A fluorescence polarization immunoassay （FPIA） was developed for the analysis ofaflatoxins （AFs） using an anti-aflatoxin B1 （AFB1） monoclonal antibody and a novel fluorescein-labeled AFB1 tracer. The FPIA showed...A fluorescence polarization immunoassay （FPIA） was developed for the analysis ofaflatoxins （AFs） using an anti-aflatoxin B1 （AFB1） monoclonal antibody and a novel fluorescein-labeled AFB1 tracer. The FPIA showed an IC50 value of 23.33 ng/mL with a limit of detection of 13.12 ng/mL for AFB1. The cross-reactivities of AFB1, AFB2, AFG1, AFG2, AFM1, and AFM2 with the antibody were 100%, 65.7%, 143%, 23.5%, 111.4%, and 2%, respectively. The group-specificity of anti-AFB1mAb indicated that the FPIA could potentially be used in a screening method for the detection of total AFs, albeit not AFG2 and AFM2. The total time required for analyzing 96 samples in one microplate was less than 5 rain. This study demonstrates the potential usefulness of the FPIA as a rapid and simple technique for monitoring AFs.展开更多
Polar auxin transport (PAT) is critical in plant growth and development, especially polar differentiation and pattern formation. Lots of studies have been performed in dicots while relative less in monocots. Using two...Polar auxin transport (PAT) is critical in plant growth and development, especially polar differentiation and pattern formation. Lots of studies have been performed in dicots while relative less in monocots. Using two kinds of PAT inhibitors, 2, 3, 5-triiodobenzoic acid (TIBA) and 9-hydroxyfluorene-9-carboxylic acid (HFCA), it was shown that PAT is important for rice (Oryza sativa L. cv. Zhonghua 11) root development, including elongation of the primary roots, initiation and elongation of lateral roots, and formation of adventitious roots. Inhibition of PAT resulted in the shortened primary roots, less and shortened lateral and adventitious roots. Exogenously supplemented NAA can partially rescue the formation of adventitious roots but not lateral roots, while low concentration of NAA (0.1 mumol/L) could not rescue either of them, suggesting the possible different mechanisms of lateral and adventitious root initiations. Treatment of 30 mumol/L TIBA did not completely inhibit the initiation of lateral roots, and survival capacities of which were demonstrated through cross section experiments revealing the presence of primordial of lateral roots at different stages. Further studies through localized application of PAT inhibitors indicated that auxin flow, transported from coleoptiles to the base, is not only responsible for the auxin contents in stem nodes but also critical for initiation and elongation of adventitious roots.展开更多
Polar microorganism resource development can be accomplished as long as its inherent characteristics,that is,biota quantity,diversity,and low temperature adaptability,as well as market demands and product feasibility,...Polar microorganism resource development can be accomplished as long as its inherent characteristics,that is,biota quantity,diversity,and low temperature adaptability,as well as market demands and product feasibility,are considered.*1 Characteristics of polar microorganisms Most importantly,the quantity and diversity of terrestrial and aquatic microorganisms in the polar regions is abundant(Abakumov and Mukhametova,2014),and species quantity and diversity in eutrophic polar areas can even become comparable to that in temperate climate regions(Hoovera and Pikutab,2010).This large,diverse polar region microbial biomass can become the basis for the development of novel resources.展开更多
Around the Kunlun Peak there are many huge and broad mountains lifting above the Equilibrium Line altitade (ELA), forming the largest glacier distribution centre in China. Here the ELA is very high and the glacier exi...Around the Kunlun Peak there are many huge and broad mountains lifting above the Equilibrium Line altitade (ELA), forming the largest glacier distribution centre in China. Here the ELA is very high and the glacier existence is attributed to the unfavorableness of ablation, not the favorablenesses of accumulation. In the ablation period strong evaporation-sublimation and conduction expend a large amount of heat. restraining melting. In addition, meltwater is easy to refreeze. forming superimposed ice and then reducing mass loss. Low air temperature causes low ablation rate and short ablation period. Arid and cold climate is favorable to glacier development. comparable to the polar regions. Nonuniform precipitation decreases heat income during the ablation period and increases heat loss in winter. also resulting in restraining ablation.展开更多
