INTERSECTION POINT RULE OF THE RETENTION VALUE AND NORMAL BOILING POINT OF THE HOMOLOGUES IN REVERSED-PHASE HIGH-PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY

In this paper, a linear relationship between the logarithm of capacity factor k and normal boiling point to of the homologues has been derived, based on the basic retention equation of liquid chromatography according to statistical thermodyoamics proposed by professor Ln Peizhang and others, This equation has been verified by a large number of experimental data, all the strsight lines of lnk- of bumologues for different mobile phass coaiposltion cross each other at the same point, So the intereection point equation van proposed, wbich was used to prodict the retention valu, the result was satisfactory.

INTERSECTION POINT RULE OF THE RETENTION VALUE AND MOBILE PHASE COMPOSITION OF THE HOMOLOGUES IN REVERSED-PHASE HIGH-PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY

Based on the intersection point rule of the retention value and normal boiling point of homologues in reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography(RPLC), the intersection point rule of the retention value of homologues and mobile phase composition has been derived, and was testified by a lot of experimental data from the literature. With this newly proposed equation, we can use the retention value of the compound in one mobile phase composition to predict its retention value in any other mobile phase composition. For fourteen groups of homologues in five mobile phase compositions on five Kinds of columns, the overall average absolute error of 721 data sets is 2.8%.

THE THEORETICAL STUDY ON INTERSECTION POINT RULE FOR HOMOLOGUES IN GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY

The intersection point rule for homologues in gas chromatography was discovered many years ago,now more and more application and development are occurring in recent years~[2-6], but there are few systemic theoretical studies.In this paper,based on the basic equation of reten- tion values in gas chromatography,we prove the intersection point rule of homologues from mathematics,study the factors affecting intersection point position,give the physical meaning of intersection point,and explain the experimental rules in references.

RAF near point rule for near point of convergence-a short review

RAF near point rule (RNPR) is a routinely used instrument in ophthalmology and optometry practice as well as for research purposes to measure the near point of convergence (NPC). The measurement of NPC is an important criterion for diagnosis and management of convergence insufficiency. The RNPR forms an important tool for ophthalmic clinicians however, only a very little is understood about it. This article tries to describe and review the designs, measurement techniques, merits and demerits of the RNPR and establish the need for its modification. It recommends that clinicians and researchers consider these findings while measuring NPC with the RNPR.

A study of acupoint selection rules of moxibustion and auricular point therapy in the treatment of urinary retention after anorectal surgery based on data mining

Based on the Traditional Chinese Medicine Inheritance Support System(V2.5),we explored the compatibility rules of moxibustion and auricular point prescriptions in the treatment of urinary retention after anorectal surgery,and further to obtain new prescriptions.Methods:We searched CNKI,Wanfang,VIP and CBM databases for the literature of moxibustion and auricular point therapy for urinary retention after anorectal surgery,collecting complete prescriptions and entering them into the Traditional Chinese Medicine Inheritance Support System(V2.5).The acupoint frequency,association rules,and combination rules were analyzed by data mining method of software integration.Results:126 moxibustion prescriptions were selected,and the acupoints for urinary retention after anorectal surgery in the literature were analyzed,including 10 acupoints with frequency≥6,9 acupoint combinations with frequency≥26,5 acupoints with association rules,6 core acupoint combinations and 3 new prescription.124 auricular point prescriptions were selected,and the relevant acupoints in the literature were analyzed,including 10 acupoints with frequency of use≥18,15 acupoint combinations with frequency≥40,12 acupoint combinations with association rules,6 core acupoint combinations,and 3 new prescriptions.The core points include Qihai(RN6),Sanyinjiao(SP6),Zhongji(RN3),Guanyuan(RN4).The auricular point therapy is more to select the tenderness points and acupoints that have an impact on the urinary system,mainly including“Pangguang”(CO9),“Shenmen”(TF4),“Shen”(CO10),“Sanjiao”(CO17),“Pizhixia”(AT4),“Niaodao”(HX3),“Fei”(CO14),“Jiaogan”(AH6a).Conclusion:Moxibustion for the treatment of urinary retention is mainly based on invigorating“Primordial Qi”and regulating the functions of“Middle Jiao”(refers to the area of the body just below the diaphragm and above the navel that helps produce delicate nutrients).The entropic clustering of complex systems excavated new prescriptions for the treatment of urinary retention after anorectal surgery,providing new ideas for future research and treatment.

