An Ultra-Compact Broadband Polarizing Beam Splitter Utilizing Hybrid Plasmonic Waveguide

Polarizing beam splitter has rather significant applications in polarization diversity circuits and polarization multiplexing systems.In this paper,we present an asymmetric polarizing beam splitter utilizing hybrid plasmonic waveguide.The special hybrid structure with a hybrid waveguide and a dielectric waveguide can limit the energy of TE and TM modes to a different layer.Therefore,we can achieve beam splitting by adjusting the corresponding parameters of the two waveguides.First,we studied the influences of different structure parameters on the real part of the effective mode refractive index of the two waveguides,and obtained a set of parameters that satisfy the condition of strong coupling of TM mode and weak coupling of TE mode.Then,the performance of our proposed polarizing beam splitter is evaluated numerically.The length of the coupling section is only 4.1μm,and the propagation loss of TM and TE modes is 0.0025 d B/μm and 0.0031 d B/μm respectively.Additionally,the extinction ratios of TM and TE modes are 10.62 d B and 12.55 d B,respectively.Particularly,the proposed device has excellent wavelength insensitivity.Over the entire C-band,the fluctuation of the whole normalized output power is less than 0.03.In short,our proposed asymmetric polarizing beam splitter features ultra-compactness,low propagation loss,and broad bandwidth,which would provide promising applications in polarization multiplexing system and polarization diversity circuits relevant to optical interconnection.

Performance measurement of broadband, wide-angle polarizing beam splitter

Polarizing beam splitter (PBS) is a critical optical component in projection display system because PBS performance greatly influences the contrast and brightness of the system. PBS performance is usually measured by spectrophotometer after coating and cementing, but the measured result cannot represent the actual performance in practice because people usually change the incident angle in one plane (horizontal plane) and do not consider the other plane (vertical plane). Geometrical polarization rotation occurring at reduced F-number influences the measuring precision of s-polarization transmittance (Ts) and p-polarization reflectance (Rp). A more accurate and practical way to measure the performance of broadband, wide-angle PBS is presented in this paper.

Design of a photonic crystal fiber polarization beam splitter with simple structure and ultra-wide bandwidth

A novel polarization beam splitter(PBS)based on dual-core photonic crystal fiber(DC-PCF)is proposed in this work.The proposed DC-PCF PBS contains two kinds of lattices and three kinds of air holes to form the asymmetrical elliptic dual-core structure.By using the full-vector finite element method,the propagation characteristics of the proposed DC-PCF PBS are investigated.The simulation results show that the bandwidth of the proposed DC-PCF PBS can reach to 340 nm,which covers the S+C+L+U communication bands,the shortest splitting length is 1.97 mm,and the maximum extinction ratio appears near wavelength 1550 nm.Moreover,the insertion loss of the proposed DC-PCF PBS is very low.It is believed that the proposed DC-PCF PBS has important applications in the field of all-optical communication and network.

Optimal design of sub-wavelength metal rectangular gratings for polarizing beam splitter based on effective medium theory

A novel optimal design of sub-wavelength metal rectangular gratings for the polarizing beam splitter （PBS） is proposed. The method is based on effective medium theory and the method of designing single layer antireflection coating. The polarization performance of PBS is discussed by rigorous couple-wave analysis （RCWA） method at a wavelength of 1550 nm. The result shows that sub-wavelength metal rectangular grating is characterized by a high reflectivity, like metal films for TE polarization, and high transmissivity, like dielectric films for TM polarization. The optimal design accords well with the results simulated by RCWA method.

Broadband non-polarizing beam splitter based on guided mode resonance effect

A broadband non-polarizing beam splitter （NPBS） operating in the telecommunication C＋L band is designed by using the guided mode resonance effect of periodic silicon-on-insulator （SOI） elements. It is shown that this double layer SOI structure can provide ~50/50 beam ratio with the maximum divergences between reflection and transmission being less than 8% over the spectrum of 1.4μm-l.7 μm and i% in the telecommunication band for both TE and TM polarizations. The physical basis of this broadband non-polarizing property is on the simultaneous excitation of the TE and TM strong modulation waveguide modes near the designed spectrum band. Meanwhile, the electric field distributions for both TE and TM polarizations verify the resonant origin of spectrum in the periodic SOI structure. Furthermore, it is demonstrated with our calculations that the beam splitter proposed here is tolerant to the deviations of incident angle and structure parameters, which make it very easy to be fabricated with current IC technology.