A compact linearly polarized, low-noise, narrow-linewidth, single-frequency fiber laser at 1950nm is demonstrated. This compact fiber laser is based on a 21-mm-long homemade Tm3＋-doped germanate glass fiber. Over 100...A compact linearly polarized, low-noise, narrow-linewidth, single-frequency fiber laser at 1950nm is demonstrated. This compact fiber laser is based on a 21-mm-long homemade Tm3＋-doped germanate glass fiber. Over 100-mW stable continuous-wave single transverse and longitudinal mode lasing at 195Ohm are achieved. The measured relative intensity noise is less than -135dB/Hz at frequencies over 5 MHz. The signal-to-noise ratio of the laser is larger than 72dB, and the laser linewidth is less than 6kHz, while the obtained linear polarization extinction ratio is higher than 22 dB.展开更多
Spatial perspectives were applied to examine the processes of growth and development in rural settlements affected by tourism.Based on field surveys and GIS spatial analysis methods, we studied the spatial evolution o...Spatial perspectives were applied to examine the processes of growth and development in rural settlements affected by tourism.Based on field surveys and GIS spatial analysis methods, we studied the spatial evolution of two villages(Jiaojiekou and Gougezhuang) in the Yesanpo tourist area over the last 25 years.The results revealed a polarization trend,with Jiaojiekou becoming a ‘hollowed' village and Gougezhuang developing into a ‘new-type' tourist town.This polarization indicates the unsustainability of rural development in tourist destinations, which is manifested by the following features: only some villages benefit from the development of tourism;there is simultaneously a shortage of land in tourist villages and a wastage of land in traditional villages;and the function of the villages is deficient.Nevertheless, the spillover of the effects of tourism may provide an opportunity for the development of traditional villages.To better utilize this opportunity,we propose that:(1) integrated rural tourism management should be developed to explore effective methods of promoting tourism as part of a rural development strategy;(2) different land use policies are required for different villages; and(3) the balance between government regulation and community participation should be emphasized.展开更多
An alteration in plant phenotypes assisted by their responses to the environmental stimuli (=tropism) has been fundamental to understand the “plant sensitivity ” that plays a crucial role in plants’ adaptive succes...An alteration in plant phenotypes assisted by their responses to the environmental stimuli (=tropism) has been fundamental to understand the “plant sensitivity ” that plays a crucial role in plants’ adaptive success. Plants succeed through the deployment of moderators controlling polar auxin-transport determining organ bending. Stimulus-specific effectors can be synthesized by the outer peripheral cells at the bending sites where they target highly conserved cellular processes and potentially persuade the plant sensitivity at large. Remarkably, the peripheral cells require different time-intervals to achieve the threshold expression-levels of stimulus-specific molecular responders. After stimulus perception, tropic curvatures (especially at growing root-apices) are duly coordinated via integrated chemical and electrical signalling which is the key to cellular communications. Thus, the acquired phenotypic alterations are the perplexed outcome of plant’s developmental pace, complemented by the sensitivity. A novel aspect of this study is to advance our understanding of plant developmental-programming and the extent of plant-sensitivity, determining the plant growth and their future applications.展开更多
This paper presents the networking observation capabilities of Chinese ocean satellites and their diverse applications in ocean disaster prevention,ecological monitoring,and resource development.Since the inaugural la...This paper presents the networking observation capabilities of Chinese ocean satellites and their diverse applications in ocean disaster prevention,ecological monitoring,and resource development.Since the inaugural launch in 2002,China has achieved substantial advancements in ocean satellite technology,forming an observation system composed of the HY-1,HY-2,and HY-3 series satellites.These satellites are integral to global ocean environmental monitoring due to their high resolution,extensive coverage,and frequent observations.Looking forward,China aims to further enhance and expand its ocean satellite capabilities through ongoing projects to support global environmental protection and sustainable development.展开更多
