Volume Difference Inequalities for the Polars of Mixed Complex Projection Bodies

In this paper, based on the notion of mixed complex projection and generalized the recent works of other authors, we obtain some volume difference inequalities containing Brunn-Minkowski type inequality, Minkowski type inequality and Aleksandrov-Fenchel inequality for the polars of mixed complex projection bodies.

一种基于Polar译码度量选择的第三方高效PDCCH盲检方法

为研究和设计面向第三方场景的高效盲检方法,提出了一种基于Polar译码度量选择的第三方高效PDCCH盲检方法,其技术路线包括Polar译码算法与物理的下行控制信道(PDCCH)盲检算法2个板块.基于Polar译码盲检算法,引入一种基于下行控制信息(DCI)长度的Polar译码度量,提出了改进的基于Polar译码度量选择的第三方盲检方法.基于PDCCH盲检算法,引入一种重排序盲检算法.将改进的Polar译码算法与重排序盲检算法有机结合,提出面向第三方场景的高效PDCCH盲检方法.基于MATLAB平台搭建5G PDCCH盲检仿真链路,对所提方法进行验证与分析.结果表明,该方法能够同时有效减小PDCCH盲检次数与DCI候选长度数量,在保证目标捕获准确率的前提下提高盲检效率.

融合路径度量值和行重特性的Polar码SCL译码算法

首先提出基于初始对数似然比(Log-Likelihood Ratio,LR)与路径度量值(Path Metric,PM)的PM-LLR-SCL译码算法,在接收端初始LLR和PM值之间建立映射关系,并通过重排PM值完成翻转功能。其次,提出基于极化码生成矩阵的行重特性和PM值的PM-RW-SCL译码算法,不仅考虑了Polar码的最小码距和极化子信道可靠度,同时将路径分裂每一层的PM值引入到译码策略中,从而提高了译码性能。仿真结果显示,与串行抵消列表比特翻转(Successive Cancellation List Bit-flip,SCLF)相比,提出的PM-LLR-SCL算法最大可获得约0.23 dB的性能增益,而基于路径数量的复杂度降低了约62%;与基于行权重的串行抵消列表翻转译码算法相比,PM-RW-SCL算法最大可获得约1.5 dB的性能增益,而复杂度降低了约39%。

动态扰动辅助的串行抵消双比特翻转Polar译码算法

针对串行抵消翻转译码算法(Successive Cancellation Flip,SCF)受限于单比特翻转而性能提升有限问题,提出了一种双比特翻转译码算法(Successive Cancellation Flip with 2 Bits,SCF2)。针对SCP算法扰动方差初始值固定的问题,设计了一种扰动方差可随码长和码率变化的改进SCP算法。在此基础上,结合翻转和扰动机制,提出了一种动态扰动辅助的串行抵消双比特翻转(Dynamic Perturbation-Aided SCF2,DPA-SCF2)译码算法,并对其译码复杂度和性能进行了分析。仿真结果显示,相比于列表长度为4的循环冗余校验辅助串行抵消列表(Cyclic Redundancy Check Aided Successive Cancellation List,CA-SCL)译码算法,所提算法最大可获得约0.5 dB的性能增益。

Hybrid-Vlasov simulation of soft X-ray emissions at the Earth’s dayside magnetospheric boundaries