Designing of a polarization beam splitter for the wavelength of 1310 nm on dual-core photonic crystal fiber with high birefringence and double-zero dispersion

We have proposed a novel kind of photonic crystal fiber which contains two asymmetric cores. The bireti＇ingence and the dispersion are numerically analyzed based on finite element method when the size of the air holes and the pitch of two adjacent air holes are changed. It is shown that the proposed photonic crystal fiber has high birefringence up to the order of 10-2 and double-zero dispersion points are at the wavelengths of 1310 nm and 800 rim, simultaneously. At the same time, the normalized power and the extinction ratios of the proposed photonic crystal fiber have been simulated. It is demonstrated that, at the wavelength of 1310 rim, the x-polarized mode and the y-polarized mode are separated when the propagation distance is 2.481 ram.

Design of a compact polarization beam splitter based on a deformed photonic crystal directional coupler

In this paper a compact polarization beam splitter based on a deformed photonic crystal directional coupler is designed and simulated. The transverse-electric （TE） guided mode and transverse-magnetic （TM） guided mode are split due to different guiding mechanisms. The effect of the shape deformation of the air holes on the coupler is studied. It discovered that the coupling strength of the coupled waveguldes is strongly enhanced by introducing elliptical airholes, which reduce the device length to less than 18.Sttm. A finite-difference tlme-domain simulation is performed to evaluate the performance of the device, and the extinction ratios for both TE and TM polarized light are higher than 20 dB.

Designing analysis of the polarization beam splitter in two communication bands based on a gold-filled dual-core photonic crystal fiber

We design a novel kind of polarization beam splitter based on a gold-filled dual-core photonic crystal fiber （DC-PCF）. Owing to filling with two gold wires in this DC-PCF, its coupling characteristics can be changed greatly by the second-order surface plasmon polariton （SPP） and the resonant coupling between the surface plasmon modes and the fiber-core guided modes can enhance the directional power transfer in the two fiber-cores. Numerical results by using the finite element method show the extinction ratio at the wavethlengths of 1.327 μm and 1.55 μm can reach -58 dB and -60 dB and the bandwidths as the extinction ratio better than -12 dB are about 54 nm and 47 nm, respectively. Compared with the gold-unfilled DC-PCF, a 1.746-mm-long gold-filled DC-PCF is better applied to the polarization beam splitter in the two communication bands of λ = 1.327 μm and 1.55 μm.

Ultra-thin anisotropic transmitting metasurface for polarization beam splitter application

We report a polarization beam splitter based on phase gradient metasurface for microwave frequency region.The metasurface is constructed by anisotropic cells with independent phase response for differently-polarized waves.Through putting different gradient phases for orthogonally-polarized waves on a focusing metasurface,the anisotropic sample has the ability to enhance gain and split orthogonally-polarized waves.The simulation results indicate that the incident spherical waves are converted into plane waves and split into an x-polarized wave with a refraction angle of-24° and a ypolarized wave with a refraction angle of 37.6° in the y direction.For verification,a metasurface sample with a size of 102.5 mm x 102.5 mm is fabricated and measured.The consistence between numerical and experimental results validates the improved gain of 10.5-dB against the feed source and the splitting effect.Moreover,the thickness of the proposed metasurface is 3 mm which is ultra-thin against the wavelength at 15 GHz.The proposed prescription opens a new route to the applications of anisotropic metasurface in microwave band.

Terahertz Wave Polarization Beam Splitter Using Asymmetrical Coupler

This study has proposed and numerically demonstrated a compact terahertz wave polarization beam splitter. The splitter is built by using a asymmetrical directional coupler consisting of a bend waveguide and a slot bend waveguides and achieves a high extinction ratio of 24.88 dB and 16.55 dB for cross and through ports. The optimal coupling region length is found to be 26 ttm. By using such a polarization beam splitter, the size of the terahertz wave system could he reduced significantly. The simulation results show that the designed polarization beam splitter can split TE- and TM-polarized terahertz wave into different propagation directions with high efficiency over the terahertz wave frequency range from 9.40 THz to 9.65 THz. The device obtained is readily used for a polarization diversity terahertz wave integrated circuit field, particularly for platforms with slot waveguide.