STUDY ON RULE OF THE BOILING POINTS OF 1-HALOALKANES

There are many reports on the study of boiling point of paraffins, but less work has been done about those of alkylhalides. Recently, J.Correia

Optimization of Intraday Trading Strategy Based on ACD Rules and Pivot Point System in Chinese Market

Various trading strategies are applied in intraday high-frequency market to provide investors with reference signals to be on the right side of market at the right time. In this paper, we apply a trading strategy based on the combination of ACD rules and pivot points system, which is first proposed by Mark B. Fisher, into Chinese market. This strategy has been used by millions of traders to achieve substantial profits in the last two decades, however, discussions concerning on the methods of calculating specific entry point in this trading strategy are rare, which is crucial to this strategy. We suggest an improvement to this popular strategy, providing the calculating and optimizing methods in detail to verify its effectiveness in recent Chinese futures market. Because of the high liquidity and low commissions in stock index futures market, this trading strategy achieves substantial profits .However, given the less liquidity in commodity futures market, profits decrease and even be neutralized by the relatively high commissions.

Interaction Rule between Rare Earths and LowMelting Point Elements in Fe-,Cu-,AI-,Ni-Base Liquid Solutions

Interaction rule between representative RE and Sn, Sb, Pb, Cu, S, P low melting point elements respectively in Fe , Cu , Al , Ni base liquid solutions including totally 34 ternary and quarternary systems was investigated. For each system some thermodynamic properties were obtained, such as the standard free energies of equilibrium reactions, activity interaction coefficients etc ..

Selection rules for electric multipole transition of triatomic molecule in scattering experiments

In the electron or x-ray scattering experiment,the measured spectra at larger momentum transfer are dominated by the electric dipole-forbidden transitions,while the corresponding selection rules for triatomic molecules have not been clearly elucidated.In this work,based on the molecular point group,the selection rules for the electric multipolarities of the electronic transitions of triatomic molecules are derived and summarized into several tables with the variation of molecular geometry in the transition process being considered.Based on the summarized selection rules,the electron energy loss spectra of H2O,CO2,and N2O are identified,and the momentum transfer dependence behaviors of their valence-shell excitations are explained.

Selection rules for electric multipole transition of diatomic molecule in scattering experiments

The knowledge of the energy level structures of atoms and molecules is mainly obtained by spectroscopic experiments. Both photoabsorption and photoemission spectra are subject to the electric dipole selection rules （also known as optical selection rules）. However, the selection rules for atoms and molecules in the scattering experiments are not identical to those in the optical experiments. In this paper, based on the theory of the molecular point group, the selection rules are derived and summarized for the electric monopole, electric dipole, electric quadrupole, and electric octupole transitions of diatomic molecules under the first Born approximation in scattering experiments. Then based on the derived selection rules, the electron scattering spectra and x-ray scattering spectra of H2, N2, and CO at different momentum transfers are explained, and the discrepancies between the previous experimental results measured by different groups are elucidated.

Adaptive “Cubature and Sigma Points” Kalman Filtering Applied to MEMS IMU/GNSS Data Fusion during Measurement Outlier

In this paper, adaptive sensor fusion INS/GNSS is proposed to solve specific problem of non linear time variant state space estimation with measurement outliers, different algorithms are used to solve this specific problem generally occurs in intentional and non-intentional interferences caused by other radio navigation sources, or by the GNSS receiver’s deterioration. Non linear approximation techniques such as Extended Kalman filter EKF, Sigma Point Kalman Filters such as UKF and CDKF are computed to estimate the navigation states for UAV flight control. Several comparisons are conduced and analyzed in order to compare the accuracy and the convergence of different approaches usually applied in navigation data fusion purposes. The last non linear filter algorithm developed is the Cubature Kalman Filter CKF which provides more accurate estimation with more stability in Tracking data fusion application. In this work, CKF is compared with SPKF and EKF in ideal conditions and during GNSS outliers supposed to occur during specific interval of time, innovation based adaptive approach is selected and used to modify the covariance calculation of the non linear filters performed in this paper. Interesting results are observed, discussed with real perspectives in navigation data fusion for real time applications. Three parallel modified algorithms are simulated and compared to non-adaptive forms according to Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) criteria.