Solar wind charge exchange produces emissions in the soft X-ray energy range which can enable the study of near-Earth space regions such as the magnetopause,the magnetosheath and the polar cusps by remote sensing techniques.The Solar wind Magnetosphere Ionosphere Link Explorer(SMILE)and Lunar Environment heliospheric X-ray Imager(LEXI)missions aim to obtain soft Xray images of near-Earth space thanks to their Soft X-ray Imager(SXI)instruments.While earlier modeling works have already simulated soft X-ray images as might be obtained by SMILE SXI during its mission,the numerical models used so far are all based on the magnetohydrodynamics description of the space plasma.To investigate the possible signatures of ion-kinetic-scale processes in soft Xray images,we use for the first time a global hybrid-Vlasov simulation of the geospace from the Vlasiator model.The simulation is driven by fast and tenuous solar wind conditions and purely southward interplanetary magnetic field.We first produce global X-ray images of the dayside near-Earth space by placing a virtual imaging satellite at two different locations,providing meridional and equatorial views.We then analyze regional features present in the images and show that they correspond to signatures in soft X-ray emissions of mirrormode wave structures in the magnetosheath and flux transfer events(FTEs)at the magnetopause.Our results suggest that,although the time scales associated with the motion of those transient phenomena will likely be significantly smaller than the integration time of the SMILE and LEXI imagers,mirror-mode structures and FTEs can cumulatively produce detectable signatures in the soft X-ray images.For instance,a local increase by 30%in the proton density at the dayside magnetopause resulting from the transit of multiple FTEs leads to a 12%enhancement in the line-of-sight-and time-integrated soft X-ray emissivity originating from this region.Likewise,a proton density increase by 14%in the magnetosheath associated with mirror-mode structures can result in an enhancement in the soft X-ray signal by 4%.These are likely conservative estimates,given that the solar wind conditions used in the Vlasiator run can be expected to generate weaker soft X-ray emissions than the more common denser solar wind.These results will contribute to the preparatory work for the SMILE and LEXI missions by providing the community with quantitative estimates of the effects of small-scale,transient phenomena occurring on the dayside.

Lupenone improves motor dysfunction in spinal cord injury mice through inhibiting the inflammasome activation and pyroptosis in microglia via the nuclear factor kappa B pathway

Spinal cord injury-induced motor dysfunction is associated with neuroinflammation.Studies have shown that the triterpenoid lupenone,a natural product found in various plants,has a remarkable anti-inflammatory effect in the context of chronic inflammation.However,the effects of lupenone on acute inflammation induced by spinal cord injury remain unknown.In this study,we established an impact-induced mouse model of spinal cord injury,and then treated the injured mice with lupenone(8 mg/kg,twice a day)by intrape ritoneal injection.We also treated BV2 cells with lipopolysaccharide and adenosine5’-triphosphate to simulate the inflammatory response after spinal cord injury.Our res ults showed that lupenone reduced IKBa activation and p65 nuclear translocation,inhibited NLRP3 inflammasome function by modulating nuclear factor kappa B,and enhanced the conve rsion of proinflammatory M1 mic roglial cells into anti-inflammatory M2 microglial cells.Furthermore,lupenone decreased NLRP3 inflammasome activation,NLRP3-induced mic roglial cell polarization,and microglia pyroptosis by inhibiting the nuclear factor kappa B pathway.These findings suggest that lupenone protects against spinal cord injury by inhibiting inflammasomes.

Atherosis-associated lnc_000048 activates PKR to enhance STAT1-mediated polarization of THP-1 macrophages to M1 phenotype

Our previous study has demonstrated that lnc_000048 is upregulated in large-artery atherosclerotic stroke and promotes atherosclerosis in ApoE^(-/-)mice.However,little is known about the role of lnc_000048 in classically activated macrophage(M1)polarization.In this study,we established THP-1-derived testing state macrophages(M0),M1 macrophages,and alternately activated macrophages(M2).Real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR was used to verify the expression of marker genes and the expression of lnc_000048 in macrophages.Flow cytometry was used to detect phenotypic proteins(CD11b,CD38,CD80).We generated cell lines with lentivirus-mediated upregulation or downregulation of lnc_000048.Flow cytometry,western blot,and real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR results showed that down-regulation of lnc_000048 reduced M1 macrophage polarization and the inflammation response,while over-expression of lnc_000048 led to the opposite effect.Western blot results indicated that lnc_000048 enhanced the activation of the STAT1 pathway and mediated the M1 macrophage polarization.Moreover,catRAPID prediction,RNA-pull down,and mass spectrometry were used to identify and screen the protein kinase RNA-activated(PKR),then catRAPID and RPIseq were used to predict the binding ability of lnc_000048 to PKR.Immunofluorescence(IF)-RNA fluorescence in situ hybridization(FISH)double labeling was performed to verify the subcellular colocalization of lnc_000048 and PKR in the cytoplasm of M1 macrophage.We speculate that lnc_000048 may form stem-loop structure-specific binding and activate PKR by inducing its phosphorylation,leading to activation of STAT1 phosphorylation and thereby enhancing STAT1 pathway-mediated polarization of THP-1 macrophages to M1 and inflammatory factor expression.Taken together,these results reveal that the lnc_000048/PKR/STAT1 axis plays a crucial role in the polarization of M1 macrophages and may be a novel therapeutic target for atherosclerosis alleviation in stroke.