Ultra-thin two-dimensional transmissive anisotropic metasurfaces for polarization filter and beam steering application

We propose an anisotropic planar transmitting metasurface, which has the ability to manipulate orthogonally-polarized electromagnetic waves in the reflection and refraction modes respectively. The metasurface is composed of four layered rectangular patches spaced by three layered dielectric isolators each with a thickness of 0.15λ0 at 15 GHz. By tailoring the sizes of the patches, the metasurface functions as a band-stop filter for the y-polarzied wave and a band-pass filter for the x-polarized wave operating from 14 GHz to 16 GHz. Moreover the phases of the transmitting x-polarized wave can be modulated at about 15 GHz, which contributes to beam steering according to the general refraction law. Experimental results are in good accordance with the simulated ones, in which the reflection efficiency is almost 100% while the transmission efficiency of the x-polarized wave reaches 80% at 15 GHz. Besides, the transmitted x-polarized wave is effectively manipulated from 14 GHz to 16 GHz.

LCOS投影PBS分束器膜系设计

给出了一种全新的膜系设计方法,该方法与目前常用的偏振分束器PBS分光镜所采用的多组膜堆周期膜系的设计方法有着本质上的区别。全新的PBS膜系的设计引入一种有序对偶递变方法,它是基于周期性有序地变换成递变非周期性设计,目的是扰动针对45°入射布鲁斯特角的敏感。采用了两种折射率材料光学厚度的递变,在SF75系列玻璃棱镜内部入射光能满足45°角±(5°～6°)变化、P偏振态的透射率平均不低于70%、S偏振态的反射率不高于99.6%的光学特征指标,而且偏振截止带的带宽可以扩展到400nm～700nm。简化了工艺难度,大幅度缩减镀膜时间,降低了投影显示器件制造成本,并提高了光学特征指标。

低偏振超宽光谱分色膜设计与制备

可见/红外超宽光谱分色片是星载中分辨率光谱成像仪Ⅲ型光学系统中的重要光学薄膜器件。利用诱导透射原理,采用金属-介质膜系结构加非对称等效导纳匹配层,实现了45°入射时0.4~1.05μm光谱高效透射,1.35~13μm波段光谱高效反射,从而将入射光束分配到不同的光路。同时通过消偏振控制设计,获得了可见近红外波段低偏振灵敏度(LPS)。所研制的分色片可见近红外波段平均透射率大于85%,LPS小于4%;短波及长波红外波段平均反射率大于90%。

基于分束器的光学偏振保真传输

光的偏振作为光的基本禀性之一,在光信号获取分析应用中至关重要.光学分束器作为搭建探测光路/光学系统的常规元件,其对光偏振信息的保真传输效果会极大地影响整个探测系统的偏振检测能力.通过光学透反射理论分析,基于光学分束器设计出了同时满足反射保偏和透射保偏功能的光路.实验证明该光路的偏振保真度高达95%以上.此光路设计方案具有成本低、调节灵活、功能性强等特点,为偏振光的分析和应用提供了更多的可能性.

基于亚波长光栅辅助定向耦合器的集成铌酸锂偏振分束器

绝缘体上铌酸锂(LNOI)是实现高速光子集成回路(PICs)的理想平台。通过充分利用铌酸锂(LN)的优势,LNOI平台能够实现高速电光和高效非线性光学集成器件。偏振分束器(PBS)作为分离和组合两种正交偏振光模式的关键无源器件之一,在实现片上偏振复用系统并提升光通信系统数据传输容量方面发挥着至关重要的作用。近年来,基于不同结构的PBS已经被成功实现,其中,基于亚波长光栅辅助定向耦合结构的PBS表现出优异的器件性能和紧凑的器件尺寸。本文基于氮化硅-铌酸锂异质集成的间接刻蚀方案,实现了一种亚波长光栅辅助定向耦合结构的高性能PBS。仿真结果表明,当波长在1500~1600 nm时,器件的偏振消光比均大于24.49 dB。实验数据进一步证实,当波长在1500~1580 nm时,器件偏振消光比均大于18.06 dB。