基于规则判别的末端配送停留点识别与出行链特征

响应需求的末端配送方案可显著提升顾客满意度,识别并提取末端配送快递三轮车配送停留点特征是分析配送时空分布和动态需求的基础。因此,本文提出结合兴趣点(POI)与停留时长规则的停留点识别方法。首先,利用POI信息和瞬时速度初步筛选快递三轮车轨迹数据;然后,引入停留时长阈值作为二次筛选条件;最后,合并临近的聚集点,形成完整的停留点集。采用人工校验识别结果的准确性,并借助熵率法计算停留链的熵率,量化评估不同识别方法的精确度。以苏州市顺丰速运快递网点的快递三轮车配送轨迹数据为实证对象,将所提出的方法与货运卡车停留点识别中常用的基于密度的聚类算法(Density-Based Spatial Clustering of Applications with Noise,DBSCAN)进行对比分析。结果表明,DBSCAN算法易将交通信号灯等待误判为配送停留点,而本文所提出的方法则有效规避了该问题,实现高达98%的精确率和召回率;同时,熵率法的应用进一步验证了所提方法在准确率上的有效性。在此基础上,扩大研究范围并识别配送停留点后,分析快递三轮车的出行链与配送时空分布特征。结果表明,8:00左右的高峰期配送车辆数显著多于16:00左右的高峰期;住宅区为配送热点,车辆数最多,且出行距离和工作时长最长;酒店类配送呈现停留时长较短的特点;此外,停留点空间分布亦揭示了部分配送距离偏远的情况。

“三治融合”视域下乡村“积分制”治理运行机制研究——基于四川省Y村的个案研究

“三治融合”是宏观层面对乡村治理的政策指引,乡村“积分制”治理正是“三治融合”理念的应用。文章以“三治融合”理念为视角,基于治理组织、治理工具、治理目标三个维度构成的治理逻辑,分析论证“三治融合”理念和乡村“积分制”治理运作机理的同一性;依据治理逻辑和运作机理,构建由起始动力机制、协调助力机制和激励保障机制形成的乡村“积分制”治理实践运行机制;通过把握乡村“积分制”治理实践运行机制,提出从构建多元治理主体协同参与的共建共治格局、运用制度和技术工具、建立因地制宜的积分评价考核机制和激励政策等方面优化完善乡村“积分制”治理,以期推动乡村治理方式的创新化发展。

基于数据挖掘探析针药结合治疗哮喘的临床优势与针灸选穴规律

目的系统梳理针药结合治疗哮喘的临床研究文献,利用数据挖掘探讨其潜在的临床优势与针灸选穴规律。方法检索收录在中国知网、维普资讯中文期刊服务平台、万方数据知识服务平台、中国生物医学文献数据库及PubMed、Web of Science、Embase、Scoups等数据库中的近20年临床研究文献,建立“针药结合治疗哮喘数据库”,运用频数统计及SPSS Modeler 18.0、Gephi0.10.1软件进行文献挖掘分析。结果①针刺优势以靶器官功能与多项血生化指标(免疫功能指标、血清炎症因子)的调节为主;中药优势为能进一步增强肺通气功能;针刺与中药联合应用可显著提高哮喘患者临床疗效。②针刺治疗哮喘重要程度排名前5位的腧穴依次为肺俞、定喘、足三里、肾俞、膻中,关联规则分析显示定喘-肺俞支持度最高,其次为脾俞-肺俞;足太阳膀胱经与手太阴肺经为常用经脉。③体现针刺优势的腧穴处方重视局部选穴,循经选穴,上下配穴。结论针药结合治疗哮喘是提高疗效的主要原因,其临床优势在于局部与整体兼顾,“标本同治,从肺论治,局部选穴,远近配穴”的临床取穴规律是针刺优势的体现之一,这为针药结合的科学应用提供了新思路。