Role of N-formyl peptide receptor 2 in germinal matrix hemorrhage:an intrinsic review of a hematoma resolving pathway

Germinal matrix hemorrhage is one of the leading causes of morbidity,mortality,and acquired infantile hydrocephalus in preterm infants in the United States,with little progress made in its clinical management.Blood clots have been shown to elicit secondary brain injury after germinal matrix hemorrhage,by disrupting normal cerebrospinal fluid circulation and absorption after germinal matrix hemorrhage causing post-hemorrhagic hydrocephalus development.Current evidence suggests that rapid hematoma resolution is necessary to improve neurological outcomes after hemorrhagic stroke.Various articles have demonstrated the beneficial effects of stimulating the polarization of microglia cells into the M2 phenotype,as it has been suggested that they play an essential role in the rapid phagocytosis of the blood clot after hemorrhagic models of stroke.N-formyl peptide receptor 2(FPR2),a G-protein-coupled receptor,has been shown to be neuroprotective after stroke.FPR2 activation has been associated with the upregulation of phagocytic macrophage clearance,yet its mechanism has not been fully explored.Recent literature suggests that FPR2 may play a role in the stimulation of scavenger receptor CD36.Scavenger receptor CD36 plays a vital role in microglia phagocytic blood clot clearance after germinal matrix hemorrhage.FPR2 has been shown to phosphorylate extracellular-signal-regulated kinase 1/2(ERK1/2),which then promotes the transcription of the dual-specificity protein phosphatase 1(DUSP1)gene.In this review,we present an intrinsic outline of the main components involved in FPR2 stimulation and hematoma resolution after germinal matrix hemorrhage.

Myricetin induces M2 macrophage polarization to alleviate renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis in diabetic nephropathy via PI3K/Akt pathway

BACKGROUND Development of end-stage renal disease is predominantly attributed to diabetic nephropathy(DN).Previous studies have indicated that myricetin possesses the potential to mitigate the pathological alterations observed in renal tissue.Never-theless,the precise molecular mechanism through which myricetin influences the progression of DN remains uncertain.AIM To investigate the effects of myricetin on DN and explore its potential therapeutic mechanism.METHODS Db/db mice were administered myricetin intragastrically on a daily basis at doses of 50 mg/kg or 100 mg/kg for a duration of 12 wk.Subsequently,blood and urine indexes were assessed,along with examination of renal tissue pathology.Kidney morphology and fibrosis were evaluated using various staining techniques including hematoxylin and eosin,periodic acid–Schiff,Masson’s trichrome,and Sirius-red.Additionally,high-glucose culturing was conducted on the RAW 264.7 cell line,treated with 25 mM myricetin or co-administered with the PI3K/Akt inhibitor LY294002 for a period of 24 h.In both in vivo and in vitro settings,quantification of inflammation factor levels was conducted using western blotting,real-time qPCR and ELISA.RESULTS In db/db mice,administration of myricetin led to a mitigating effect on DN-induced renal dysfunction and fibrosis.Notably,we observed a significant reduction in expressions of the kidney injury markers kidney injury molecule-1 and neutrophil gelatinase associated lipocalin,along with a decrease in expressions of inflammatory cytokine-related factors.Furthermore,myricetin treatment effectively inhibited the up-regulation of tumor necrosis factor-alpha,interleukin-6,and interluekin-1βinduced by high glucose in RAW 264.7 cells.Additionally,myricetin modulated the M1-type polarization of the RAW 264.7 cells.Molecular docking and bioinformatic analyses revealed Akt as the target of myricetin.The protective effect of myricetin was nullified upon blocking the polarization of RAW 264.7 via inhibition of PI3K/Akt activation using LY294002.CONCLUSION This study demonstrated that myricetin effectively mitigates kidney injury in DN mice through the regulation of macrophage polarization via the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.

