅠb/Ⅸ抗体、抗GPⅡb/Ⅲa抗体表达水平较高,且其不同表达水平与患儿出血程度、疗效及预后均有密切关系,临床可通过监测GP特异性抗体来对ITP患儿进行早期诊断,并对其出血程度、疗效、预后等进行预测。

丹参饮对高脂血症模型大鼠血小板生理特性和功能的影响机制

目的基于血小板膜糖蛋白4(CD36)/磷脂酰肌醇3-激酶(PI3K)/蛋白激酶B(Akt)信号通路探讨丹参饮对高脂血症模型大鼠血小板生理特性和功能的影响机制。方法通过喂养高脂饮食复制高脂血症模型大鼠,将其随机分为模型组、辛伐他汀组(0.004 g/kg)和丹参饮高、低剂量组(3.6、0.9 g/kg),另设空白组(喂养基础饲料),每组10只。各给药组大鼠每天灌胃相应药物,其余组灌胃等体积生理盐水,连续4周。末次给药后,检测大鼠血脂生化指标[总胆固醇(TC)、三酰甘油(TG)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)]含量,全血黏度、血浆黏度和血浆中纤维蛋白原(FIB)含量,血小板相关参数[血小板计数(PLT)、血小板分布宽度(PDW)和血小板平均体积(MPV)],血小板生理特性和功能相关因子[血管性血友病因子(vWF)、纤维连接蛋白(Fn)、磷脂酶A2(PLA2)、血栓素B2(TXB2)、6-酮-前列腺素F1α(6-keto-PGF1α)、血栓素A2(TXA2)、前列腺素(PGI2)、环磷酸腺苷(cAMP)、环磷酸鸟苷(cGMP)、β-血小板球蛋白(β-TG)]水平,血小板聚集率(最大聚集率、60 s聚集率、180 s聚集率)和纤溶系统相关因子[组织型纤溶酶原活化剂(t-PA)、纤溶酶原激活物抑制剂1(PAI-1)]水平,血小板中CD36/PI3K/Akt信号通路相关蛋白[CD36、黏着斑激酶(FAK)、磷脂酰肌醇4-磷酸5-激酶(PIP5K)、PI3K、磷酸化Akt(p-Akt)、p-Akt1/2/3]表达水平。结果与空白组比较,模型组大鼠血浆中TC、TG、LDL-C含量,全血黏度、血浆黏度、血浆中FIB含量,血浆中PLT、MPV、vWF、Fn、PLA2、TXB2、TXA2、cGMP、β-TG水平,血小板最大聚集率、60 s聚集率,血浆中PAI-1水平,CD36、FAK、PIP5K、PI3K、p-Akt、p-Akt1/2/3蛋白表达水平均显著升高(P<0.05);HDL-C含量和6-keto-PGF1α、PGI2、t-PA水平均显著降低(P<0.05)。经丹参饮干预后,上述大部分指标均显著逆转(P<0.05)。结论丹参饮可改善高脂血症模型大鼠血小板生理特性和功能,其作用机制可能与下调CD36/PI3K/Akt信号通路活性、降低血小板活化程度有关。

平均血小板体积/血小板计数、血小板α颗粒膜糖蛋白对经皮冠状动脉介入治疗即刻血流分级及预后的预测价值

目的 探讨平均血小板体积(MPV)/血小板计数(PC)、血小板α颗粒膜糖蛋白(CD62P)预测经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)即刻血流分级及预后的价值。方法 选取2018年5月至2020年2月河南省直属机关第一门诊部收治的41例PCI即刻心肌梗死溶栓治疗临床试验(TIMI)血流分级0~Ⅱ级病人(观察组)及41例PCI即刻TIMI血流分级Ⅲ级病人(对照组),比较两组及是否发生主要心血管不良事件(MACE)病人的MPV/PC、CD62P指标水平。以logistic回归方程进行多因素分析,采用受试者操作特征曲线(ROC)分析各指标对预测评估PCI即刻血流分级、预后的效能。结果 观察组MPV/PC 0.05±0.02、CD62P(52.26±14.47)%高于对照组的0.04±0.01、(38.87±12.76)%(P<0.05)。MPV/PC、CD62P仍是PCI即刻血流分级的独立相关危险因素(P<0.05);预测PCI即刻血流分级的ROC曲线下面积(AUC):MPV/PC为0.78,CD62P为0.81,MPV/PC+CD62P为0.86(P<0.05);MACE病人MPV/PC 0.06±0.02、CD62P(60.19±15.02)%高于无MACE者的0.05±0.01、(41.75±11.27)%(P<0.05);预测MACE的AUC:MPV/PC为0.76,CD62P为0.80,MPV/PC+CD62P为0.84(P<0.05)。结论 MPV/PC、CD62P均与PCI即刻TIMI血流分级有关,并能相互影响,两者联合具有较高的血流分级、MACE预测价值,有望成为预测PCI病人即刻血流分级和MACE的新方案。

复方丹参滴丸联合氯吡格雷治疗门诊冠心病患者的效果

目的探讨复方丹参滴丸联合氯吡格雷用于门诊冠心病患者治疗的效果研究。方法选取济南市第二人民医院2018年1月至2020年11月收治的122例门诊冠心病患者作为研究对象,进行前瞻性研究,根据随机数字表法将其分为联合组和对照组。对照组61例,男30例、女31例,年龄32~81(55.67±7.21)岁,予以氯吡格雷治疗;联合组61例,男31例、女30例,年龄39~76(57.36±8.85)岁,在对照组基础上联合复方丹参滴丸治疗。两组患者均于治疗前、治疗1个月后评估临床疗效、血小板功能[血小板膜糖蛋白GpⅡb/Ⅲa复合物(PAC-1)、血小板最大聚集率]、凝血功能[D-二聚体(D-D)水平,抗凝血酶Ⅲ(AT-Ⅲ)水平]。组间比较采用t检验、χ^(2)检验、秩和检验。结果治疗前,两组PAC-1、血小板最大聚集率比较,差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。治疗后,两组PAC-1、血小板最大聚集率较治疗前均降低(均P<0.05),且联合组PAC-1、血小板最大聚集率低于对照组(均P<0.05)。联合组临床疗效(95.08%,58/61)优于对照组(77.05%,47/61),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗1个月,两组D-D水平高于治疗前(P<0.05),联合组高于对照组(P<0.05);AT-Ⅲ水平低于治疗前(P<0.05),且联合组低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论复方丹参滴丸联合氯吡格雷能提高门诊冠心病患者的治疗效果,改善患者血小板功能、凝血功能。

抗凝血酶Ⅲ和膜糖蛋白CD62P对特发性膜性肾病发生栓塞风险的研究

据研究统计,慢性疾病给人们造成巨大的经济损失,长期遗留的并发症也严重影响着人们的生活质量。肾脏病也逐渐增加,现在已成为常见慢性疾病,肾病综合征是其中常见类型。原发性肾病综合征的发病病理类型有20%是特发性膜性肾病,近年仍有上升的趋势。特发性膜性肾病常见且严重的并发症是血栓栓塞,血栓栓塞一旦发生会危及患者的生命安全并且严重影响预后与未来生活质量,因此预防血栓栓塞的发生有重要作用。本文探讨抗凝血酶Ⅲ与血小板膜糖蛋白CD62P这两个指标对发生血栓栓塞的风险预测。