针刺治疗坐骨神经痛的选穴原则及作用机制研究进展

坐骨神经痛为一种临床常见的疾病。研究表明针刺可明显缓解患者坐骨神经痛,提高患者生活质量。本研究从临床角度阐述了针刺治疗坐骨神经痛的中医传统理论选穴原则及现代医学理论选穴原则;从动物实验角度总结了坐骨神经痛产生的原因及针刺镇痛的机制。同时,探讨了目前临床及基础研究中存在的不足。以期为针刺治疗坐骨神经痛的客观化研究提供创新性思维,并对针刺治疗坐骨神经痛的基础研究到临床成果转化提供有力支持。

配电网柔性度对分布式发电消纳的影响规律和机理分析

电力电子柔性化和分布式发电(DG)消纳是配电网研究的2个热点问题,揭示了配电网柔性度对DG消纳的影响规律和机理。首先,介绍了配电网柔性度的概念,并改进了柔性度的定义。然后,以典型接线模式和IEEE RBTS-Bus4扩展算例为研究对象,观察随柔性度升高时DG消纳率的变化,并分析规律和机理。研究发现,配电网柔性化并非都能提升DG消纳,存在一个起效条件:智能软开关(soft open point,SOP)某一侧馈线存在DG相对负荷的盈余,同时另一侧存在DG缺额。然而满足起效条件后,消纳率和柔性度之间的规律性仍未显现。提出分析消纳提升限制条件和按SOP安装次序观察的2种方法,发现了隐藏的规律:当存在消纳提升可用空间且无SOP容量限制下,或者同一SOP安装次序下,柔性度和消纳率才具有正相关关系。发现的规律机理为指导配电网的柔性化发展和DG消纳提供了新的理论依据。

基于数据挖掘技术探究针刺治疗小脑共济失调的选穴规律

【目的】应用数据挖掘技术探究针刺治疗小脑共济失调的选穴规律。【方法】以针刺治疗小脑共济失调的相关文献为检索内容,计算机检索中国知网期刊全文数据库(CNKI)、中国生物医学文献数据库(SinoMed)、万方学术期刊全文数据库(Wanfang)、维普中文科技期刊数据库(VIP)、美国生物医学信息检索系统(PubMed)等各大数据库。将文献中符合条件的腧穴录入Microsoft Excel 2021软件表格内,建立针刺治疗小脑共济失调的腧穴频次频率、归经、特定穴、分布部位等信息的数据库。采用SPSS Modeler 18.0 Apriori算法、SPSS Statistics 25.0及SPSS modeler 18.0 Web复杂网络对纳入的处方腧穴进行关联规则分析、Ward聚类分析并绘制树状图及高频腧穴与核心处方的Web网络图。【结果】(1)共收录文献93篇,其中,针刺处方117条,穴位172个,穴位使用总频次1199次;(2)腧穴使用频数位居前10位的分别是风池、足三里、合谷、百会、三阴交、太冲、曲池、阳陵泉、完骨、天柱;(3)使用频数位于前5位的经脉分别是足少阳胆经、督脉、足阳明胃经、手阳明大肠经、足太阳膀胱经;(4)腧穴使用部位选择主要以头面颈项部及下肢部为主;(5)特定穴的使用频数最高的是交会穴;(6)针刺治疗小脑共济失调的高频穴位是风池-完骨、风池-天柱和风池-天柱-完骨。前31位高频腧穴(频率>10次)可分为9个有效聚类群。【结论】针刺治疗小脑共济失调形成了以“调神束骨,熄风止动”为主要治则,以远近配穴为主体的配伍规律,并重视多气多血之阳经的应用,呈现以风池-完骨-天柱为核心的基础穴位处方。