Cell polarization in ischemic stroke: molecular mechanisms and advances

Ischemic stroke is a cerebrovascular disease associated with high mortality and disability rates. Since the inflammation and immune response play a central role in driving ischemic damage, it becomes essential to modulate excessive inflammatory reactions to promote cell survival and facilitate tissue repair around the injury site. Various cell types are involved in the inflammatory response, including microglia, astrocytes, and neutrophils, each exhibiting distinct phenotypic profiles upon stimulation. They display either proinflammatory or anti-inflammatory states, a phenomenon known as ‘cell polarization.’ There are two cell polarization therapy strategies. The first involves inducing cells into a neuroprotective phenotype in vitro, then reintroducing them autologously. The second approach utilizes small molecular substances to directly affect cells in vivo. In this review, we elucidate the polarization dynamics of the three reactive cell populations(microglia, astrocytes, and neutrophils) in the context of ischemic stroke, and provide a comprehensive summary of the molecular mechanisms involved in their phenotypic switching. By unraveling the complexity of cell polarization, we hope to offer insights for future research on neuroinflammation and novel therapeutic strategies for ischemic stroke.

Valleytronic topological filters in silicene-like inner-edge systems

Inner edge state with spin and valley degrees of freedom is a promising candidate for designing a dissipationless device due to the topological protection. The central challenge for the application of the inner edge state is to generate and modulate the polarized currents. In this work, we discover a new mechanism to generate fully valley-and spin–valley-polarized current caused by the Bloch wavevector mismatch(BWM). Based on this mechanism, we design some serial-typed inner-edge filters. By using once of the BWM, the coincident states could be divided into transmitted and reflected modes, which can serve as a valley or spin–valley filter. In particular, while with twice of the BWM, the incident current is absolutely reflected to support an off state with a specified valley and spin, which is different from the gap effect.These findings give rise to a new platform for designing valleytronics and spin-valleytronics.

Linear dichroism transition and polarization-sensitive photodetector of quasi-one-dimensional palladium bromide

Perpendicular optical reversal of the linear dichroism transition has promising applications in polarization-sensitive optoelectronic devices. We perform a systematical study on the in-plane optical anisotropy of quasi-one-dimensional PdBr_(2) by using combined measurements of the angle-resolved polarized Raman spectroscopy(ARPRS) and anisotropic optical absorption spectrum. The analyses of ARPRS data validate the anisotropic Raman properties of the PdBr_(2) flake.And anisotropic optical absorption spectrum of PdBr_(2) nanoflake demonstrates distinct optical linear dichroism reversal. Photodetector constructed by PdBr_(2) nanowire exhibits high responsivity of 747 A·W^(-1) and specific detectivity of 5.8×10^(12) Jones. And the photodetector demonstrates prominent polarization-sensitive photoresponsivity under 405-nm light irradiation with large photocurrent anisotropy ratio of 1.56, which is superior to those of most of previously reported quasi-one-dimensional counterparts. Our study offers fundamental insights into the strong optical anisotropy exhibited by PdBr_(2), establishing it as a promising candidate for miniaturization and integration trends of polarization-related applications.

Fully spin-polarized, valley-polarized and spin-valley-polarized electron beam splitters utilizing zero-line modes in a three-terminal device

Topological zero-line modes(ZLMs) with spin and valley degrees of freedom give rise to spin, valley and spinvalley transport, which support a platform for exploring quantum transport physics and potential applications in spintronic/valleytronic devices. In this work, we investigate the beam-splitting behaviors of the charge current due to the ZLMs in a three-terminal system. We show that with certain combinations of ZLMs, the incident charge current along the interface between different topological phases can be divided into different polarized currents with unit transmittance in two outgoing terminals. As a result, fully spin-polarized, valley-polarized and spin-valley-polarized electron beam splitters are generated. The mechanism of these splitters is attributed to the cooperative effects of the distribution of the ZLMs and the intervalley and intravalley scatterings that are modulated by the wave-vector mismatch and group velocity mismatch. Interestingly, half-quantized transmittance of these scatterings is found in a fully spin-valley-polarized electron beam splitter.Furthermore, the results indicate that these splitters can be applicable to graphene, silicene, germanene and stanene due to their robustness against the spin–orbit coupling. Our findings offer a new way to understand the transport mechanism and investigate the promising applications of ZLMs.