Leaf morphogenesis requires the establishment of adaxlal-abaxlal polarity after primordium initiation from the snoot apical meristem （SAM）. Several families of transcription factors are known to play critical roles ...Leaf morphogenesis requires the establishment of adaxlal-abaxlal polarity after primordium initiation from the snoot apical meristem （SAM）. Several families of transcription factors are known to play critical roles in promoting adaxial or abaxial leaf fate. Recently, post-transcriptional gene silencing pathways have been shown to regulate the establishment of leaf polarity, providing novel and exciting insights into leaf development. For example, microRNAs （miR 165/166） and a trans-acting siRNA （TAS3-derived tasiR-ARF） have been shown to repress the expression of several key transcription factor genes. In addition, yet another level of regulation, post-translational regulation, has been revealed recently by studies on the role of the 26S proteasome in leaf polarity. Although our understanding regarding the molecular mecha- nisms underlying establishment of adaxial-abaxial polarity has greatly improved, there is still much that remains elusive. This review aims to discuss recent progress, as well as the remaining questions, regarding the molecular mechanisms underlying leaf polarity formation.展开更多
The importance of polar ice as vital components of the global ocean-climate system is widely recognized.In this paper,we demonstrate the importance and urgency of polar research,describe the primary characteristics of...The importance of polar ice as vital components of the global ocean-climate system is widely recognized.In this paper,we demonstrate the importance and urgency of polar research,describe the primary characteristics of sea ice and ice shelves,and outline the current status and difficulties associated with sub-ice research.We highlight the importance of Unmanned Underwater Vehicles(UUVs)as important tools for oceanographic research.We present recent progress in UUV deployment in sub-ice research in the Arctic and the Antarctic,and review the latest international developments in UUV structure,navigation,payload,and field operation.Moreover,Chinese polar UUVs and their deployments in the polar regions are presented in detail.Key technologies and solutions regarding polar application of UUVs(e.g.,sub-ice navigation and positioning,energy supply and data transmission,and sub-ice guidance and recovery)are discussed.Given the current worldwide attention on polar science,the potential future directions of UUV-related polar research(e.g.,observations under Antarctic ice shelves,long-range surveys beneath Arctic sea ice and application of intelligent technology)are discussed.展开更多
Since Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is strongly associated with chromosomal abnormalities of 16p11.2, and Autism has been linked to neuronal polarity defect, our study aimed to explore the role of 16p11.2 genes in re...Since Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is strongly associated with chromosomal abnormalities of 16p11.2, and Autism has been linked to neuronal polarity defect, our study aimed to explore the role of 16p11.2 genes in regulating neuronal polarity. We performed a neuronal polarity assay in a high throughput manner for candidate genes at 16p11.2. Our most interesting finding was that three 16p11.2 candidate genes, DOC2a, Tbx-6 and KIF 22, affected neuronal polarity. Our research, for the first time, indicates a novel association between 16p11.2 and neuronal polarity. Our results support the hypothesis that 16p11.2 is required for neuronal polarity. Our research provides new important insights into molecular mechanisms underlying the tight association between 16p11.2 and several neural developmental disorders, including autism, epilepsy, mental retardation and schizophrenia.展开更多
The Polar Regions play an important role in the global processes of our planet, from climate change to sea level rise, protection from UV （ultraviolet） radiation to uptake of carbon dioxide. In addition, their scien...The Polar Regions play an important role in the global processes of our planet, from climate change to sea level rise, protection from UV （ultraviolet） radiation to uptake of carbon dioxide. In addition, their scientific importance, extraordinary beauty and adventurous history provide perfect ingredients for both education and public outreach.Polar examples provide an excellent way to transmit basic concepts about a wide range of STEM （science, technology, engineering and mathematics） disciplines. The IPY （International Polar Year） brought educators and scientists together and provided the incentive for the formation of the PEI （Polar Educators International）, an organization