基于数据挖掘技术探究针灸治疗儿童抽动障碍的选穴规律

【目的】采用数据挖掘技术分析针灸治疗儿童抽动障碍的选穴规律。【方法】计算机检索自1992年1月至2022年12月中国期刊全文数据库(CNKI)、万方数据知识服务平台(Wanfang)、维普资讯中文期刊服务平台(VIP)、中国生物医学文献数据库(SinoMed)及PubMed数据库收录的针灸治疗儿童抽动障碍的临床研究文献。通过Excel 2019建立数据库,统计常用治疗方法,并对高频应用方法针刺(高频腧穴、腧穴归经、腧穴关联规则、腧穴聚类)、耳穴压豆(高频耳穴、穴位关联规则)、头穴丛刺高频分区进行分析。【结果】共纳入有效文献190篇,涉及270条针刺处方;其中针刺法腧穴统计184个,应用总频次1906次,高频应用腧穴依次为百会、太冲、风池、合谷、三阴交、内关、神门、足三里、印堂、四神聪;高频经脉为督脉、足阳明胃经、足少阳胆经、手阳明大肠经、足太阳膀胱经、足厥阴肝经;通过SPSS modeler 18.0及IBM SPSS Statistics 26.0软件分析得出3组穴位强关联规则和5个聚类。耳穴压豆穴位29个,应用总频次206次,高频应用耳穴依次为神门、肝、心、皮质下、肾;通过SPSS modeler 18.0软件分析得出4组穴位强关联规则。应用头穴丛刺分区共涉及14区,其中高频分区为顶颞前斜线、顶旁1线、舞蹈震颤控制区。【结论】针刺治疗儿童抽动障碍,以其病机(肝亢、肾亏、脾虚、痰扰等)及抽动部位,进行选穴配伍,多选用阳经经穴,这与风邪的性质及其治病特点相关。儿童抽动障碍与情志障碍息息相关,故针刺、耳穴均重视疏肝、清心之法,调畅情志。头穴丛刺多采用顶颞前斜线、顶旁1线、舞蹈震颤控制区进行抽动障碍的治疗。耳穴压豆与头穴丛刺,对于儿童来说,痛苦小,治法作用时间长,不易出现弯针、断针等危险情况。

基于深度学习算法的学科试卷知识点关联结构研究

机器学习可帮助教师挖掘试卷中知识点之间的关系,检测学生知识点掌握情况,为评价反馈提供支持。使用深度学习Apriori算法,通过模拟研究和实证研究,针对具有不同知识点结构的试卷进行挖掘分析。模拟研究发现:Apriori算法能针对知识点属性复杂的试题进行知识点间关联规则的挖掘,准确率较高;随着样本量的增加,挖掘的准确率增加。实证研究发现:Apriori算法可对中小学的语文、数学、小学科学、中学物理等学科的试卷进行知识点间关联规则挖掘,但学科间挖掘结果有差异。经过粒度优化、删除基础知识点后,Apriori算法可较好挖掘中小学语文、数学剩余知识点间的关联关系,但对跨学科的知识点关系挖掘有待提升。

激光点云特征与知识规则协同的车道线提取

实现车道线高效的检测提取是自动驾驶领域中亟待攻克的关键技术之一,众多基于视觉方案的检测算法由于图像数据的特点存在一定局限性,如天气光照影响成像质量、难以兼顾弯道直道等。本文结合三维激光点云优势与道路知识规则提出了一种车道线自动提取算法。首先,通过多次强化道路边界高程差异获取路面点;其次,简化Isodata算法,自适应地得到反射强度滤波阈值;然后采用随机一致性算法检测直线聚类得到候选车道,将候选车道映射成二维矢量并通过类间距约束提取正确车道线;最后,基于相邻关键特征点对的向量拓扑关系一致性实现车道线拓扑重构,得到对应现实世界中意义完整的车道线。算法在车道线达5~6条的情况下,召回率达92.46%,准确率达94.79%,综合评价指标达92.41%,实验结果证明了方法的有效性和可行性。