Polydatin ameliorates hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury by modulating macrophage polarization

Background:Polydatin,a glucoside of resveratrol,has shown protective effects against various diseases.However,little is known about its effect on hepatic ischemia-reperfusion(I/R)injury.This study aimed to elucidate whether polydatin protects liver against I/R-induced injury and to explore the underlying mechanism.Methods:After gavage feeding polydatin once daily for a week,mice underwent a partial hepatic I/R procedure.Serum alanine aminotransferase(ALT)/aspartate aminotransferase(AST),hematoxylin-eosin(H&E)and TdT-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling(TUNEL)staining were used to evaluate liver injury.The severity related to the inflammatory response and reactive oxygen species(ROS)production was also investigated.Furthermore,immunofluorescence and Western blotting were used to detect macrophage polarization and the NF-κB signaling pathway in macrophages.Results:Compared with the I/R group,polydatin pretreatment significantly attenuated I/R-induced liver damage and apoptosis.The oxidative stress marker(dihydroethidium fluorescence,malondialdehyde,superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase)and I/R related inflammatory cytokines(interleukin1β,interleukin-10 and tumor necrosis factor-α)were significantly suppressed after polydatin treatment.In addition,the result of immunofluorescence indicated that polydatin reduced the polarization of macrophages toward M1 macrophages both in vivo and in vitro.Western blotting showed that polydatin inhibited the pro-inflammatory function of RAW264.7 via down-regulating the NF-κB signaling pathway.Conclusions:Polydatin protects the liver from I/R injury by remodeling macrophage polarization via NFκB signaling.

Effect of electron-electron interaction on polarization process of exciton and biexciton in conjugated polymer

By using one-dimensional tight-binding model modified to include electron-electric field interaction and electron-electron interaction,we theoretically explore the polarization process of exciton and biexciton in cis-polyacetylene.The dynamical simulation is performed by adopting the non-adiabatic evolution approach.The results show that under the effect of moderate electric field,when the strength of electron-electron interaction is weak,the singlet exciton is stable but its polarization presents obvious oscillation.With the enhancement of interaction,it is dissociated into polaron pairs,the spin-flip of which can be observed through modulating the interaction strength.For the triplet exciton,the strong electron-electron interaction restrains its normal polarization,but it is still stable.In the case of biexciton,the strong electron-electron interaction not only dissociate it,but also flip its charge distribution.The yield of the possible states formed after the dissociation of exciton and biexciton is also calculated.

Progress on two-dimensional ferrovalley materials

The electron's charge and spin degrees of freedom are at the core of modern electronic devices. With the in-depth investigation of two-dimensional materials, another degree of freedom, valley, has also attracted tremendous research interest. The intrinsic spontaneous valley polarization in two-dimensional magnetic systems, ferrovalley material, provides convenience for detecting and modulating the valley. In this review, we first introduce the development of valleytronics.Then, the valley polarization forms by the p-, d-, and f-orbit that are discussed. Following, we discuss the investigation progress of modulating the valley polarization of two-dimensional ferrovalley materials by multiple physical fields, such as electric, stacking mode, strain, and interface. Finally, we look forward to the future developments of valleytronics.

Dynamic impact properties of deep sandstone under thermal-hydraulicmechanical coupling loads