encouraging the exchange of ideas between educators and researchers and enhancement of the profile of polar education on the international scene. Educators must be adequately informed about current scientific polar research and have the confidenceto teach it to students. Scientists have the knowledge and data to explain these complexities, but may lack the communication skills to make the subject accessible to non-technical audiences. The development of this new network between polar educators and scientists has the potential to break down walls that restrict international collaboration and understanding, provide educators with topical and reliable information and share best practices internationally in an effective way.展开更多
基金supported by grants from the International Science&Technology Cooperation Program of China(2009DFA32330)the Special Fund for Agro-scientific Research in the Public Interest(No.201203040)
文摘A fluorescence polarization immunoassay （FPIA） was developed for the analysis ofaflatoxins （AFs） using an anti-aflatoxin B1 （AFB1） monoclonal antibody and a novel fluorescein-labeled AFB1 tracer. The FPIA showed an IC50 value of 23.33 ng/mL with a limit of detection of 13.12 ng/mL for AFB1. The cross-reactivities of AFB1, AFB2, AFG1, AFG2, AFM1, and AFM2 with the antibody were 100%, 65.7%, 143%, 23.5%, 111.4%, and 2%, respectively. The group-specificity of anti-AFB1mAb indicated that the FPIA could potentially be used in a screening method for the detection of total AFs, albeit not AFG2 and AFM2. The total time required for analyzing 96 samples in one microplate was less than 5 rain. This study demonstrates the potential usefulness of the FPIA as a rapid and simple technique for monitoring AFs.
文摘Polar auxin transport (PAT) is critical in plant growth and development, especially polar differentiation and pattern formation. Lots of studies have been performed in dicots while relative less in monocots. Using two kinds of PAT inhibitors, 2, 3, 5-triiodobenzoic acid (TIBA) and 9-hydroxyfluorene-9-carboxylic acid (HFCA), it was shown that PAT is important for rice (Oryza sativa L. cv. Zhonghua 11) root development, including elongation of the primary roots, initiation and elongation of lateral roots, and formation of adventitious roots. Inhibition of PAT resulted in the shortened primary roots, less and shortened lateral and adventitious roots. Exogenously supplemented NAA can partially rescue the formation of adventitious roots but not lateral roots, while low concentration of NAA (0.1 mumol/L) could not rescue either of them, suggesting the possible different mechanisms of lateral and adventitious root initiations. Treatment of 30 mumol/L TIBA did not completely inhibit the initiation of lateral roots, and survival capacities of which were demonstrated through cross section experiments revealing the presence of primordial of lateral roots at different stages. Further studies through localized application of PAT inhibitors indicated that auxin flow, transported from coleoptiles to the base, is not only responsible for the auxin contents in stem nodes but also critical for initiation and elongation of adventitious roots.
文摘Polar microorganism resource development can be accomplished as long as its inherent characteristics,that is,biota quantity,diversity,and low temperature adaptability,as well as market demands and product feasibility,are considered.*1 Characteristics of polar microorganisms Most importantly,the quantity and diversity of terrestrial and aquatic microorganisms in the polar regions is abundant(Abakumov and Mukhametova,2014),and species quantity and diversity in eutrophic polar areas can even become comparable to that in temperate climate regions(Hoovera and Pikutab,2010).This large,diverse polar region microbial biomass can become the basis for the development of novel resources.
文摘Around the Kunlun Peak there are many huge and broad mountains lifting above the Equilibrium Line altitade (ELA), forming the largest glacier distribution centre in China. Here the ELA is very high and the glacier existence is attributed to the unfavorableness of ablation, not the favorablenesses of accumulation. In the ablation period strong evaporation-sublimation and conduction expend a large amount of heat. restraining melting. In addition, meltwater is easy to refreeze. forming superimposed ice and then reducing mass loss. Low air temperature causes low ablation rate and short ablation period. Arid and cold climate is favorable to glacier development. comparable to the polar regions. Nonuniform precipitation decreases heat income during the ablation period and increases heat loss in winter. also resulting in restraining ablation.