双芯介电手性圆保偏光纤分束器

目前,由线偏振分束器和1/4波片所组成圆偏振保持的分束器应用在光纤系统中具有难以避免的对准误差。本文提出了一种基于双芯介电手性光子晶体光纤的圆保偏光纤分束器,仿真结果表明,在弱手性背景(δ=27.6°/mm)下,该偏振分束器在中心波长为1.55μm时的长度可低至57.46 mm,中心波段的消光比ER=41.25 dB并且在ER>20 dB的光谱宽度为14 nm,该分束器可以应用于光学集成、光纤通信和光纤传感等领域。

基于相变材料的偏振分束器开关

光开关是光子集成电路中用于可重构光传输网络的重要部件之一,功能丰富,性能优异的光开关一直是重要的研究方向。本文提出了一种基于相变材料(PCM)的偏振分束器(PBS)光开关,器件由两个平行的直波导构成,其中一个硅波导中嵌入PCM,能实现当PCM在非晶态时,将输入的TE_(0)和TM_(0)分离。而在晶态时,入射光以较低损耗通过硅波导。该开关仅有14*4μm的紧凑尺寸,耦合长度仅为7.1μm,非晶态时,TM和TE偏振的ER分别高达19.9 dB和19.4 dB,IL分别低至0.2和0.1 dB。晶态时,TM_(0)和TE0直接通过Thru端口。TM_(0)和TE_(0)的插入损耗分别是0.6 dB和0.2 dB。

大角度高消光比偏振分光镜的设计

偏振分光镜作为核心光学元件,在液晶显示和投影系统中得到广泛应用。其性能的优劣直接影响图像的质量和光能的利用率,其中,光源的入射角度对偏振分光镜的性能影响很大。依据偏振分光镜的设计原理,对倾斜入射时S、P分量的反射带宽展开研究,通过对偏振分光镜影响因素的分析,针对大角度入射的问题,选取与基底匹配的高低折射率材料,并采用针插法改变等效折射率和相位,设计并制备了偏振分光镜,实现440~650 nm范围内,光源为平行光时,消光比大于1000∶1,且光源的发散角度在-10°~+10°范围内,S光平均反射率小于1%,P光平均透过率大于80%。

Multichannel high extinction ratio polarized beam splitters based on metasurfaces

Separating lights into different, paths according to the polarization states while keeping their respective path's polarizations with high purification is keen for polarization multiplex in optical communications. Metallic nanowire gratings with multi-slits in a period are proposed to achieve polarized beam splitters (PBSs) in reflection and diffraction. The setting of multi-slits largely reduces the reflection of photons with a transverse magnetific field via the plasmonic waveguiding effect, which leads to highly polarized output lights with extinction ratio larger than 20 dB in each channel. The proposed reflection/diffraction PBSs enrich the approaches to control the polarization states with the advantages of wide incident angles and flexible beam splitting angles.

Ultra-compact broadband polarization beam splitter with strong expansibility

Based on the traditional directional coupler, we proposed a scheme to design on-chip polarization beam splitters using an inverse design method. In our scheme, the coupling area of the designed devices are only 0.48 μm× 6.4 μm. By manipulating the refractive index of the coupling region, the devices can work in C-band,L-band, O-band, or any other communication band. Different from conventional design methods, which need to adjust the design parameters artificially, if the initial conditions are determined, the proposed scheme can automatically adjust the design parameters of devices according to specific requirements. The simulation results show that the insertion losses of the designed polarization beam splitters can be less than 0.4 dB(0.35 dB) for TE(TM)mode at the wavelengths of 1310, 1550, and 1600 nm, and the extinction ratios are larger than 19.9 dB for the TE and TM modes at all three wavelengths. Besides, the extinction ratios of both polarization states are more than 14.5 dB within the wavelength range of 1286–1364 nm, 1497–1568 nm, and 1553–1634 nm. At the same time,the insertion losses are smaller than 0.46 dB.