The deep rock mass within coal mines situated in a challenging environment are characterized by high ground stress,high geotemperature,high osmotic water pressure,and dynamic disturbances from mechanical excavation.To investigate the impact of this complex mechanical environment on the dynamic characteristics of roof sandstone in self-formed roadways without coal pillars,standard specimens of deep sandstone from the 2611 upper tunnel working face of the Yongmei Company within the Henan Coal Chemical Industry Group in Henan,China were prepared,and an orthogonal test was designed.Using a self-developed geotechnical dynamic impact mechanics test system,triaxial dynamic impact tests under thermal-hydraulicmechanical coupling conditions were conducted on deep sandstone.The results indicate that under high confining pressure,deep sandstone exhibits pronounced brittle failure at low temperatures,with peak strength gradually decreasing as temperature and osmotic water pressure increase.Conversely,under low confining pressure and low temperature,the brittleness of deep sandstone weakens gradually,while ductility increases.Moreover,sandstone demonstrates higher peak strength at low temperatures under high axial pressure conditions,lower peak strength at high temperatures,and greater strain under low axial pressure and high osmotic water pressure.Increases in impact air pressure and osmotic water pressure have proportionally greater effects on peak stress and peak strain.Approximately 50%of the input strain energy is utilized as effective energy driving the sandstone fracture process.Polar analysis identifies the optimal combination of factors affecting the peak stress and peak strain of sandstone.Under the coupling effect,intergranular and transgranular fractures occur within the sandstone.SEM images illustrate that the damage forms range from minor damage with multiple fissures to extensive fractures and severe fragmentation.This study elucidates the varied dynamic impact mechanical properties of deep sandstones under thermal-hydraulic-mechanical coupling,along with multifactor analysis methods and their optimal factor combinations.

Anisotropic spin transport and photoresponse characteristics detected by tip movement in magnetic single-molecule junction

Orientation-dependent transport properties induced by anisotropic molecules are enticing in single-molecule junctions.Here,using the first-principles method,we theoretically investigate spin transport properties and photoresponse characteristics in trimesic acid magnetic single-molecule junctions with different molecular adsorption orientations and electrode contact sites.The transport calculations indicate that a single-molecule switch and a significant enhancement of spin transport and photoresponse can be achieved when the molecular adsorption orientation changes from planar geometry to upright geometry.The maximum spin polarization of current and photocurrent in upright molecular junctions exceeds 90%.Moreover,as the Ni tip electrode moves,the tunneling magnetoresistance of upright molecular junctions can be increased to 70%.The analysis of the spin-dependent PDOS elucidates that the spinterfaces between organic molecule and ferromagnetic electrodes are modulated by molecular adsorption orientation,where the molecule in upright molecular junctions yields higher spin polarization.Our theoretical work paves the way for designing spintronic devices and optoelectronic devices with anisotropic functionality base on anisotropic molecules.

High-Power Raman Soliton Generation at 1.7 μm in All-Fiber Polarization-Maintaining Erbium-Doped Amplifier

An all-fiber polarization maintaining high-power laser system operating at 1.7 μm based on the Ramaninduced soliton self-frequency shifting effect is demonstrated. The entirely fiberized system is built by erbiumdoped oscillator and two-stage amplifiers with polarization maintaining commercial silica fibers and devices, which can provide robust and stable soliton generation. High-power soliton laser with the average power of 0.28 W,the repetition rate of 42.7 MHz, and pulse duration of 515 fs is generated directly from the main amplifier.Our experiment provides a feasible method for high-power all-fiber polarization maintaining femtosecond laser generation working at 1.7 μm.

Modulation of High-Order Harmonic Generation from a Monolayer ZnO by Co-rotating Two-Color Circularly Polarized Laser Fields

By numerically solving the two-dimensional semiconductor Bloch equation,we study the high-order harmonic emission of a monolayer ZnO under the driving of co-rotating two-color circularly polarized laser pulses.By changing the relative phase between the fundamental frequency field and the second one,it is found that the harmonic intensity in the platform region can be significantly modulated.In the higher order,the harmonic intensity can be increased by about one order of magnitude.Through time-frequency analysis,it is demonstrated that the emission trajectory of monolayer ZnO can be controlled by the relative phase,and the harmonic enhancement is caused by the second quantum trajectory with the higher emission probability.In addition,near-circularly polarized harmonics can be generated in the co-rotating two-color circularly polarized fields.With the change of the relative phase,the harmonics in the platform region can be altered from left-handed near-circularly polarization to right-handed one.Our results can obtain high-intensity harmonic radiation with an adjustable ellipticity,which provides an opportunity for syntheses of circularly polarized attosecond pulses.