基金Supported by the National High-Technology Research and Development Program of China under Grant Nos 2013AA031502 and 2014AA041902the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos 11174085,51132004,and 51302086+3 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province under Grant Nos S2011030001349 and S20120011380the China National Funds for Distinguished Young Scientists under Grant No 61325024the Science and Technology Project of Guangdong Province under Grant No 2013B090500028the ’Cross and Cooperative’ Science and Technology Innovation Team Project of Chinese Academy of Sciences under Grant No 2012-119
文摘A compact linearly polarized, low-noise, narrow-linewidth, single-frequency fiber laser at 1950nm is demonstrated. This compact fiber laser is based on a 21-mm-long homemade Tm3＋-doped germanate glass fiber. Over 100-mW stable continuous-wave single transverse and longitudinal mode lasing at 195Ohm are achieved. The measured relative intensity noise is less than -135dB/Hz at frequencies over 5 MHz. The signal-to-noise ratio of the laser is larger than 72dB, and the laser linewidth is less than 6kHz, while the obtained linear polarization extinction ratio is higher than 22 dB.
基金supported by grants from the National Nature Science Foundation of China(Grant No.40971299)
文摘Spatial perspectives were applied to examine the processes of growth and development in rural settlements affected by tourism.Based on field surveys and GIS spatial analysis methods, we studied the spatial evolution of two villages(Jiaojiekou and Gougezhuang) in the Yesanpo tourist area over the last 25 years.The results revealed a polarization trend,with Jiaojiekou becoming a ‘hollowed' village and Gougezhuang developing into a ‘new-type' tourist town.This polarization indicates the unsustainability of rural development in tourist destinations, which is manifested by the following features: only some villages benefit from the development of tourism;there is simultaneously a shortage of land in tourist villages and a wastage of land in traditional villages;and the function of the villages is deficient.Nevertheless, the spillover of the effects of tourism may provide an opportunity for the development of traditional villages.To better utilize this opportunity,we propose that:(1) integrated rural tourism management should be developed to explore effective methods of promoting tourism as part of a rural development strategy;(2) different land use policies are required for different villages; and(3) the balance between government regulation and community participation should be emphasized.
文摘An alteration in plant phenotypes assisted by their responses to the environmental stimuli (=tropism) has been fundamental to understand the “plant sensitivity ” that plays a crucial role in plants’ adaptive success. Plants succeed through the deployment of moderators controlling polar auxin-transport determining organ bending. Stimulus-specific effectors can be synthesized by the outer peripheral cells at the bending sites where they target highly conserved cellular processes and potentially persuade the plant sensitivity at large. Remarkably, the peripheral cells require different time-intervals to achieve the threshold expression-levels of stimulus-specific molecular responders. After stimulus perception, tropic curvatures (especially at growing root-apices) are duly coordinated via integrated chemical and electrical signalling which is the key to cellular communications. Thus, the acquired phenotypic alterations are the perplexed outcome of plant’s developmental pace, complemented by the sensitivity. A novel aspect of this study is to advance our understanding of plant developmental-programming and the extent of plant-sensitivity, determining the plant growth and their future applications.
基金Supported by Remote Sensing Support for Offshore Ocean Environment and Polar Sea Ice Early Warning Services(102121201550000009004)。
文摘This paper presents the networking observation capabilities of Chinese ocean satellites and their diverse applications in ocean disaster prevention,ecological monitoring,and resource development.Since the inaugural launch in 2002,China has achieved substantial advancements in ocean satellite technology,forming an observation system composed of the HY-1,HY-2,and HY-3 series satellites.These satellites are integral to global ocean environmental monitoring due to their high resolution,extensive coverage,and frequent observations.Looking forward,China aims to further enhance and expand its ocean satellite capabilities through ongoing projects to support global environmental protection and sustainable development.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.30630041,90208009)the Ministry of Science and Technology of China(No.04JC14077)the Shanghai Scientific Committee(No.KSCX2-YW-N-016)to H Huang.
文摘Leaf morphogenesis requires the establishment of adaxlal-abaxlal polarity after primordium initiation from the snoot apical meristem （SAM）. Several families of transcription factors are known to play critical roles in promoting adaxial or abaxial leaf fate. Recently, post-transcriptional gene silencing pathways have been shown to regulate the establishment of leaf polarity, providing novel and exciting insights into leaf development. For example, microRNAs （miR 165/166） and a trans-acting siRNA （TAS3-derived tasiR-ARF） have been shown to repress the expression of several key transcription factor genes. In addition, yet another level of regulation, post-translational regulation, has been revealed recently by studies on the role of the 26S proteasome in leaf polarity. Although our understanding regarding the molecular mecha- nisms underlying establishment of adaxial-abaxial polarity has greatly improved, there is still much that remains elusive. This review aims to discuss recent progress, as well as the remaining questions, regarding the molecular mechanisms underlying leaf polarity formation.
基金supported by the projects of Chinese National Key R&D Program(Chinese National 863 Program,Grant nos.2017YFC0821204,2017YFC0305901)the Marine Science Research Center of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant no.COMS2019Z02).
文摘The importance of polar ice as vital components of the global ocean-climate system is widely recognized.In this paper,we demonstrate the importance and urgency of polar research,describe the primary characteristics of sea ice and ice shelves,and outline the current status and difficulties associated with sub-ice research.We highlight the importance of Unmanned Underwater Vehicles(UUVs)as important tools for oceanographic research.We present recent progress in UUV deployment in sub-ice research in the Arctic and the Antarctic,and review the latest international developments in UUV structure,navigation,payload,and field operation.Moreover,Chinese polar UUVs and their deployments in the polar regions are presented in detail.Key technologies and solutions regarding polar application of UUVs(e.g.,sub-ice navigation and positioning,energy supply and data transmission,and sub-ice guidance and recovery)are discussed.Given the current worldwide attention on polar science,the potential future directions of UUV-related polar research(e.g.,observations under Antarctic ice shelves,long-range surveys beneath Arctic sea ice and application of intelligent technology)are discussed.
文摘Since Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is strongly associated with chromosomal abnormalities of 16p11.2, and Autism has been linked to neuronal polarity defect, our study aimed to explore the role of 16p11.2 genes in regulating neuronal polarity. We performed a neuronal polarity assay in a high throughput manner for candidate genes at 16p11.2. Our most interesting finding was that three 16p11.2 candidate genes, DOC2a, Tbx-6 and KIF 22, affected neuronal polarity. Our research, for the first time, indicates a novel association between 16p11.2 and neuronal polarity. Our results support the hypothesis that 16p11.2 is required for neuronal polarity. Our research provides new important insights into molecular mechanisms underlying the tight association between 16p11.2 and several neural developmental disorders, including autism, epilepsy, mental retardation and schizophrenia.
文摘The Polar Regions play an important role in the global processes of our planet, from climate change to sea level rise, protection from UV （ultraviolet） radiation to uptake of carbon dioxide. In addition, their scientific importance, extraordinary beauty and adventurous history provide perfect ingredients for both education and public outreach.Polar examples provide an excellent way to transmit basic concepts about a wide range of STEM （science, technology, engineering and mathematics） disciplines. The IPY （International Polar Year） brought educators and scientists together and provided the incentive for the formation of the PEI （Polar Educators International）, an organization encouraging the exchange of ideas between educators and researchers and enhancement of the profile of polar education on the international scene. Educators must be adequately informed about current scientific polar research and have the confidenceto teach it to students. Scientists have the knowledge and data to explain these complexities, but may lack the communication skills to make the subject accessible to non-technical audiences. The development of this new network between polar educators and scientists has the potential to break down walls that restrict international collaboration and understanding, provide educators with topical and reliable information and share best practices internationally in an effective way.
